U. S. Coast Guard Icebreakers
A Historical Bibliography
Articles:
Adams, Michael R. "Coast Guard Breaks Ice with New 140-Foot Tugs." Naval Institute Proceedings 95 (Feb 1979), pp. 113-115.
"Atomic Icebreaker Considered." Naval Institute Proceedings 89 (Feb 1963), pp. 156-158.
"A Brief History of U.S. Coast Guard Icebreakers." Mariners Weather Log 20, No. 6 (1976), p. 315.
Brigham, Lawson W. "One-Forty Class Coast Guard Icebreaker-Tugs." Mariners Weather Log 25 (Nov-Dec 1981), pp. 386-389.
________. "Under Way With the 140-foot Icebreaker-Tugs." Naval Institute Proceedings 106 (Oct 1980), pp. 123-125.
________., & Michael Powers. "First Impressions...New One-Forty Class." The Bulletin (Mar/Apr 1980), pp. 30-35.
Canney, Don. "Icebreakers and the U.S. Coast Guard [A history]."
Caron, David D. "Polar Star Precommissioning Detail Established." The Bulletin (Nov-Dec 1974), pp. 32-33.
Clevenger, Mark. "The Polar Sea's Story." Naval Institute Proceedings 104 (Oct 1978), pp. 112-115.
"Coast Guard Reviews Icebreaker Design." Sea Power (Aug 1992), pp. 44-45.
"Coast Guard Will Operate All U.S. Icebreakers." The Bulletin (Sep-Oct 1965), p. 382.
Crighton, L.J. "Icebreakers—Their Design and Construction." Lloyd’s Register of Shipping, No. 45.
"Cutter [Mackinaw] Breaks Heaviest Ice in Scientific Tests." Coast Guard Magazine (Apr 1948), p. 39.
________. "Polar Sea on Patrol in 1979." Naval Institute Proceedings 105 (Dec 1979), pp. 119-120.
Dempewolff, Richard F. "Ships That Buck the Polar Seas." Popular Mechanics CV (Mar 1956), pp. 114-120, 266-270.
"Developments of 75 Years Incorporated in New Icebreaker Design." The Bulletin (Apr 1945), pp. 24-27.
"Eastwind Disaster." Coast Guard Magazine (Mar 1949), pp. 20-23.
"The Eastwind’s Story." Coast Guard Bulletin IV, 9 (Mar 1949), p. 115.
"First New Icebreaker [Polar Star] in 20 Years..." Commandant's Bulletin (Jan 19 1976), pp. 9-10.
"Four Ice-Breakers to be Built in California." Coast Guard Bulletin I, 31 (Jan 1942), p. 246.
Fredeen, Melvin. "Our Trouble-Plagued Icebreakers Finally Break the Ice." Sea Classics XI (July 1978), pp. 36-43.
Garrett, Jeffrey M. "The Coast Guard's Red Fleet." Naval Institute Proceedings 106 (Dec 1980), pp. 101-103.
________. "Science and Innovation in the Arctic [Healy]." Naval Institute Proceedings 128 (Jan 2002), pp. 66-70.
Gault, Owen. "Icebreakers of the U.S. Coast Guard." Sea Classics IV (Nov 1971), pp. 46-49.
"Goodbye Glacier." Commandant's Bulletin (Jun 26 1987), pp. 30-33.
Gordon, Renee. "Coast Guard Cutter Healy Launched." Commandant's Bulletin (Feb 1998), pp. 8-11.
Green, D.L. "The Polar Star." The Bulletin (Sep-Oct 1972), pp. 47-53.
Grunther, Ian, & Greg Johnson. "A Ship for the New Millennium: USCGC Healy to be Launched 15 November at Avondale." Sea Power (Oct 1997), pp. 45-46.
Haley, Alex. "Tragedy Stalks the Sea, an Account of the Eastwind Disaster." Coast Guard Magazine (Mar 1949), pp. 22-23.
Hall, Dennis. "Breaker Design Begun: The CGC Healy to Set New Standards for Coast Guard Arctic-Research Cutters." Commandant's Bulletin (Aug 1994), p. 9.
Halldin, Gustaf. "Federal Ice Breaker 'Ymer.'" U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest (Mar 1938), pp. [*****]
"Harbor Cutters." Marine Engineering and Shipping Review (June 1939); (Nov 1939), pp. [*****]
Harbron, J.D. "Modern Icebreakers." Scientific American 249 (6), pp. 150-152. [*****]
[Icebreaking] Heckman, Hugh M. "Icebreaking: An Old Challenge, a New Science." Sea Classics XII (Jan 1979), pp. 26-43.
Hoffer, D.L. "So the Navy Gave You an Icebreaker!" The Bulletin (Mar-Apr 1968), pp. 30-33.
"To Honor the Dead of the ‘Eastwind.’" Coast Guard Bulletin IV, 9 (Mar 1949), p. 115.
"Icebreaker Launched at Toledo [Mackinaw]." Coast Guard Bulletin II, 22 (Apr 1944), p. 269.
"Ice Crackers of the Coast Guard." Popular Mechanics LXXXIII (Mar 1945), pp. 11-15.
"Icebreaker Starts Busy Season on the Great Lakes." Proceedings of the Merchant Marine Council 3 (Feb 1946), pp. 19-20.
Illingworth, Frank. "The Polar Fleets." Shipping World CXLVI (Jan 10, 1962), pp. 31-34, 37.
Johnson, Harvey F. "Development of Ice-Breaking Vessels for the U.S. Coast Guard." Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 54 (1946), pp. 112-151.
________.________. Marine Engineering and Shipping Review LI (Dec 1946), pp. 84-85, 88-97.
________.________. U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 46 (Sep-Oct 1947), pp. 22-24.
________.________. "(Continued)." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 47 (Nov-Dec, 1947), pp. 16-22.
________.________. "(Concluded)." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 48 (Jan-Feb, 1948), pp. 22-27.
Kaplan, Herbert R. "New Super Icebreaker with a Sunday Punch." Sea Power XV (May 1972), pp. 28-31.
Kothe, H.H. "Six Burnin', Three Turnin'. [Polar Class]." The Bulletin (July/Aug 1980), pp. 24-28.
Lancaster, Charles, & Petey Milnes. "Polar Power [CGC Healy]." Commandant's Bulletin (Jul 1996), pp. 2-5.
Langrock, D.G. "U.S. Coast Guard Icebreaker Support Facility." Naval Institute Proceedings 104 (Oct 1978), pp. 115-117.
Lank, R.B., Jr. "Influence of Arctic Operations on Future Ship Design." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 47 (Nov-Dec, 1947), pp. 3-5.
________.________. Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc. 59 (May 1947), pp. [*****]
"Launching Polar Star (WAGB-10)." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 182 (Jan-Feb-Mar 1974), pp. 2-3.
"Lectures on Streamlined Rudders Given at Webb Institute." Marine Engineering and Shipping Age (Dec 1928), pp. [*****]
Leonard, John N. "Marooned in the Ice: Westwind's recent voyage to Antarctica was a replay of 'Operation Deep Squeeze 1914' and the spirit of 'Today for you, tomorrow for me.'" Commandant's Bulletin 20-84 (Sep 28 1984), pp. 16-18.
[Mackinaw.] "The Industrial Base [new Great Lakes icebreaker]." Sea Power 45, No. 8 (Aug 2002), p. 31.
McCabe, J.E. "Eastwind Has Unique Radio Station." Coast Guard Magazine (Oct 1952), pp. 8-10.
McDonald, Edwin A. "Our Icebreakers are Not Good Enough." Naval Institute Proceedings 92 (Feb 1966), pp. 60-69.
McKibben, F.M. "Some Considerations in the Design of Icebreakers." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 104 (May-June 1957), pp. 4-6.
Meidt, Richard. "Polar Star: New Coast Guard Icebreaker." Marine Weather Log XX (Sep 1976), pp. 262-266.
Midgette, Van B., & Thomas Braithwaite. "The Polar Class Icebreaker: Super Ship of the Coast Guard." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 183 (Apr-May-June 1974), pp. 14-19.
Milano, V.R. "Notes on Icebreaker Design." Journal of The American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc. LXXIV (Feb 1962), pp. 43-51.
________. "Preliminary Vessel Estimates in Icebreaker Design." Naval Engineers Journal LXXIV (Aug 1962), pp. 505-514.
Miller, Edward C. "Arctic Prowlers." Sea Classics V (Nov 1972), pp. 16-29.
Moore, Robert G. "Polar Star--The Second Time Around." Naval Institute Proceedings 104 (Oct 1978), pp. 107-112.
________. "The Polar Icebreakers: Breaking Through At Last." Naval Institute Proceedings 105 (Dec 1979), pp. 115-119.
Morley, J.P. "Icebreakers, Their Construction and Use." Polar Record XI (Jan 1962), pp. 6-12.
Moss, Robert A. "Launching USCGC Healy: A Commentary." The Bulletin (Apr 1998), pp. 7-8.
Naab, Joseph W., Jr. "Icebreakers and Icebreaking." Naval Institute Proceedings 88 (June 1962), pp. 44-58.
"The New Coast Guard Icebreaker 'Mackinaw' Goes Into Service." The Bulletin (Feb 1945), pp. 249-255.
"New Great Lakes Ice Breaker to be Ready for Winter of 1943-44." Coast Guard Bulletin II, 2 (Aug 1942), p. 16.
"New Ice-Breakers Commissioned." The Bulletin (Jan 1945), pp. 224-225.
"The New 140-Foot Icebreaking Tug [USCGC Katmai Bay]." The Bulletin (Nov-Dec 1978), p. 27.
Nielsen, Richard. "World Icebreaker Fleets and Post-War Icebreaker Construction." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 159 (Apr-May-June 1968), pp. 64-70.
Noble, Dennis L. and Truman R. Strobridge. "Polar Icebreakers of the United States Coast Guard." Polar Record: Journal of the Scott Polar Institute 18 (Jan 1977), pp. 351-360.
"A Nuclear Icebreaker with Oceanographic Capability." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No.162 (Jan-Feb-Mar 1969), pp. 1-15.
"On the Lakes Crunching Ice: The U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Mackinaw." Time CXIII (Mar 19, 1979), p. 10.
"'Our Ship [USCGC Mackinaw].'"The Bulletin (July 1947), pp. 189-193.
"Our Ship of the Month: Mackinaw." Coast Guard Magazine (Mar 1948), pp. 47-48.
Parsons, Robert. "High-Tech Icebreaker [ Healy ] Completes Second Arctic Science Cruise." The Bulletin 65, No. 1 (Feb 2003), pp. 25-26.
Peterson, Oliver A. "Eastwind Sets New Polar Record." Coast Guard Magazine (Jan 1951), pp. 8-10.
"Polar Icebreaker Design Completed By Coast Guard Naval Engineering Division." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest 26-235 (Summer, 1988), p. 6.
"Polar Icebreaker Replacement." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest 25-232 (Winter/Spring, 1987), p. 10."Polar Sea Breaks Ice Record." Commandant's Bulletin (14 Jan 1980), p. 3.
"Polar Sea Breaks Record." Commandant's Bulletin (Jan 14 1980), p. 3.
"Polar Sea Returns." Commandant's Bulletin (Jun 8 1981), pp. 7-9.
"Polar Sea Smashes Northern Record." Commandant's Bulletin (Mar 30 1981), pp. 10-17.
"Polar Sea Strives for Arctic Record [ Arctic West Winter Operations 1981 ]." Commandant's Bulletin (Feb 2 1981), p. 5.
"Polar Ships." Shipbuilding and Shipping Record XC (Dec 26, 1957), pp. 832-836.
"The Polar Star." Sea Classics IX (July 1976), pp. 50-55.
"Polar Star." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 191 (Apr-May-Jun, 1976), pp. 35-43.
"The Polar Star – New Coast Guard Icebreaker." Mariners Weather Log 20, No. 5 (1976), p. 263.
"Polar Star, Returning to Seattle From a Four-Month Operation Deep Freeze 81 Deployment . . ." Commandant's Bulletin (Apr 13 1981), p. 5.
"Replacement Polar Icebreaker." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest 24-227 (Summer 1985), pp. 15.
Riley, Wayne. "Building a Better Icebreaker [Healy]." Commandant's Bulletin (May 1991), p. 5.
Schmidtman, R.D. "Ice Breakers." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest (Oct 1940), pp. 1-13.
"Second Icebreaking Cutter [Eastwind] Soon to be Launched." Coast Guard Bulletin II, 7 (Jan 1943), p. 95.
Serres, Harry T. "The Cutter Westwind." Coast Guard Magazine (Jun 1953), pp. 38-39.
"Ships on Ice." All Hands (Mar 1976), pp. 60-63.
"Ship of the Month [Mackinaw]." Coast Guard Magazine (May 1950), p. 40.
Siler, Owen. "The Commandant [Polar Sea launching]." Commandant's Bulletin (July 7 1975), pp. 6-9.
Simonson, Dale R. "Bow Characteristics for Ice Breaking." Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers (May 1936), pp. [*****]
Strobridge, Truman R., & Dennis L. Noble. "Polar Icebreakers and the United States Coast Guard." Polar Record XVIII (Jan 1977), pp. 351-360.
Story, James F. "The Decline of the Icebreaker Fleet." Naval Institute Proceedings 115 (Oct 1989), pp. 86-87.
________. "Only Two Polar Icebreakers Left!" Naval Institute Proceedings 115 (Oct 1989), pp. 84-88.
Tebeau, Peter A. "The Glacier Challenge -- Preserving the Coast Guard's Polar Legacy." The Bulletin 65, No. 1 (Feb 2003), pp. 26-27.
Thatch, James H., III. "Whales and Icebreakers: Soviet-Led Rescue Spotlights Cetacean-Sized U.S. Deficiencies." Sea Power (Apr 1989), pp. 114-120.
Tilyou, Mark, Neal Thayer, & Richard P. Zimmermann. "Polar Class Icebreaker: Oceanographic Mission Upgrade, Part 1." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest 30-248 (Winter 1992), pp. 24-27.
"Two Icebreakers Launched." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 3 (May 1943), p. 9.
"290-Foot Icebreaking Cutter [Mackinaw] for Great Lakes Service Placed in Commission." Coast Guard Bulletin II, 32 (Feb 1945), p. 370.
"USCGC 'Mackinaw' Launched." Proceedings of the Merchant Marine Council 1 (Apr 1944), pp. 78-79.
Venzke, Norman C. "Fiddling While the Ice Grinds . . ." Naval Institute Proceedings 113 (Dec 1987), pp. 114-117.
________. "Nobody asked me, but ... Should the Coast Guard Stay in the Icebreaking Business?" Naval Institute Proceedings 118 (Dec 1992), pp. 97-98.
________. "The Polar Icebreakers: In a Class by Themselves." Naval Institute Proceedings CII (Jan 1976), pp. 91-94.
________. "Polar Star--Sitrep One." Naval Institute Proceedings 104 (Oct 1978), pp. 103-106.
Walsh, Greg. "Farewell to the Mackinaw." Professional Mariner Issue No. 6 (Mar 1994), pp. 28-37.
Wasmund, James A. "Most Powerful Coast Guard Ice Breakers [269-foot Wind-Class icebreakers].." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 26 (Apr 1945), pp. 4-7.
________. "Most Powerful Coast Guard Ice Breakers [269-foot Wind-Class icebreakers]." Marine Age (Dec 1944), pp. 22-24.
Webster, Russ. "USCG Westwind - Mine Countermeasures Vessel?" The Bulletin (Jan-Feb 1983), p. 44.
White, R. M. and G.P. Vance. "Icebreaker Model Tests." Naval Engineers Journal LXXIX (Aug 1967), pp. 601-605.
Wilser, Charles P. "The Evergreen Goes North." Coast Guard Magazine (Sep 1954), p. 17.
"'Wind' Class Icebreakers Served Under Two Flags." Coast Guard Magazine (Jun 1956), p. 51.
Books & Government Publications
:Bleich, Arthur H. USCGC Eastwind (WAGB-279): First Icebreaker Around the World. Boston: Burdette and Co., 1961.
Bonner, Warren D. The Mighty "E" [ Eastwind ]: A Ship and Her Crew. Orange, CA: By the Author, 2004.
Couper, Alastair, ed. The Shipping Revolution: The Modern Merchant Ship. Conway's History of the Ship Series. Annapolis: Naval Institute Proceedings , 1992.
Dayton, R.B., Jr. Polar Icebreaker Preliminary Structural Design and Special Studies. Washington: Office of Engineering, U.S. Coast Guard, 1968.
Jaffe, Phil. The 1954 Historic Arctic Adventure of the Northwind. Tempe, AZ: Third Millennium Publishing, 2003.
United States Coast Guard. Polar Icebreaker Replacement Project Management Plan COMDTINST M16155.3. Washington: U.S. Coast Guard, 1987.
United States Congress. House. Authorizing Construction, etc., of 3 Coast Guard Cutters Designed for Icebreaking in Arctic and Antarctic Regions. H. Rp. 1057, 86th Cong., 1st sess., 1959, Serial 12163.
________.________. Construction of Coast Guard Cutter Designed for Ice-Breaking and Assistance Work on Great Lakes. H. Rp. 1216, 77th Cong., 1st sess., 1942, Serial 10557.
________.________. Veto Message Relative to Bill to Authorize Construction of Nuclear-Powered Icebreaking Vessel for Operation by Coast Guard, etc. H. Doc. 435, 85th Cong., 2nd sess., 1958, Serial 12098.
________.________. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Hearings on H.R. 9196, H.R. 9978, & H.R. 10122 to Authorize the Construction of a Nuclear-Powered Icebreaking Vessel for Operation by the United States Coast Guard, & For Other Purposes. 85th Cong., 2nd sess. Washington: GPO, 1958.
________.________.________. Subcommittee on Coast Guard, Coast and Geodetic Survey, & Navigation. Coast Guard Authorization, 1968--Icebreaker Program: Hearings. 90th Cong., 1st sess. Washington: GPO, 1967.
________. Senate. Authorizing Atomic Icebreaker for Utilization by Coast Guard. S. Rp. 1931, 85th Cong., 2nd sess., 1958, Serial 12063.
________.________. Construction of Coast Guard Cutter Designed for Ice-Breaking and Assistance Work on Great Lakes. S. Rp. 770, 77th Cong., 1st sess., 1942, Serial 10546.
________.________. Construction of 10 Vessels for Coast Guard Designed for Ice-Breaking and Assistance Work. S. Rp. 1189, 74th Cong., 1st sess., 1935, Serial 9880.
Uzoigwe, Chioma Ada. The Ship is Healy. Bloomfield, NJ: Reedbuck, 1999.
Unpublished Papers, Theses & Dissertations:
Canney, Donald L. "Icebreakers of the U.S. Coast Guard." Unpublished manuscript, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office 1990.
Johnson, Harvey F. "Development of Ice-Breaking Vessels for the U.S. Coast Guard." Advance copy of paper presented at annual meeting of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 14-15 Nov 1946.