Table 1. Number of workers studied by occupation, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Full-time and part-time Full-time workers Part-time workers workers(2) Occupation(1) State State State All Private and All Private and All Private and indus- indust- local indus- indust- local indus- indust- local tries ry govern- tries ry govern- tries ry govern- ment ment ment All workers............................. 234,553 206,559 27,994 178,503 157,442 21,061 56,050 49,117 6,933 All workers excluding sales........... 215,616 187,956 27,660 168,304 147,541 20,763 47,312 40,415 6,896 White-collar occupations.............. 121,053 103,377 17,676 95,340 81,662 13,678 25,713 21,715 3,998 Professional specialty and technical occupations...................... 39,820 28,522 11,298 33,729 25,094 8,635 6,091 3,428 2,663 Professional specialty occupations 30,434 19,827 10,606 25,990 18,047 7,943 4,443 1,780 2,663 Mechanical engineers............ 964 964 - 964 964 - - - - Engineers, N.E.C................ 539 539 - 539 539 - - - - Computer systems analysts and scientists................... 2,005 1,909 - 2,005 1,909 - - - - Operations and systems researchers and analysts..... 485 485 - 485 485 - - - - Registered nurses............... 4,736 4,166 570 3,571 3,263 - 1,164 902 - Elementary school teachers...... 2,842 - 2,655 2,842 - 2,655 - - - Secondary school teachers....... 2,152 - 2,025 2,152 - 2,025 - - - Teachers, N.E.C................. 919 - - 588 - - - - - Substitute teachers............. 1,783 - 1,783 - - - 1,783 - 1,783 Social workers.................. 1,813 - 1,084 1,682 - 953 - - - Technical occupations............. 9,386 8,695 691 7,738 7,047 691 1,648 1,648 - Licensed practical nurses....... 2,056 1,569 - 1,297 - - 759 759 - Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C........... 905 - - 905 - - - - - Electrical and electronic technicians.................. 1,204 1,204 - 1,204 1,204 - - - - Mechanical engineering technicians.................. 390 390 - 390 390 - - - - Drafters........................ 813 813 - 813 813 - - - - Computer programmers............ 1,042 1,042 - 895 895 - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations......... 16,662 14,915 1,747 16,271 14,523 1,747 - - - Financial managers.............. 1,464 1,412 - 1,464 1,412 - - - - Administrators, education and related fields............... 688 - 481 688 - 481 - - - Managers, medicine and health... 571 562 - 480 471 - - - - Managers and administrators, N.E.C........................ 3,997 3,858 - 3,997 3,858 - - - - Accountants and auditors........ 1,453 1,364 - 1,453 1,364 - - - - Other financial officers........ 789 789 - 789 789 - - - - Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C........................ 969 969 - 969 969 - - - - Management related occupations, N.E.C........................ 3,190 2,747 443 2,890 2,447 443 - - - Sales occupations................... 18,937 18,603 - 10,199 9,901 - 8,738 8,701 - Supervisors, sales occupations.. 657 - - 657 - - - - - Sales workers, apparel.......... 1,159 1,159 - - - - - - - Sales workers, other commodities 5,318 5,318 - 2,368 2,368 - 2,950 2,950 - Sales counter clerks............ 1,186 1,186 - - - - - - - Cashiers........................ 5,740 5,470 - 1,962 1,692 - 3,778 3,778 - Sales support occupations, N.E.C........................ 633 633 - 633 633 - - - - Administrative support including clerical occupations............. 45,634 41,337 4,296 35,142 32,143 2,999 10,492 9,194 1,298 Secretaries..................... 5,898 4,921 977 4,175 3,448 727 1,723 1,472 - Typists......................... 722 623 - 578 - - - - - Receptionists................... 1,750 1,723 - 1,344 1,344 - - - - Order clerks.................... 1,131 1,131 - 1,038 1,038 - - - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks.............. 3,849 3,497 352 2,929 2,644 284 921 - - Payroll and timekeeping clerks.. 836 836 - 836 836 - - - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks....................... 1,593 1,593 - 1,416 1,416 - - - - Stock and inventory clerks...... 1,789 1,664 - 1,392 1,267 - - - - Investigators and adjusters except insurance............. 1,399 1,349 - 1,326 1,276 - - - - General office clerks........... 7,064 6,300 764 4,916 4,387 528 2,148 1,912 - Data entry keyers............... 911 868 - 642 599 - - - - Teachers' aides................. 1,123 - 1,123 - - - 585 - 585 Administrative support occupations, N.E.C........... 1,828 1,710 - 1,251 1,133 - - - - White-collar occupations excluding sales............................ 102,116 84,774 17,342 85,141 71,760 13,381 16,975 13,014 3,961 Blue-collar occupations............... 74,878 71,614 3,264 64,197 61,730 2,467 10,681 9,884 797 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 21,463 20,934 529 20,681 20,152 529 - - - Automobile mechanics............ 1,421 1,359 - 1,421 1,359 - - - - Industrial machinery repairers.. 1,520 1,482 - 1,490 1,451 - - - - Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C.. 1,984 - - 1,984 - - - - - Carpenters...................... 1,042 1,004 - 1,042 1,004 - - - - Electricians.................... 588 547 - 588 547 - - - - Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters................. 738 738 - 738 738 - - - - Roofers......................... 1,334 1,334 - 1,334 1,334 - - - - Supervisors, production occupations.................. 2,080 2,041 - 2,080 2,041 - - - - Machinists...................... 629 629 - 629 629 - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors....................... 26,716 26,401 - 25,219 24,904 - 1,496 1,496 - Printing press operators........ 595 595 - 595 595 - - - - Textile sewing machine operators 4,696 4,696 - 4,160 4,160 - - - - Packaging and filling machine operators.................... 1,017 1,017 - 1,017 1,017 - - - - Painting and paint spraying machine operators............ 1,114 1,114 - 1,114 1,114 - - - - Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C........................ 2,015 2,015 - 2,015 2,015 - - - - Welders and cutters............. 775 775 - 775 775 - - - - Assemblers...................... 3,702 3,702 - 3,543 3,543 - - - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners................ 955 955 - 955 955 - - - - Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9,730 8,342 1,388 6,266 5,388 878 3,464 2,954 509 Truck drivers................... 4,900 4,732 - 3,781 3,613 - 1,119 1,119 - Bus drivers..................... 2,426 1,664 762 - - - 2,173 1,664 509 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators.......... 1,287 1,287 - 1,287 1,287 - - - - Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators, N.E.C... 306 - - 306 - - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............ 16,970 15,937 1,033 12,031 11,286 745 4,938 4,651 - Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm.................. 592 - - 592 - - - - - Helpers, mechanics and repairers 1,036 - - 1,036 - - - - - Helpers, construction trades.... 1,325 1,325 - - - - - - - Production helpers.............. 803 803 - - - - - - - Stock handlers and baggers...... 4,073 4,073 - 2,227 2,227 - 1,846 1,846 - Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C.............. 759 759 - 727 727 - - - - Hand packers and packagers...... 2,428 2,428 - 1,757 1,757 - 671 671 - Laborers except construction, N.E.C........................ 3,482 3,482 - 2,684 2,684 - - - - Service occupations................... 38,622 31,568 7,054 18,966 14,051 4,915 19,656 17,518 2,139 Police and detectives, public service...................... 1,286 - 1,286 1,286 - 1,286 - - - Guards and police except public service...................... 1,403 1,403 - 788 788 - 615 615 - Bartenders...................... 861 861 - - - - - - - Waiters and waitresses.......... 3,637 3,637 - 849 849 - 2,788 2,788 - Cooks........................... 3,901 3,810 - 2,278 2,234 - 1,623 1,575 - Food counter, fountain, and related occupations.......... 2,453 2,234 - - - - 1,757 1,538 - Food preparation occupations, N.E.C........................ 4,132 3,606 526 1,951 1,866 - 2,181 1,740 - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants................... 4,210 3,237 973 2,050 1,274 - 2,159 1,962 - Maids and housemen.............. 1,179 1,051 - 1,040 912 - - - - Janitors and cleaners........... 5,447 3,620 1,827 2,945 1,639 1,306 2,502 1,981 521 Child care workers, N.E.C....... 499 - - - - - 499 - - Service occupations, N.E.C...... 2,307 2,217 - 1,017 928 - - - - 1 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. Table 2. Hourly earnings(1) for selected occupations, all workers (2), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 All industries Private industry State and local government Occupation(3) Mean Median Middle range Mean Median Middle range Mean Median Middle range All workers........................ $13.73 $11.85 $8.01 - $16.79 $13.11 $11.36 $7.80 - $16.32 $18.61 $14.56 $10.92 - $25.09 All workers excluding sales...... 13.85 12.01 8.38 - 17.00 13.20 11.67 8.00 - 16.50 18.66 14.32 10.85 - 25.33 White-collar occupations......... 16.32 13.91 9.20 - 20.33 15.35 13.46 8.93 - 19.00 22.61 19.85 12.49 - 31.46 Professional specialty and technical occupations....... 21.32 19.00 14.62 - 26.25 19.41 18.12 14.52 - 22.13 27.08 27.08 16.55 - 36.78 Professional specialty occupations............... 23.21 21.03 17.05 - 28.86 21.02 20.00 16.73 - 24.59 28.25 28.47 19.36 - 37.51 Mechanical engineers....... 22.34 - - - 22.34 - - - - - - - Engineers, N.E.C........... 29.11 - - - 29.11 - - - - - - - Computer systems analysts and scientists.......... 22.73 20.92 17.74 - 28.80 22.42 20.82 17.74 - 30.09 - - - - Operations and systems researchers and analysts 18.81 - - - 18.81 - - - - - - - Registered nurses.......... 19.17 18.63 17.60 - 20.33 19.11 18.63 17.60 - 20.23 19.70 - - - Elementary school teachers. 33.81 34.57 27.14 - 41.87 - - - - 35.56 36.20 28.51 - 41.91 Secondary school teachers.. 32.39 32.14 25.60 - 39.93 - - - - 32.97 32.80 26.76 - 40.98 Teachers, N.E.C............ 25.61 - - - - - - - - - - - Substitute teachers........ 9.90 - - - - - - - 9.90 - - - Social workers............. 13.59 12.31 9.62 - 16.10 - - - - 16.15 - - - Technical occupations........ 15.44 14.84 13.05 - 17.31 15.61 15.00 13.05 - 17.31 13.52 - - - Licensed practical nurses.. 13.98 14.15 13.33 - 14.75 14.34 - - - - - - - Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C...... 14.13 - - - - - - - - - - - Electrical and electronic technicians............. 14.53 - - - 14.53 - - - - - - - Mechanical engineering technicians............. 17.97 - - - 17.97 - - - - - - - Drafters................... 15.45 - - - 15.45 - - - - - - - Computer programmers....... 15.99 - - - 15.99 - - - - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations 23.18 21.63 15.87 - 28.26 23.09 21.49 15.87 - 28.13 24.00 22.16 15.39 - 30.43 Financial managers......... 28.49 - - - 28.81 - - - - - - - Administrators, education and related fields...... 29.35 - - - - - - - 31.41 - - - Managers, medicine and health.................. 24.71 - - - 24.77 - - - - - - - Managers and administrators, N.E.C... 27.60 28.13 20.66 - 33.31 27.77 28.13 20.66 - 34.85 - - - - Accountants and auditors... 15.49 - - - 15.28 - - - - - - - Other financial officers... 14.17 - - - 14.17 - - - - - - - Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C........... 20.18 - - - 20.18 - - - - - - - Management related occupations, N.E.C...... 19.32 19.23 15.48 - 23.05 19.93 20.76 15.50 - 23.05 15.65 - - - Sales occupations.............. 12.09 8.26 6.00 - 14.17 12.03 8.25 6.00 - 13.80 - - - - Supervisors, sales occupations............. 15.95 - - - - - - - - - - - Sales workers, apparel..... 5.51 - - - 5.51 - - - - - - - Sales workers, other commodities............. $14.04 $8.26 $6.50 - $11.00 $14.04 $8.26 $6.50 - $11.00 - - - - Sales counter clerks....... 8.13 - - - 8.13 - - - - - - - Cashiers................... 7.27 6.05 5.25 - 8.10 6.73 5.80 5.10 - 7.56 - - - - Sales support occupations, N.E.C................... 10.50 - - - 10.50 - - - - - - - Administrative support including clerical occupations................. 10.59 9.75 8.00 - 12.36 10.54 9.63 7.88 - 12.29 $11.13 $10.92 $9.15 - $13.05 Secretaries................ 11.31 11.25 9.00 - 13.63 11.11 11.18 8.65 - 13.58 12.33 - - - Typists.................... 10.00 - - - 9.78 - - - - - - - Receptionists.............. 9.14 8.40 7.65 - 10.51 9.12 8.40 7.65 - 10.51 - - - - Order clerks............... 11.92 11.69 7.50 - 16.33 11.92 11.69 7.50 - 16.33 - - - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks......... 11.01 9.23 8.25 - 13.75 10.76 9.23 8.00 - 13.75 13.79 - - - Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................. 10.20 - - - 10.20 - - - - - - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks........ 9.17 - - - 9.17 - - - - - - - Stock and inventory clerks. 9.69 9.52 8.00 - 11.50 9.24 9.00 8.00 - 9.92 - - - - Investigators and adjusters except insurance........ 15.21 14.81 10.04 - 20.33 15.27 - - - - - - - General office clerks...... 10.07 9.47 7.97 - 11.11 10.01 9.35 7.70 - 11.11 10.54 - - - Data entry keyers.......... 8.81 - - - 8.81 - - - - - - - Teachers' aides............ 8.74 - - - - - - - 8.74 - - - Administrative support occupations, N.E.C...... 10.47 10.75 8.47 - 11.75 10.32 10.25 8.00 - 11.59 - - - - White-collar occupations excluding sales............. 17.01 14.62 9.90 - 21.19 15.97 14.25 9.55 - 20.00 22.77 20.00 12.37 - 31.80 Blue-collar occupations.......... 11.99 11.60 8.25 - 15.00 12.00 11.54 8.10 - 15.25 11.87 12.32 9.85 - 13.82 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations...... 14.83 14.66 12.00 - 17.13 14.85 14.70 12.00 - 17.14 14.14 - - - Automobile mechanics....... 12.32 - - - 12.27 - - - - - - - Industrial machinery repairers............... 14.62 14.48 13.81 - 15.68 14.60 - - - - - - - Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C................... 14.86 - - - - - - - - - - - Carpenters................. 12.53 - - - 12.55 - - - - - - - Electricians............... 18.34 - - - 18.44 - - - - - - - Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters............ 19.05 - - - 19.05 - - - - - - - Roofers.................... 15.01 - - - 15.01 - - - - - - - Supervisors, production occupations............. 16.06 16.75 14.42 - 17.92 16.03 16.75 14.42 - 18.27 - - - - Machinists................. 14.05 - - - 14.05 - - - - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors.............. 11.19 10.19 7.39 - 14.32 11.21 10.28 7.39 - 14.41 - - - - Printing press operators... 11.96 - - - 11.96 - - - - - - - Textile sewing machine operators............... $7.53 $6.99 $6.05 - $8.66 $7.53 $6.99 $6.05 - $8.66 - - - - Packaging and filling machine operators....... 12.47 - - - 12.47 - - - - - - - Painting and paint spraying machine operators....... 15.49 - - - 15.49 - - - - - - - Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C........ 10.80 10.00 7.08 - 13.60 10.80 10.00 7.08 - 13.60 - - - - Welders and cutters........ 16.78 - - - 16.78 - - - - - - - Assemblers................. 15.10 20.10 9.84 - 20.10 15.10 20.10 9.84 - 20.10 - - - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners.. 11.15 - - - 11.15 - - - - - - - Transportation and material moving occupations.......... 11.60 11.67 8.00 - 14.27 11.40 11.34 7.45 - 14.21 $12.93 $13.00 $12.21 - $14.68 Truck drivers.............. 11.59 11.46 8.00 - 14.27 11.60 11.46 8.00 - 14.28 - - - - Bus drivers................ 9.74 10.83 6.70 - 12.00 8.28 - - - 12.95 - - - Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............... 13.48 - - - 13.48 - - - - - - - Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators, N.E.C........ 13.86 - - - - - - - - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers....... 9.53 9.22 6.75 - 11.67 9.51 9.13 6.75 - 11.28 9.94 - - - Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm... 8.39 - - - - - - - - - - - Helpers, mechanics and repairers............... 12.61 - - - - - - - - - - - Helpers, construction trades.................. 8.44 - - - 8.44 - - - - - - - Production helpers......... 11.43 - - - 11.43 - - - - - - - Stock handlers and baggers. 8.80 9.06 6.50 - 10.99 8.80 9.06 6.50 - 10.99 - - - - Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C................... 10.82 - - - 10.82 - - - - - - - Hand packers and packagers. 8.09 7.25 6.00 - 10.00 8.09 7.25 6.00 - 10.00 - - - - Laborers except construction, N.E.C..... 9.74 8.30 6.75 - 11.90 9.74 8.30 6.75 - 11.90 - - - - Service occupations.............. 8.26 7.50 5.50 - 10.00 7.19 6.75 5.25 - 8.70 12.24 12.32 9.08 - 15.14 Police and detectives, public service.......... 16.38 - - - - - - - 16.38 - - - Guards and police except public service.......... 8.50 - - - 8.50 - - - - - - - Bartenders................. 4.75 - - - 4.75 - - - - - - - Waiters and waitresses..... 3.16 2.41 2.34 - 3.06 3.16 2.41 2.34 - 3.06 - - - - Cooks...................... 8.23 8.25 6.74 - 9.00 8.16 8.25 6.53 - 9.00 - - - - Food counter, fountain, and related occupations..... 6.21 - - - 5.99 - - - - - - - Food preparation occupations, N.E.C...... $8.05 $6.50 $5.45 - $8.55 $7.96 $6.25 $5.35 - $7.80 $8.90 - - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants.......... 8.58 8.13 7.00 - 9.54 8.10 7.72 6.75 - 9.00 9.82 - - - Maids and housemen......... 6.96 - - - 6.57 - - - - - - - Janitors and cleaners...... 9.26 9.00 6.50 - 11.65 7.85 7.50 6.00 - 9.60 11.65 $12.32 $9.08 - $13.68 Child care workers, N.E.C.. 6.98 - - - - - - - - - - - Service occupations, N.E.C................... 6.66 - - - 6.31 - - - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. Table 3. Hourly earnings(1) for selected occupations, full-time workers only(2), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 All industries Private industry State and local government Occupation(3) Mean Median Middle range Mean Median Middle range Mean Median Middle range All workers........................ $14.67 $12.84 $9.00 - $17.55 $14.01 $12.36 $8.70 - $17.27 $19.82 $15.05 $12.31 - $27.24 All workers excluding sales...... 14.67 12.97 9.13 - 17.76 13.96 12.49 8.90 - 17.31 19.89 15.14 12.29 - 27.47 White-collar occupations......... 17.29 14.75 10.01 - 21.19 16.25 14.37 9.62 - 19.98 23.88 22.13 13.62 - 32.66 Professional specialty and technical occupations....... 21.78 19.69 15.14 - 26.92 19.61 18.40 14.62 - 22.40 28.63 28.60 19.41 - 37.74 Professional specialty occupations............... 23.70 21.64 17.48 - 29.17 21.13 20.14 16.76 - 25.20 30.08 29.65 22.65 - 38.34 Mechanical engineers....... 22.34 - - - 22.34 - - - - - - - Engineers, N.E.C........... 29.11 - - - 29.11 - - - - - - - Computer systems analysts and scientists.......... 22.73 20.92 17.74 - 28.80 22.42 20.82 17.74 - 30.09 - - - - Operations and systems researchers and analysts 18.81 - - - 18.81 - - - - - - - Registered nurses.......... 19.42 18.63 18.01 - 20.33 19.26 18.63 18.01 - 20.23 - - - - Elementary school teachers. 33.81 34.57 27.14 - 41.87 - - - - 35.56 36.20 28.51 - 41.91 Secondary school teachers.. 32.39 32.14 25.60 - 39.93 - - - - 32.97 32.80 26.76 - 40.98 Teachers, N.E.C............ 26.06 - - - - - - - - - - - Social workers............. 13.25 12.31 9.62 - 15.78 - - - - 15.65 - - - Technical occupations........ 15.54 14.90 13.00 - 17.31 15.74 15.76 13.05 - 17.67 13.52 - - - Licensed practical nurses.. 14.11 - - - - - - - - - - - Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C...... 14.13 - - - - - - - - - - - Electrical and electronic technicians............. 14.53 - - - 14.53 - - - - - - - Mechanical engineering technicians............. 17.97 - - - 17.97 - - - - - - - Drafters................... 15.45 - - - 15.45 - - - - - - - Computer programmers....... 16.56 - - - 16.56 - - - - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations 23.17 21.63 15.87 - 28.85 23.08 21.49 15.87 - 28.13 24.00 22.16 15.39 - 30.43 Financial managers......... 28.49 - - - 28.81 - - - - - - - Administrators, education and related fields...... 29.35 - - - - - - - 31.41 - - - Managers, medicine and health.................. 24.79 - - - 24.85 - - - - - - - Managers and administrators, N.E.C... 27.60 28.13 20.66 - 33.31 27.77 28.13 20.66 - 34.85 - - - - Accountants and auditors... 15.49 - - - 15.28 - - - - - - - Other financial officers... 14.17 - - - 14.17 - - - - - - - Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C........... 20.18 - - - 20.18 - - - - - - - Management related occupations, N.E.C...... 18.98 19.23 15.43 - 23.05 19.59 20.00 15.48 - 23.05 15.65 - - - Sales occupations.............. 14.68 10.98 7.56 - 15.32 14.67 10.30 7.56 - 15.50 - - - - Supervisors, sales occupations............. 15.95 - - - - - - - - - - - Sales workers, other commodities............. 19.24 10.05 8.26 - 11.00 19.24 10.05 8.26 - 11.00 - - - - Cashiers................... 8.06 - - - 7.04 - - - - - - - Sales support occupations, N.E.C................... $10.50 - - - $10.50 - - - - - - - Administrative support including clerical occupations................. 10.98 $10.40 $8.31 - $12.76 10.92 $10.23 $8.18 - $12.69 $11.59 $11.37 $9.47 - $13.42 Secretaries................ 11.80 12.03 9.00 - 13.82 11.60 11.94 8.58 - 13.63 12.78 - - - Typists.................... 10.47 - - - - - - - - - - - Receptionists.............. 9.15 - - - 9.15 - - - - - - - Order clerks............... 12.29 - - - 12.29 - - - - - - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks......... 11.35 9.42 8.50 - 14.25 11.08 9.23 8.50 - 14.25 13.91 - - - Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................. 10.20 - - - 10.20 - - - - - - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks........ 9.50 - - - 9.50 - - - - - - - Stock and inventory clerks. 9.73 9.52 8.00 - 11.12 9.26 - - - - - - - Investigators and adjusters except insurance........ 15.60 - - - 15.66 - - - - - - - General office clerks...... 10.62 9.70 8.50 - 11.36 10.58 9.52 8.27 - 11.11 10.92 - - - Data entry keyers.......... 9.30 - - - 9.33 - - - - - - - Administrative support occupations, N.E.C...... 10.77 - - - 10.61 - - - - - - - White-collar occupations excluding sales............. $17.62 $15.33 $10.66 - $22.09 $16.48 $14.75 $10.05 - $20.55 $24.08 $22.79 $13.56 - $33.09 Blue-collar occupations.......... 12.38 12.00 8.91 - 15.36 12.40 11.98 8.75 - 15.40 12.01 12.42 9.85 - 13.82 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations...... 14.88 14.70 12.00 - 17.14 14.90 14.70 12.00 - 17.34 14.14 - - - Automobile mechanics....... 12.32 - - - 12.27 - - - - - - - Industrial machinery repairers............... 14.60 - - - 14.58 - - - - - - - Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C................... 14.86 - - - - - - - - - - - Carpenters................. 12.53 - - - 12.55 - - - - - - - Electricians............... 18.34 - - - 18.44 - - - - - - - Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters............ 19.05 - - - 19.05 - - - - - - - Roofers.................... 15.01 - - - 15.01 - - - - - - - Supervisors, production occupations............. 16.06 16.75 14.42 - 17.92 16.03 16.75 14.42 - 18.27 - - - - Machinists................. 14.05 - - - 14.05 - - - - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors.............. 11.33 10.37 7.59 - 14.56 11.36 10.50 7.50 - 14.59 - - - - Printing press operators... 11.96 - - - 11.96 - - - - - - - Textile sewing machine operators............... 7.53 - - - 7.53 - - - - - - - Packaging and filling machine operators....... 12.47 - - - 12.47 - - - - - - - Painting and paint spraying machine operators....... 15.49 - - - 15.49 - - - - - - - Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C........ 10.80 10.00 7.08 - 13.60 10.80 10.00 7.08 - 13.60 - - - - Welders and cutters........ 16.78 - - - 16.78 - - - - - - - Assemblers................. 15.39 20.10 9.84 - 20.10 15.39 20.10 9.84 - 20.10 - - - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners.. 11.15 - - - 11.15 - - - - - - - Transportation and material moving occupations.......... 12.39 12.57 9.00 - 14.73 12.30 11.90 8.50 - 14.70 13.01 - - - Truck drivers.............. 12.01 11.90 8.50 - 14.32 12.03 11.90 8.50 - 14.47 - - - - Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............... 13.48 - - - 13.48 - - - - - - - Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators, N.E.C........ 13.86 - - - - - - - - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers....... 10.18 10.00 7.40 - 11.90 10.17 10.00 7.30 - 11.90 10.40 - - - Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm... 8.39 - - - - - - - - - - - Helpers, mechanics and repairers............... 12.61 - - - - - - - - - - - Stock handlers and baggers. 9.86 10.22 8.50 - 11.17 9.86 10.22 8.50 - 11.17 - - - - Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C................... $10.93 - - - $10.93 - - - - - - - Hand packers and packagers. 8.79 - - - 8.79 - - - - - - - Laborers except construction, N.E.C..... 10.31 $10.45 $7.40 - $11.90 10.31 $10.45 $7.40 - $11.90 - - - - Service occupations.............. 9.36 8.70 6.50 - 11.60 7.97 7.64 6.00 - 9.38 $13.19 $13.62 $10.25 - $15.85 Police and detectives, public service.......... 16.38 - - - - - - - 16.38 - - - Guards and police except public service.......... 8.79 - - - 8.79 - - - - - - - Waiters and waitresses..... 3.21 - - - 3.21 - - - - - - - Cooks...................... 8.72 8.70 7.50 - 9.50 8.64 8.70 7.50 - 9.50 - - - - Food preparation occupations, N.E.C...... 9.15 - - - 9.16 - - - - - - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants.......... 9.30 - - - 8.64 - - - - - - - Maids and housemen......... $7.03 - - - $6.63 - - - - - - - Janitors and cleaners...... 10.38 $10.00 $8.54 - $12.63 8.71 - - - $12.49 $13.05 $11.47 - $14.17 Service occupations, N.E.C................... 7.06 - - - 6.59 - - - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. Table 4. Hourly earnings(1) for selected occupations, part-time workers only(2), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 All industries Private industry State and local government Occupation(3) Mean Median Middle range Mean Median Middle range Mean Median Middle range All workers........................ $7.70 $6.75 $5.47 - $9.00 $7.48 $6.55 $5.25 - $8.80 $9.73 $9.14 $7.00 - $11.36 All workers excluding sales...... 7.99 7.00 5.63 - 9.25 7.77 6.95 5.50 - 9.00 9.66 9.14 7.00 - 11.25 White-collar occupations......... 8.95 7.62 6.00 - 9.98 8.69 7.18 5.68 - 9.30 10.96 9.63 8.28 - 12.31 Professional specialty and technical occupations....... 14.74 14.15 11.00 - 17.05 16.13 15.05 13.61 - 19.00 12.23 11.11 9.14 - 13.33 Professional specialty occupations............... 14.85 13.89 9.63 - 17.66 18.09 17.35 16.25 - 21.13 12.23 11.11 9.14 - 13.33 Registered nurses.......... 17.55 - - - 17.91 - - - - - - - Substitute teachers........ 9.90 - - - - - - - 9.90 - - - Technical occupations........ 14.54 - - - 14.54 - - - - - - - Licensed practical nurses.. 13.57 - - - 13.57 - - - - - - - Sales occupations.............. 6.23 5.50 5.00 - 6.75 6.16 5.50 5.00 - 6.75 - - - - Sales workers, other commodities............. 6.18 6.25 5.00 - 6.75 6.18 6.25 5.00 - 6.75 - - - - Cashiers................... 6.46 5.50 5.00 - 7.85 6.46 5.50 5.00 - 7.85 - - - - Administrative support including clerical occupations................. 8.05 7.95 6.55 - 9.00 7.97 7.95 6.55 - 9.00 8.75 8.20 7.25 - 9.93 Secretaries................ 9.02 - - - 8.96 - - - - - - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks......... 8.80 - - - - - - - - - - - General office clerks...... 7.64 7.05 6.55 - 9.00 7.58 - - - - - - - Teachers' aides............ 8.58 - - - - - - - 8.58 - - - White-collar occupations excluding sales............. 10.53 9.00 7.25 - 12.14 10.46 8.81 7.05 - 12.14 10.84 9.36 8.28 - 12.22 Blue-collar occupations.......... 7.62 6.95 6.00 - 9.80 7.44 6.75 6.00 - 9.00 10.77 - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors.............. 6.79 - - - 6.79 - - - - - - - Transportation and material moving occupations.......... 8.79 7.45 6.45 - 10.83 8.29 7.00 6.45 - 10.83 12.57 - - - Truck drivers.............. 8.55 - - - 8.55 - - - - - - - Bus drivers................ 9.04 - - - 8.28 - - - 12.57 - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers....... 6.61 6.50 5.25 - 7.13 6.64 6.50 5.25 - 7.13 - - - - Stock handlers and baggers. 6.46 5.51 5.15 - 7.00 6.46 5.51 5.15 - 7.00 - - - - Hand packers and packagers. 5.46 - - - 5.46 - - - - - - - Service occupations.............. 6.17 5.75 4.90 - 7.50 5.97 5.75 4.75 - 7.40 7.78 7.20 6.25 - 9.24 Guards and police except public service.......... 7.95 - - - 7.95 - - - - - - - Waiters and waitresses..... 3.13 - - - 3.13 - - - - - - - Cooks...................... 6.90 - - - 6.84 - - - - - - - Food counter, fountain, and related occupations..... 5.91 - - - 5.46 - - - - - - - Food preparation occupations, N.E.C...... 6.31 5.75 5.00 - 7.35 5.78 - - - - - - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants.......... 7.40 - - - 7.47 - - - - - - - Janitors and cleaners...... 6.55 6.25 5.25 - 7.00 6.41 - - - 7.13 - - - Child care workers, N.E.C.. 6.98 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. Table 5. Mean weekly earnings(1) and hours for selected white-collar occupations, full-time workers only(2), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 All industries Private industry State and local government Occupation(3) Mean Weekly earnings Mean Weekly earnings Mean Weekly earnings weekly weekly weekly hours(- hours(- hours(- 4) Mean Median 4) Mean Median 4) Mean Median White-collar occupations.............. 39.2 $678 $580 39.5 $643 $563 37.3 $891 $849 Professional specialty and technical occupations...................... 38.9 847 771 39.6 777 736 36.6 1048 1040 Professional specialty occupations 38.6 914 865 39.6 836 790 36.3 1092 1076 Mechanical engineers............ 40.0 894 - 40.0 894 - - - - Engineers, N.E.C................ 39.8 1159 - 39.8 1159 - - - - Computer systems analysts and scientists................... 39.9 907 834 39.9 895 833 - - - Operations and systems researchers and analysts..... 41.8 786 - 41.8 786 - - - - Registered nurses............... 39.5 767 745 39.4 760 745 - - - Elementary school teachers...... 35.6 1203 1216 - - - 35.3 1254 1253 Secondary school teachers....... 36.0 1165 1165 - - - 35.9 1183 1199 Teachers, N.E.C................. 34.1 888 - - - - - - - Social workers.................. 39.4 522 492 - - - 39.0 610 - Technical occupations............. 39.8 619 596 39.8 627 635 40.0 541 - Licensed practical nurses....... 40.0 565 - - - - - - - Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C........... 40.0 565 - - - - - - - Electrical and electronic technicians.................. 40.0 581 - 40.0 581 - - - - Mechanical engineering technicians.................. 40.0 719 - 40.0 719 - - - - Drafters........................ 40.0 618 - 40.0 618 - - - - Computer programmers............ 40.0 662 - 40.0 662 - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations......... 40.0 927 850 40.1 925 850 39.2 940 821 Financial managers.............. 40.0 1140 - 40.0 1152 - - - - Administrators, education and related fields............... 39.3 1153 - - - - 39.3 1234 - Managers, medicine and health... 38.6 957 - 38.6 961 - - - - Managers and administrators, N.E.C........................ 40.9 1129 1129 41.0 1139 1191 - - - Accountants and auditors........ 39.8 617 - 40.0 611 - - - - Other financial officers........ 39.9 565 - 39.9 565 - - - - Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C........................ 39.8 803 - 39.8 803 - - - - Management related occupations, N.E.C........................ 40.2 763 769 40.2 787 812 40.3 631 - Sales occupations................... 40.1 589 425 40.2 590 412 - - - Supervisors, sales occupations.. 43.4 693 - - - - - - - Sales workers, other commodities 40.5 779 412 40.5 779 412 - - - Cashiers........................ 39.0 314 - 39.3 276 - - - - Sales support occupations, N.E.C........................ 39.3 413 - 39.3 413 - - - - Administrative support including clerical occupations............. 38.9 $428 $400 39.0 $426 $400 38.3 $444 $448 Secretaries..................... 38.1 449 448 38.2 442 448 37.6 480 - Typists......................... 38.2 400 - - - - - - - Receptionists................... 38.0 348 - 38.0 348 - - - - Order clerks.................... 39.6 487 - 39.6 487 - - - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks.............. 39.9 453 377 40.0 443 369 39.3 547 - Payroll and timekeeping clerks.. 40.0 408 - 40.0 408 - - - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks....................... 39.0 370 - 39.0 370 - - - - Stock and inventory clerks...... 39.9 389 381 40.0 370 - - - - Investigators and adjusters except insurance............. 40.7 635 - 40.7 638 - - - - General office clerks........... 38.7 411 381 38.6 408 381 40.0 437 - Data entry keyers............... 39.4 366 - 39.5 369 - - - - Administrative support occupations, N.E.C........... 39.4 424 - 39.5 419 - - - - White-collar occupations excluding sales............................ 39.1 $689 $604 39.4 $650 $577 37.3 $899 $878 1 Earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week. Table 6. Numbers of workers by occupational group and level(1), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Full-time and part-time Full-time workers Part-time workers workers(3) Occupational group(2) and level All State and All State and All State and indus- Private local indus- Private local indus- Private local tries industry govern- tries industry govern- tries industry govern- ment ment ment White-collar occupations...... 121,053 103,377 17,676 95,340 81,662 13,678 25,713 21,715 3,998 Professional specialty and technical occupations.... 39,820 28,522 11,298 33,729 25,094 8,635 6,091 3,428 2,663 Professional specialty occupations............ 30,434 19,827 10,606 25,990 18,047 7,943 4,443 1,780 2,663 Level 5............. 2,959 1,561 1,398 1,435 1,435 - 1,523 - 1,398 Level 6............. 1,615 - 943 1,270 - - - - - Level 7............. 3,205 2,567 637 2,828 2,362 466 376 - - Level 8............. 2,290 1,417 872 2,233 1,417 815 - - - Level 9............. 8,993 4,118 4,875 7,648 3,381 4,267 1,344 737 - Level 10............ 1,683 1,209 474 1,593 1,209 383 - - - Level 11............ 3,647 3,058 589 3,445 2,921 523 - - - Level 12............ 2,793 2,387 406 2,690 2,284 406 - - - Level 13............ 1,012 637 375 1,012 637 375 - - - Level 14............ 452 452 - 452 452 - - - - Level 15............ 630 - - 630 - - - - - Technical occupations..... 9,386 8,695 691 7,738 7,047 691 1,648 1,648 - Level 5............. 1,369 1,113 - 897 641 - - - - Level 6............. 1,359 1,321 - 1,128 1,089 - - - - Level 7............. 1,668 1,398 - 1,450 1,180 - - - - Level 8............. 1,225 1,098 - 1,225 1,098 - - - - Level 9............. 2,257 2,257 - 1,750 1,750 - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations.............. 16,662 14,915 1,747 16,271 14,523 1,747 - - - Level 6............. 633 398 - 633 398 - - - - Level 7............. 978 721 - 978 721 - - - - Level 8............. 1,828 1,790 - 1,828 1,790 - - - - Level 9............. 1,805 1,796 - 1,726 1,717 - - - - Level 10............ 629 539 - 629 539 - - - - Level 11............ 3,183 2,826 357 3,021 2,665 357 - - - Level 12............ 2,778 2,707 - 2,628 2,556 - - - - Level 13............ 1,665 1,362 - 1,665 1,362 - - - - Level 14............ 1,103 792 - 1,103 792 - - - - Managers and administrators, N.E.C.............. 3,997 3,858 - 3,997 3,858 - - - - Level 12............ 536 536 - 536 536 - - - - Level 13............ 614 614 - 614 614 - - - - Sales occupations........... 18,937 18,603 - 10,199 9,901 - 8,738 8,701 - Level 1............. 2,171 2,171 - 1,031 1,031 - 1,140 1,140 - Level 2............. 4,521 4,521 - 1,168 1,168 - 3,353 3,353 - Level 3............. 2,630 2,630 - 1,358 1,358 - 1,272 1,272 - Level 4............. 3,195 3,195 - 1,557 1,557 - 1,639 1,639 - Level 5............. 2,252 2,252 - 954 954 - 1,298 1,298 - Level 6............. 1,103 834 - 1,103 834 - - - - Level 8............. 589 553 - 553 553 - - - - Cashiers.............. 5,740 5,470 - 1,962 1,692 - 3,778 3,778 - Level 1............. 1,234 1,234 - - - - - - - Level 2............. 2,824 2,824 - - - - 2,487 2,487 - Administrative support including clerical occupations.............. 45,634 41,337 4,296 35,142 32,143 2,999 10,492 9,194 1,298 Level 1............. 2,291 2,291 - 1,879 1,879 - - - - Level 2............. 6,547 5,969 578 3,914 3,820 - 2,633 2,149 484 Level 3............. 12,728 11,821 908 7,135 6,567 568 5,594 5,254 340 Level 4............. 8,866 7,554 1,312 7,834 6,798 1,036 1,032 756 - Level 5............. 7,289 6,940 349 7,016 6,729 - - - - Level 6............. 4,197 3,468 730 4,090 3,361 730 - - - Level 7............. 2,164 1,833 330 1,812 1,529 - - - - Secretaries........... 5,898 4,921 977 4,175 3,448 727 1,723 1,472 - Level 3............. 1,650 1,514 - - - - - - - Level 4............. 820 630 - 786 596 - - - - Level 5............. 1,518 1,475 - 1,307 1,263 - - - - Level 6............. 1,303 929 - 1,303 929 - - - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks.... 3,849 3,497 352 2,929 2,644 284 921 - - Level 3............. 1,066 1,066 - - - - - - - Level 4............. 1,343 1,343 - 1,343 1,343 - - - - Level 5............. 617 - - 617 - - - - - General office clerks. 7,064 6,300 764 4,916 4,387 528 2,148 1,912 - Level 2............. 1,992 1,831 - - - - - - - Level 3............. 2,156 1,914 - 1,162 995 - 994 919 - Level 4............. 1,990 1,758 - 1,898 1,666 - - - - White-collar occupations excluding sales.......... 102,116 84,774 17,342 85,141 71,760 13,381 16,975 13,014 3,961 Level 1............. 2,291 2,291 - 1,879 1,879 - - - - Level 2............. 6,547 5,969 578 3,914 3,820 - 2,633 2,149 484 Level 3............. 13,060 12,152 908 7,135 6,567 568 5,925 5,585 340 Level 4............. 9,911 8,599 1,312 8,736 7,700 1,036 1,175 899 - Level 5............. 11,876 9,874 2,003 9,608 9,064 543 2,269 809 1,459 Level 6............. 7,804 5,858 1,946 7,121 5,448 1,672 - - - Level 7............. 8,014 6,520 1,494 7,068 5,792 1,276 946 728 - Level 8............. 5,492 4,454 1,038 5,435 4,454 981 - - - Level 9............. 13,242 8,358 4,884 11,311 7,035 4,276 1,931 1,323 - Level 10............ 2,611 2,048 564 2,521 2,048 473 - - - Level 11............ 7,319 6,373 946 6,955 6,075 880 - - - Level 12............ 5,767 5,289 478 5,514 5,036 478 - - - Level 13............ 2,676 1,999 678 2,676 1,999 678 - - - Level 14............ 1,556 1,244 - 1,556 1,244 - - - - Level 15............ 2,432 2,318 - 2,432 2,318 - - - - Not able to be leveled.......... 1,519 1,429 - - - - - - - Blue-collar occupations....... 74,878 71,614 3,264 64,197 61,730 2,467 10,681 9,884 797 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations... 21,463 20,934 529 20,681 20,152 529 - - - Level 4............. 2,012 1,937 - 1,565 1,490 - - - - Level 5............. 3,307 3,252 - 3,307 3,252 - - - - Level 6............. 1,946 1,858 - 1,946 1,858 - - - - Level 7............. 7,405 7,285 - 7,127 7,007 - - - - Level 8............. 1,953 1,840 - 1,953 1,840 - - - - Level 9............. 2,482 2,443 - 2,482 2,443 - - - - Level 10............ 1,242 1,242 - 1,242 1,242 - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors............... 26,716 26,401 - 25,219 24,904 - 1,496 1,496 - Level 1............. 2,733 2,733 - 2,574 2,574 - - - - Level 2............. 6,421 6,106 - 5,921 5,607 - - - - Level 3............. 3,225 3,225 - 2,463 2,463 - - - - Level 4............. 6,483 6,483 - 6,483 6,483 - - - - Level 5............. 4,139 4,139 - 4,062 4,062 - - - - Level 6............. 888 888 - 888 888 - - - - Level 7............. 2,253 2,253 - 2,253 2,253 - - - - Transportation and material moving occupations....... 9,730 8,342 1,388 6,266 5,388 878 3,464 2,954 509 Level 2............. 1,728 1,627 - 1,236 1,198 - - - - Level 3............. 1,794 1,437 356 938 - - 856 648 - Level 4............. 3,498 3,035 - 1,891 1,544 - - - - Level 5............. 1,551 1,224 - 1,271 1,067 - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers................. 16,970 15,937 1,033 12,031 11,286 745 4,938 4,651 - Level 1............. 6,850 6,427 - 3,590 3,454 - 3,260 2,973 - Level 2............. 2,259 2,259 - 1,584 1,584 - 675 675 - Level 3............. 2,948 2,724 - 2,878 2,654 - - - - Level 4............. 2,410 2,302 - 1,725 1,618 - - - - Level 5............. 940 840 - 692 - - - - - Service occupations........... 38,622 31,568 7,054 18,966 14,051 4,915 19,656 17,518 2,139 Level 1............. 13,987 13,072 915 5,022 4,844 - 8,965 8,228 737 Level 2............. 4,462 3,599 863 1,995 1,827 - 2,467 1,772 695 Level 3............. 7,648 5,618 2,030 3,134 1,418 1,716 4,514 4,200 314 Level 4............. 4,239 3,570 669 2,418 2,032 386 1,821 1,538 - Level 5............. 1,875 1,581 - 1,323 1,090 - 552 - - Level 6............. 3,071 2,412 - 1,781 1,122 - 1,290 1,290 - Level 7............. 1,312 - 684 1,265 - - - - - Level 8............. 542 - - 542 - - - - - Level 9............. - - 639 - - 639 - - - Protective service occupations.......... 3,896 1,457 2,439 3,014 842 2,172 882 615 - Level 3............. 720 720 - - - - - - - Food service occupations.......... 16,284 15,447 837 6,140 6,011 - 10,144 9,436 708 Level 1............. 8,477 8,087 - 2,617 2,617 - 5,860 5,469 - Level 2............. 1,834 1,589 - - - - 1,384 1,176 - Level 3............. 1,922 1,813 - - - - 1,575 1,513 - Level 4............. 1,542 1,494 - 825 825 - 717 - - Health service occupations.......... 5,384 4,222 - 2,920 1,954 966 2,464 2,267 - Level 2............. 1,054 905 - - - - - - - Level 3............. 2,216 1,471 - 1,208 - - 1,008 - - Level 4............. 1,191 1,097 - 731 - - - - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants......... 4,210 3,237 973 2,050 1,274 - 2,159 1,962 - Level 2............. 1,054 905 - - - - - - - Level 3............. 1,888 1,333 - - - - - - - Cleaning and building service occupations.. 6,626 4,670 1,955 3,985 2,551 1,434 2,640 2,119 521 Level 1............. 3,931 3,406 525 1,721 1,543 - 2,210 1,863 - Level 2............. 664 - - 513 - - - - - Level 3............. 1,256 - 1,018 1,062 - 971 - - - Level 4............. 425 - - 339 - - - - - Janitors and cleaners. 5,447 3,620 1,827 2,945 1,639 1,306 2,502 1,981 521 Level 1............. 3,085 2,560 525 1,013 835 - 2,072 1,725 - Level 2............. 664 - - 513 - - - - - Level 3............. 1,128 - 890 934 - 843 - - - Personal services occupations.......... 6,432 5,772 660 2,906 2,692 - 3,526 3,081 446 Level 3............. 1,534 1,376 - - - - 1,462 - - Level 4............. 661 - - - - - - - - 1 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation's ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 2 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. Table 7. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group and level(2), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Full-time and part-time Full-time workers Part-time workers workers(4) Occupational group(3) and level All State and All State and All State and indus- Private local indus- Private local indus- Private local tries industry govern- tries industry govern- tries industry govern- ment ment ment White-collar occupations...... $16.32 $15.35 $22.61 $17.29 $16.25 $23.88 $8.95 $8.69 $10.96 Professional specialty and technical occupations.... 21.32 19.41 27.08 21.78 19.61 28.63 14.74 16.13 12.23 Professional specialty occupations............ 23.21 21.02 28.25 23.70 21.13 30.08 14.85 18.09 12.23 Level 5............. 10.09 10.16 9.83 10.20 10.20 - 9.74 - 9.83 Level 6............. 20.35 - 22.97 21.12 - - - - - Level 7............. 17.93 17.82 18.45 18.04 17.88 18.85 16.38 - - Level 8............. 18.25 14.89 24.48 18.29 14.89 24.71 - - - Level 9............. 26.25 18.95 32.95 26.81 18.84 33.88 17.53 20.32 - Level 10............ 22.14 21.73 23.32 22.32 21.73 24.25 - - - Level 11............ 23.93 22.95 29.77 24.01 23.07 29.60 - - - Level 12............ 26.29 26.00 28.02 26.33 26.04 28.02 - - - Level 13............ 37.06 39.83 32.17 37.06 39.83 32.17 - - - Level 14............ 32.30 32.30 - 32.30 32.30 - - - - Level 15............ 38.53 - - 38.53 - - - - - Technical occupations..... 15.44 15.61 13.52 15.54 15.74 13.52 14.54 14.54 - Level 5............. 16.06 17.12 - 15.70 16.95 - - - - Level 6............. 12.64 12.53 - 12.50 12.38 - - - - Level 7............. 15.42 15.72 - 15.61 15.99 - - - - Level 8............. 16.24 16.56 - 16.24 16.56 - - - - Level 9............. 16.36 16.36 - 16.73 16.73 - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations.............. 23.18 23.09 24.00 23.17 23.08 24.00 - - - Level 6............. 14.51 13.92 - 14.51 13.92 - - - - Level 7............. 13.77 13.64 - 13.77 13.64 - - - - Level 8............. 15.42 15.48 - 15.42 15.48 - - - - Level 9............. 17.68 17.67 - 17.62 17.62 - - - - Level 10............ 16.96 16.64 - 16.96 16.64 - - - - Level 11............ 20.56 20.49 21.13 20.30 20.20 21.13 - - - Level 12............ 25.60 25.51 - 25.70 25.62 - - - - Level 13............ 31.35 30.95 - 31.35 30.95 - - - - Level 14............ 29.89 29.10 - 29.89 29.10 - - - - Managers and administrators, N.E.C.............. 27.60 27.77 - 27.60 27.77 - - - - Level 12............ 22.41 22.41 - 22.41 22.41 - - - - Level 13............ 27.95 27.95 - 27.95 27.95 - - - - Sales occupations........... 12.09 12.03 - 14.68 14.67 - 6.23 6.16 - Level 1............. 6.49 6.49 - 6.68 6.68 - 6.16 6.16 - Level 2............. 6.69 6.69 - 7.47 7.47 - 6.19 6.19 - Level 3............. 7.04 7.04 - 7.50 7.50 - 6.14 6.14 - Level 4............. 8.67 8.67 - 9.91 9.91 - 6.26 6.26 - Level 5............. 8.95 8.95 - 10.99 10.99 - 5.99 5.99 - Level 6............. $13.57 $13.23 - $13.57 $13.23 - - - - Level 8............. 49.18 50.48 - 50.48 50.48 - - - - Cashiers.............. 7.27 6.73 - 8.06 7.04 - $6.46 $6.46 - Level 1............. 5.87 5.87 - - - - - - - Level 2............. 6.41 6.41 - - - - 6.41 6.41 - Administrative support including clerical occupations.............. 10.59 10.54 $11.13 10.98 10.92 $11.59 8.05 7.97 $8.75 Level 1............. 7.95 7.95 - 8.03 8.03 - - - - Level 2............. 7.44 7.39 8.31 7.80 7.76 - 6.46 6.31 7.74 Level 3............. 9.25 9.28 8.88 9.56 9.61 8.97 8.48 8.47 8.57 Level 4............. 11.41 11.48 11.00 11.57 11.61 11.26 8.70 8.51 - Level 5............. 11.00 10.98 11.26 11.05 11.01 - - - - Level 6............. 12.41 12.29 13.02 12.51 12.40 13.02 - - - Level 7............. 14.35 14.30 14.63 14.50 14.46 - - - - Secretaries........... 11.31 11.11 12.33 11.80 11.60 12.78 9.02 8.96 - Level 3............. 9.17 9.08 - - - - - - - Level 4............. 11.14 10.45 - 11.18 10.47 - - - - Level 5............. 12.28 12.28 - 12.58 12.59 - - - - Level 6............. 11.63 11.01 - 11.63 11.01 - - - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks.... 11.01 10.76 13.79 11.35 11.08 13.91 8.80 - - Level 3............. 8.13 8.13 - - - - - - - Level 4............. 11.65 11.65 - 11.65 11.65 - - - - Level 5............. 9.42 - - 9.42 - - - - - General office clerks. 10.07 10.01 10.54 10.62 10.58 10.92 7.64 7.58 - Level 2............. 7.69 7.70 - - - - - - - Level 3............. 10.31 10.37 - 10.78 10.93 - 9.02 8.98 - Level 4............. 11.89 11.93 - 12.01 12.07 - - - - White-collar occupations excluding sales.......... 17.01 15.97 22.77 17.62 16.48 24.08 10.53 10.46 10.84 Level 1............. 7.95 7.95 - 8.03 8.03 - - - - Level 2............. 7.44 7.39 8.31 7.80 7.76 - 6.46 6.31 7.74 Level 3............. 9.26 9.29 8.88 9.56 9.61 8.97 8.51 8.51 8.57 Level 4............. 11.64 11.73 11.00 11.80 11.87 11.26 8.74 8.58 - Level 5............. 11.43 11.47 11.06 11.43 11.37 12.31 11.45 13.66 9.58 Level 6............. 14.10 13.01 17.71 14.21 13.06 18.11 - - - Level 7............. 15.92 15.94 15.85 16.03 16.06 15.89 14.32 14.03 - Level 8............. 16.67 15.47 22.45 16.68 15.47 22.61 - - - Level 9............. 23.03 17.93 32.92 23.56 17.99 33.84 16.41 17.26 - Level 10............ 20.69 20.21 22.58 20.77 20.21 23.26 - - - Level 11............ 21.89 21.30 26.25 21.80 21.22 26.07 - - - Level 12............ 25.87 25.67 28.12 25.94 25.74 28.12 - - - Level 13............ 33.38 33.60 32.67 33.38 33.60 32.67 - - - Level 14............ $30.59 $30.25 - $30.59 $30.25 - - - - Level 15............ 38.11 38.09 - 38.11 38.09 - - - - Not able to be leveled.......... 18.29 18.29 - - - - - - - Blue-collar occupations....... 11.99 12.00 $11.87 12.38 12.40 $12.01 $7.62 $7.44 $10.77 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations... 14.83 14.85 14.14 14.88 14.90 14.14 - - - Level 4............. 10.96 10.95 - 10.98 10.97 - - - - Level 5............. 13.08 13.09 - 13.08 13.09 - - - - Level 6............. 13.36 13.33 - 13.36 13.33 - - - - Level 7............. 14.74 14.74 - 14.78 14.78 - - - - Level 8............. 17.92 18.06 - 17.92 18.06 - - - - Level 9............. 17.42 17.41 - 17.42 17.41 - - - - Level 10............ 20.44 20.44 - 20.44 20.44 - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors............... 11.19 11.21 - 11.33 11.36 - 6.79 6.79 - Level 1............. 6.47 6.47 - 6.56 6.56 - - - - Level 2............. 7.76 7.68 - 7.85 7.77 - - - - Level 3............. 11.22 11.22 - 11.75 11.75 - - - - Level 4............. 13.10 13.10 - 13.10 13.10 - - - - Level 5............. 11.85 11.85 - 11.85 11.85 - - - - Level 6............. 15.03 15.03 - 15.03 15.03 - - - - Level 7............. 16.14 16.14 - 16.14 16.14 - - - - Transportation and material moving occupations....... 11.60 11.40 12.93 12.39 12.30 13.01 8.79 8.29 12.57 Level 2............. 9.17 9.12 - 9.25 9.21 - - - - Level 3............. 9.31 8.66 12.45 9.50 - - 8.84 7.67 - Level 4............. 12.18 12.07 - 14.13 14.35 - - - - Level 5............. 14.22 14.46 - 14.49 14.69 - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers................. 9.53 9.51 9.94 10.18 10.17 10.40 6.61 6.64 - Level 1............. 7.17 7.07 - 7.77 7.61 - 6.01 6.02 - Level 2............. 10.45 10.45 - 11.10 11.10 - 7.14 7.14 - Level 3............. 10.82 10.82 - 10.84 10.85 - - - - Level 4............. 9.75 9.79 - 9.85 9.91 - - - - Level 5............. 10.24 9.91 - 11.18 - - - - - Service occupations........... $8.26 $7.19 $12.24 $9.36 $7.97 $13.19 $6.17 $5.97 $7.78 Level 1............. 5.95 5.78 9.01 6.51 6.35 - 5.35 5.13 8.22 Level 2............. 7.63 7.41 8.66 7.93 7.62 - 7.14 6.94 7.57 Level 3............. 8.07 6.59 10.72 9.51 7.48 11.12 6.04 5.98 6.69 Level 4............. 8.54 8.18 10.46 9.22 8.79 11.39 6.92 6.78 - Level 5............. 7.98 7.43 - 7.86 7.27 - 8.48 - - Level 6............. 10.01 8.52 - 10.71 8.75 - 8.15 8.15 - Level 7............. 12.89 - 16.05 12.90 - - - - - Level 8............. 11.94 - - 11.94 - - - - - Level 9............. - - 16.50 - - 16.50 - - - Protective service occupations.......... 12.89 8.76 15.14 13.83 9.17 15.61 7.81 7.95 - Level 3............. 7.45 7.45 - - - - - - - Food service occupations.......... 6.64 6.52 9.33 7.80 7.75 - 5.29 5.02 8.99 Level 1............. 5.22 5.12 - 5.54 5.54 - 4.96 4.76 - Level 2............. 7.22 6.79 - - - - 7.21 6.62 - Level 3............. 4.96 4.73 - - - - 4.56 4.44 - Level 4............. 6.82 6.77 - 7.25 7.25 - 5.75 - - Health service occupations.......... 9.11 8.89 - 9.86 9.69 10.19 7.64 7.73 - Level 2............. 8.65 8.90 - - - - - - - Level 3............. 8.28 7.60 - 8.68 - - 7.56 - - Level 4............. 10.02 10.18 - 11.36 - - - - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants......... 8.58 8.10 9.82 9.30 8.64 - 7.40 7.47 - Level 2............. 8.65 8.90 - - - - - - - Level 3............. 8.04 7.37 - - - - - - - Cleaning and building service occupations.. 8.80 7.52 11.49 9.55 8.00 12.24 6.52 6.37 7.13 Level 1............. 7.22 6.93 9.26 7.76 7.45 - 6.33 6.06 - Level 2............. 8.23 - - 8.58 - - - - - Level 3............. 11.94 - 12.26 12.31 - 12.45 - - - Level 4............. 10.20 - - 10.87 - - - - - Janitors and cleaners. 9.26 7.85 11.65 10.38 8.71 12.49 6.55 6.41 7.13 Level 1............. 7.52 7.17 9.26 8.62 8.24 - 6.36 6.08 - Level 2............. 8.23 - - 8.58 - - - - - Level 3............. 12.22 - 12.65 12.67 - 12.87 - - - Personal services occupations.......... 6.98 6.80 8.65 7.03 6.82 - 6.88 6.77 7.52 Level 3............. 5.99 5.93 - - - - 5.72 - - Level 4............. 7.31 - - - - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation's ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. Table 8. Number of workers by occupational group and selected characteristic, all industries, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Nonunion- Full-time Part-time Incen- Occupational group(1) Union(2) (2) workers(- workers(- Time(4) tive(4) 3) 3) All workers............................. 52,418 182,135 178,503 56,050 220,920 13,633 All workers excluding sales......... 49,929 165,687 168,304 47,312 204,027 11,589 White-collar occupations............ 17,945 103,108 95,340 25,713 118,308 2,745 Professional specialty and technical occupations.......... 10,149 29,671 33,729 6,091 39,820 - Professional specialty occupations.................. 9,500 20,934 25,990 4,443 30,434 - Technical occupations........... 649 8,737 7,738 1,648 9,386 - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations......... - 16,195 16,271 - 16,349 - Sales occupations................. - 16,448 10,199 8,738 16,893 2,044 Administrative support including clerical occupations........... 4,840 40,794 35,142 10,492 45,246 - Blue-collar occupations............. 27,950 46,928 64,197 10,681 65,344 9,534 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............. 7,282 14,181 20,681 - 20,717 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 12,732 13,984 25,219 1,496 19,755 6,961 Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 3,489 6,241 6,266 3,464 7,976 1,754 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.......... 4,447 12,523 12,031 4,938 16,896 - Service occupations................. 6,523 32,099 18,966 19,656 37,268 - 1 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational 'groups. 2 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Time workers wages are based solely on hourly or weekly rates; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. Table 9. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group and selected characteristic, all industries, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Nonunion- Full-time Part-time Incen- Occupational group(2) Union(3) (3) workers(- workers(- Time(5) tive(5) 4) 4) All workers.................................. $16.12 $13.01 $14.67 $7.70 $13.75 $13.33 All workers excluding sales.............. 16.29 13.08 14.67 7.99 14.03 10.80 White-collar occupations................. 21.25 15.52 17.29 8.95 16.12 25.16 Professional specialty and technical occupations......................... 27.04 19.50 21.78 14.74 21.32 - Professional specialty occupations... 28.14 21.15 23.70 14.85 23.21 - Technical occupations................ 13.82 15.58 15.54 14.54 15.44 - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations.............. - 23.31 23.17 - 23.31 - Sales occupations...................... - 12.22 14.68 6.23 9.81 26.86 Administrative support including clerical occupations................ 13.87 10.18 10.98 8.05 10.56 - Blue-collar occupations.................. 14.13 10.67 12.38 7.62 12.18 10.74 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations......................... 16.53 13.93 14.88 - 14.84 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors.......................... 13.41 9.19 11.33 6.79 11.70 9.62 Transportation and material moving occupations......................... 14.40 9.72 12.39 8.79 11.27 12.67 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................ 11.65 8.77 10.18 6.61 9.51 - Service occupations...................... 11.98 7.36 9.36 6.17 8.26 - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 5 Time workers wages are based solely on hourly or weekly rates; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. Table 10. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group and selected characteristic, private industry, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Nonunion- Full-time Part-time Incen- Occupational group(2) Union(3) (3) workers(- workers(- Time(5) tive(5) 4) 4) All workers.................................. $14.13 $12.88 $14.01 $7.48 $13.09 $13.33 All workers excluding sales.............. 14.28 12.95 13.96 7.77 13.36 10.80 White-collar occupations................. 15.05 15.38 16.25 8.69 15.09 25.16 Professional specialty and technical occupations......................... 18.31 19.51 19.61 16.13 19.41 - Professional specialty occupations... 18.52 21.32 21.13 18.09 21.02 - Technical occupations................ - 15.62 15.74 14.54 15.61 - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations.............. - 23.09 23.08 - 23.22 - Sales occupations...................... - 12.20 14.67 6.16 9.68 26.86 Administrative support including clerical occupations................ 14.73 10.13 10.92 7.97 10.50 - Blue-collar occupations.................. 14.23 10.68 12.40 7.44 12.20 10.74 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations......................... 16.69 13.92 14.90 - 14.85 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors.......................... 13.41 9.19 11.36 6.79 11.74 9.62 Transportation and material moving occupations......................... 14.85 9.56 12.30 8.29 10.93 12.67 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................ 11.66 8.81 10.17 6.64 9.49 - Service occupations...................... 8.48 7.10 7.97 5.97 7.14 - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 5 Time workers wages are based solely on hourly or weekly rates; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. Table 11. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group and selected characteristic, State and local government, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Nonunion- Full-time Part-time Occupational group(2) Union(3) (3) workers(- workers(- Time(5) 4) 4) All workers.................................. $20.80 $15.14 $19.82 $9.73 $18.61 White-collar occupations................... 26.15 17.64 23.88 10.96 22.61 Professional specialty and technical occupations........................... 30.01 19.39 28.63 12.23 27.08 Professional specialty occupations..... 31.49 19.84 30.08 12.23 28.25 Technical occupations.................. 13.52 - 13.52 - 13.52 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations........................... - 25.96 24.00 - 24.00 Administrative support including clerical occupations........................... 11.69 10.81 11.59 8.75 11.13 Blue-collar occupations.................... 12.78 10.26 12.01 10.77 11.87 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations........................... 13.81 - 14.14 - 14.14 Transportation and material moving occupations........................... 13.03 - 13.01 12.57 12.93 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.......................... 11.58 - 10.40 - 9.94 Service occupations........................ 13.28 10.09 13.19 7.78 12.24 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 5 Time workers wages are based solely on hourly or weekly rates; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. Table 12. Number of workers(1) by occupational group, private industry, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Goods-producing Service-producing industries(4) industries(3) All pri- Trans- Fin- Occupational group(2) vate port- Whole- ance, industries Con- Manu- ation sale insur- Serv- Total struc- fac- Total and and ance, ices tion turing public retail and util- trade real ities estate All workers........................ 206,559 69,968 6,738 62,723 136,591 11,456 46,250 10,577 68,309 All workers excluding sales.... 187,956 68,044 6,381 61,156 119,912 11,456 31,576 10,419 66,462 White-collar occupations....... 103,377 23,425 799 22,119 79,952 4,724 21,431 10,425 43,371 Professional specialty and technical occupations..... 28,522 7,691 - 7,691 20,831 - - 732 18,054 Professional specialty occupations............. 19,827 4,952 - 4,952 14,876 - - 697 12,280 Technical occupations...... 8,695 2,740 - 2,740 5,955 - - - 5,774 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations 14,915 5,413 - 4,881 9,502 622 1,742 3,444 3,694 Sales occupations............ 18,603 1,924 - 1,567 16,679 - 14,674 - 1,847 Administrative support including clerical occupations............... 41,337 8,397 - 7,979 32,940 2,764 4,310 6,091 19,776 Blue-collar occupations........ 71,614 45,664 5,938 39,725 25,950 6,711 11,126 - 8,113 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations.... 20,934 12,583 4,481 8,101 8,352 - 2,651 - 3,050 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 26,401 23,612 - 23,612 2,788 - - - 2,242 Transportation and material moving occupations........ 8,342 1,976 - 1,976 6,366 3,461 1,925 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.... 15,937 7,493 1,457 6,036 8,444 - 6,004 - 1,842 Service occupations............ 31,568 879 - 879 30,689 - 13,692 - 16,825 1 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Table 13. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group, private industry, all workers(2), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Goods-producing Service-producing industries(5) industries(4) Trans- Fin- Occupational group(3) All private port- Whole- ance, industries Con- Manu- ation sale in- Total struc- fac- Total and and sur- Serv- tion turing public retail ance, ices util- trade and ities real estate All workers........................ $13.11 $14.46 $13.25 $14.56 $12.30 $16.37 $9.75 $16.19 $12.46 All workers excluding sales.... 13.20 14.38 13.51 14.45 12.43 16.37 9.26 15.95 12.46 White-collar occupations....... 15.35 18.39 11.36 18.68 14.34 19.41 11.60 16.34 14.47 Professional specialty and technical occupations..... 19.41 20.19 - 20.19 19.10 - - 19.78 18.07 Professional specialty occupations............. 21.02 22.88 - 22.88 20.35 - - 19.86 19.15 Technical occupations...... 15.61 15.23 - 15.23 15.81 - - - 15.69 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations 23.09 24.81 - 25.58 22.09 27.09 17.95 23.71 21.92 Sales occupations............ 12.03 17.04 - 18.66 11.32 - 10.86 - 12.65 Administrative support including clerical occupations............... 10.54 12.72 - 12.82 9.91 12.94 8.30 10.76 9.49 Blue-collar occupations........ 12.00 12.50 13.52 12.36 11.05 14.16 9.67 - 10.17 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations.... 14.85 14.86 14.88 14.85 14.83 - 13.58 - 13.71 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 11.21 11.60 - 11.60 7.78 - - - 7.61 Transportation and material moving occupations........ 11.40 14.64 - 14.64 10.13 11.45 8.93 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.... 9.51 10.43 7.54 10.91 8.64 - 8.04 - 8.32 Service occupations............ 7.19 9.33 - 9.33 7.12 - 6.28 - 7.74 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Table 14. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group, private industry, full-time workers only(2), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Goods-producing Service-producing industries(5) industries(4) Trans- Fin- Occupational group(3) All private port- Whole- ance, industries Con- Manu- ation sale in- Total struc- fac- Total and and sur- Serv- tion turing public retail ance, ices util- trade and ities real estate All workers........................ $14.01 $14.63 $13.61 $14.71 $13.56 $17.45 $11.47 $16.84 $13.23 All workers excluding sales.... 13.96 14.55 13.79 14.61 13.50 17.45 10.66 16.59 13.18 White-collar occupations....... 16.25 18.56 12.02 18.81 15.37 19.94 13.46 17.02 15.04 Professional specialty and technical occupations..... 19.61 20.30 - 20.30 19.31 - - 19.78 18.23 Professional specialty occupations............. 21.13 22.88 - 22.88 20.46 - - 19.86 19.22 Technical occupations...... 15.74 15.41 - 15.41 15.93 - - - 15.80 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations 23.08 24.81 - 25.58 22.05 27.09 17.95 23.71 21.78 Sales occupations............ 14.67 17.59 - 18.66 14.07 - 13.54 - 15.16 Administrative support including clerical occupations............... 10.92 12.79 - 12.90 10.30 13.32 8.40 11.23 9.86 Blue-collar occupations........ 12.40 12.62 13.82 12.47 11.90 15.33 10.57 - 10.65 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations.... 14.90 14.93 15.05 14.87 14.87 - 13.68 - 13.69 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 11.36 11.73 - 11.73 7.91 - - - 7.75 Transportation and material moving occupations........ 12.30 14.59 - 14.59 11.03 13.03 9.21 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.... 10.17 10.55 - 11.04 9.69 - 9.12 - 8.86 Service occupations............ 7.97 - - - 7.92 - 7.48 - 8.20 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Table 15. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group, private industry, part-time workers only(2), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 Goods-pro- ducing Service-producing industries(5) industries(4) All private Trans- Fin- Occupational group(3) industries port- Whole- ance, Manu- ation sale in- Total fac- Total and and sur- Serv- turing public retail ance, ices util- trade and ities real estate All workers........................ $7.48 $8.78 $8.49 $7.36 $8.62 $5.80 $7.62 $8.88 All workers excluding sales.... 7.77 8.87 8.49 7.65 8.62 5.61 7.62 8.99 White-collar occupations....... 8.69 9.32 - 8.67 - 6.30 7.62 10.91 Professional specialty and technical occupations..... 16.13 - - 16.50 - - - 16.50 Professional specialty occupations............. 18.09 - - 18.09 - - - 18.09 Technical occupations...... 14.54 - - 15.09 - - - 15.09 Sales occupations............ 6.16 - - 6.15 - 6.12 - - Administrative support including clerical occupations............... 7.97 - - 7.84 - 7.72 7.62 7.87 Blue-collar occupations........ 7.44 8.57 7.76 7.07 8.68 6.42 - 6.57 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 6.79 - - - - - - - Transportation and material moving occupations........ 8.29 - - 8.06 8.68 7.39 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.... 6.64 - - 6.19 - 6.13 - 6.49 Service occupations............ 5.97 - - 5.85 - 4.97 - 6.81 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay--one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates, and one-fourth earn the same as or more than the higher rate. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Table 16. Number of workers(1) by occupational group, private industry by establishment employment size, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 100 workers or more Occupational group(2) All 1 - 99 workers workers 100 - 499 500 Total workers workers or more All workers............................. 206,559 89,178 117,381 70,269 47,112 All workers excluding sales......... 187,956 76,581 111,375 65,477 45,899 White-collar occupations............ 103,377 41,834 61,543 31,954 29,589 Professional specialty and technical occupations.......... 28,522 6,247 22,275 10,246 12,029 Professional specialty occupations.................. 19,827 4,230 15,598 6,599 8,999 Technical occupations........... 8,695 2,017 6,678 3,648 3,030 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations......... 14,915 6,131 8,784 3,797 4,987 Sales occupations................. 18,603 12,597 6,006 4,792 1,214 Administrative support including clerical occupations........... 41,337 16,860 24,477 13,118 11,359 Blue-collar occupations............. 71,614 30,312 41,302 27,623 13,679 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............. 20,934 10,442 10,492 6,829 3,663 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 26,401 7,384 19,017 11,716 7,301 Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 8,342 5,734 2,608 2,089 - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.......... 15,937 6,752 9,185 6,989 2,195 Service occupations................. 31,568 17,032 14,536 10,692 3,844 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. Table 17. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group, private industry by establishment employment size, all workers(2), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 100 workers or more Occupational group(3) All 1 - 99 workers workers 100 - 499 500 Total workers workers or more All workers............................. $13.11 $11.48 $14.21 $12.36 $16.82 All workers excluding sales......... 13.20 11.34 14.35 12.48 16.90 White-collar occupations............ 15.35 13.66 16.38 14.45 18.42 Professional specialty and technical occupations.......... 19.41 16.97 20.06 18.52 21.37 Professional specialty occupations.................. 21.02 17.11 22.02 20.48 23.10 Technical occupations........... 15.61 16.67 15.31 15.07 15.62 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations......... 23.09 21.33 24.34 23.11 25.30 Sales occupations................. 12.03 12.40 11.28 10.49 13.88 Administrative support including clerical occupations........... 10.54 9.62 11.08 9.79 12.57 Blue-collar occupations............. 12.00 10.74 12.87 11.44 15.62 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............. 14.85 13.67 15.99 15.45 17.00 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 11.21 8.71 12.12 10.00 15.42 Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 11.40 10.18 14.07 13.01 - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.......... 9.51 8.26 10.30 9.21 13.42 Service occupations................. 7.19 6.55 7.84 7.53 8.54 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salary paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays, and nonproduction bonuses. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. Table 18. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group, private industry by establishment employment size, full-time workers(2) only, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 100 workers or more Occupational group(3) All 1 - 99 workers workers 100 - 499 500 Total workers workers or more All workers............................. $14.01 $12.57 $14.87 $13.14 $17.14 All workers excluding sales......... 13.96 12.21 14.93 13.15 17.21 White-collar occupations............ 16.25 14.95 16.95 15.19 18.70 Professional specialty and technical occupations.......... 19.61 17.08 20.29 18.64 21.68 Professional specialty occupations.................. 21.13 17.25 22.14 20.66 23.13 Technical occupations........... 15.74 16.68 15.46 15.18 15.90 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations......... 23.08 21.24 24.36 23.14 25.31 Sales occupations................. 14.67 15.45 13.28 12.83 14.32 Administrative support including clerical occupations........... 10.92 10.03 11.38 10.14 12.74 Blue-collar occupations............. 12.40 11.19 13.15 11.78 15.65 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............. 14.90 13.75 16.01 15.45 17.08 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 11.36 8.85 12.23 10.10 15.42 Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 12.30 11.07 14.36 13.36 - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.......... 10.17 8.64 11.00 9.94 13.50 Service occupations................. 7.97 7.12 8.74 8.81 8.59 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salary paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays, and nonproduction bonuses. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. Table 19. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group, private industry by establishment employment size, part-time workers(2) only, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, March 1996 100 workers or more Occupational group(3) All 1 - 99 workers workers 100 - 499 500 Total workers workers or more All workers............................. $7.48 $7.17 $7.92 $6.88 $11.28 All workers excluding sales......... 7.77 7.40 8.24 7.11 11.41 White-collar occupations............ 8.69 7.90 9.80 8.36 13.08 Professional specialty and technical occupations.......... 16.13 - 16.44 16.51 16.39 Professional specialty occupations.................. 18.09 - 19.17 18.01 - Technical occupations........... 14.54 - 13.97 12.66 - Sales occupations................. 6.16 6.35 5.69 5.66 - Administrative support including clerical occupations........... 7.97 7.99 7.94 7.00 9.93 Blue-collar occupations............. 7.44 7.70 6.92 6.52 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 6.79 - - - - Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 8.29 8.02 - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.......... 6.64 7.21 5.96 5.95 - Service occupations................. 5.97 5.81 6.18 5.49 8.39 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salary paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays, and nonproduction bonuses. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. Table A1. Number of establishments studied by industry group and employment size, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 100 workers or more 1 - 99 Industry All workers workers Total 100 - 499 500 workers workers or more All industries.......................... 289 150 139 100 39 Private industry..................... 252 144 108 84 24 Goods-producing industries........ 74 34 40 28 12 Manufacturing.................. 57 19 38 26 12 Mining......................... 1 1 - - - Construction................... 16 14 2 2 - Service-producing industries...... 178 110 68 56 12 Tranportation and public utilities................... 14 8 6 5 1 Wholesale and retail trade..... 67 50 17 15 2 Finance, insurance and real estate...................... 14 9 5 4 1 Services....................... 83 43 40 32 8 State and local government........... 37 6 31 16 15 Table A2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings(1) for selected occupations, all workers(2), Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA, May-June 1996 All State and Occupation(3) indus- Private local tries industry govern- ment All workers............................. 2.0% 2.3% 3.0% All workers excluding sales........... 1.9 2.2 3.0 White-collar occupations.............. 2.6 3.0 3.5 Professional specialty and technical occupations...................... 2.7 3.1 3.4 Professional specialty occupations 3.0 3.8 3.1 Technical occupations............. 2.9 3.1 - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations......... 3.7 4.1 - Financial managers.............. 12.7 12.9 - Managers and administrators, N.E.C........................ 8.4 8.7 - Management related occupations, N.E.C........................ 4.8 4.7 - Sales occupations................... 13.1 13.4 - Sales workers, other commodities 37.0 37.0 - Cashiers........................ 9.7 7.5 - Administrative support including clerical occupations............. 3.0 3.3 3.2 Secretaries..................... 5.0 5.9 - Receptionists................... 6.8 6.9 - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks.............. 9.8 10.9 - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks....................... 8.4 8.4 - Stock and inventory clerks...... 5.0 4.3 - General office clerks........... 7.1 8.0 - Administrative support occupations, N.E.C........... 5.0 5.4 - White-collar occupations excluding sales............................ 2.4 2.8 3.5 Blue-collar occupations............... 2.8 2.9 - Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 2.6 2.7 - Industrial machinery repairers.. 1.8 1.8 - Supervisors, production occupations.................. 2.3 2.4 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors....................... 5.2 5.2 - Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C........................ 8.3 8.3 - Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 6.4 7.6 - Truck drivers................... 9.3 9.6 - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............ 4.2 4.4 - Stock handlers and baggers...... 6.5 6.5 - Hand packers and packagers...... 9.3 9.3 - Laborers except construction, N.E.C........................ 10.2% 10.2% - Service occupations................... 3.1 3.2 3.3% Waiters and waitresses.......... 11.6 11.6 - Cooks........................... 5.2 5.3 - Food preparation occupations, N.E.C........................ 15.7 17.7 - Janitors and cleaners........... 6.3 6.6 5.5 Service occupations, N.E.C...... 6.9 6.7 - 1 The relative standard error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 450 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. See the technical note for a complete listing of occupations.