This chapter also is available as a PDF file.

Hardcopy versions of the full report can be ordered from the the Global Change Research Information Office online catalog.

See also:

Press release (dated 20 September 2006)

Appendix A

Federal Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment Investment Portfolio for Fiscal Years 2005 and 2006, with Budget Request Information for Fiscal Year 2007, U.S. Climate Change Technology Program

In 2003, the CCTP, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and other agencies agreed on a set of classification criteria to identify R&D activities that would be included as part of the CCTP. These criteria are provided on page A-2. The baseline information for the Federal R&D budget shown in this Appendix are for Budget Authority as Enacted for Fiscal Years 2005 and 2006, and for the Administration's Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2007. For each year, respectively, the participating Federal agencies submitted budget data for R&D activities that meet the CCTP/OMB criteria. Table A-1 is a summary table for all participating agencies. This process is updated annually. Current versions of Table A-1 may be found at the CCTP Web site. [1]

This baseline activity and resulting portfolio contribute to and are consistent with the Congressional requirement that the President report annually on Federal climate change expenditures. The multi-agency R&D baseline for CCTP constitutes the technology component of OMB's Federal Climate Change Expenditures Report to Congress. [2]

A.1 Climate Change Technology Program Classification Criteria

• Current and future reductions in or avoidances of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), [4]
• Greenhouse gas capture and/or long-term storage, including biological uptake and storage;
• Conversion of GHGs to beneficial use in ways that avoid emissions to the atmosphere;
• Monitoring and/or measurement of GHG emissions, inventories and fluxes in a variety of settings;
• Technologies that improve or displace other GHG emitting technologies, such that the result would be reduced GHG emissions compared to technologies they displace;
• Technologies that could enable or facilitate the development, deployment and use of other GHG-emissions reduction technologies;
• Technologies that alter, substitute for, or otherwise replace processes, materials, and/or feedstocks, resulting in lower net emission of GHGs;
• Technologies that mitigate the effects of climate change, enhance adaptation or resilience to climate change impacts, or potentially counterbalance the likelihood of human-induced climate change;
• Basic research activities undertaken explicitly to address a technical barrier to progress of one of the above climate change technologies; and
• GHG emission reductions resulting from clear improvements in management practices or purchasing decisions.

A.2 Climate Change Technology Program Classification Example Activities

• Electricity production technologies and associated fuel cycles with significantly reduced, little, or no net GHG emissions;
• High-quality fuels or other high-energy density and transportable carriers of energy with significantly reduced, little, or no net GHG emissions;
• Feedstocks, resources or material inputs to economic activities, which may be produced through processes or complete resource cycles with significantly reduced, little or no net GHG emissions;
• Improved processes and infrastructure for using GHG-free fuels, power, materials, and feedstocks;
• CO₂ capture, permanent storage (sometimes referred to as sequestration), and biological uptake;
• Technologies that reduce, control or eliminate emissions of non-CO₂ GHGs;
• Advances in sciences of remote sensing and other monitoring, measurement and verification technologies, including data systems and inference methods;
• Technologies that substantially reduce GHG-intensity, and therefore limit GHG emissions;
• Voluntary government/industry programs designed to directly reduce GHG emissions; and
• Programs that result in energy efficiency improvements through grants or direct technical assistance.

A.3 CCTP Participating Agencies, Budgets and Requests

Table A-1 CCTP Participating Agency � FY 2005 to FY 2007 Budgets and Requests Categorization of RDD&D Funding To Climate Change Technology (Funding, $ Millions) 5,6

[Download PDF]

[2] Fiscal Year 2007 "Federal Climate Change Expenditures Report to Congress," April 2006. This report is an account of Federal spending for climate change programs and activities, both domestic and international. The report is provided annually to Congress.

[3] In this context, "research, development, demonstration, and deployment activities" is defined as: applied research; technology development and demonstration, including prototypes, scale-ups, and full-scale plants; technical activities in support of research objectives, including instrumentation, observation and monitoring equipment and systems; research and other activities undertaken in support of technology deployment, including research on codes and standards, safety, regulation, and on understanding factors affecting commercialization and deployment; supporting basic research addressing technical barriers to progress; activities associated with program direction; and related activities such as voluntary partnerships, technical assistance/capacity building, and technology demonstration programs that directly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the near- and long-term.

[4] GHGs are gases in the Earth's atmosphere that vary in concentration and may contribute to long-term climate change. The most important GHG that arises from human activities is carbon dioxide (CO₂), resulting mainly from the oxidation of carbon-containing fuels, materials or feedstocks; cement manufacture; or other chemical or industrial processes. Other GHGs include methane from landfills, mining, agricultural production, and natural gas systems; nitrous oxide (N₂O) from industrial and agricultural activities; fluorine-containing halogenated substances (e.g., HFCs, PFCs); sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆); and other GHGs from industrial sources. Gases falling under the purview of the Montreal Protocol are excluded from this definition of GHGs.

[5] This table is consistent with the Fiscal Year 2007 "Federal Climate Change Expenditures Report to Congress" prepared by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and published in April 2006. Minor differences, if any, are due to arithmetic corrections after the OMB report was finalized and due to differences in rounding.

[6] All agency data are current, as of April 2006. Totals may not add due to rounding.

[7] In Fiscal Year 2005, $1.5M was enacted for CCTP Program Direction within DOE's EERE Program Direction account.

[8] For Fiscal Year 2006 and Fiscal Year 2007, NASA is realigning its Aeronautics Research and is no longer pursuing previously reported activities in certain vehicle systems areas.

[9] STATE and USAID activities are not included in the totals for CCTP, as they are associated expenditures promoting deployment and adoption of climate change technologies abroad. They are shown here for completeness to the extent that such activities are consistent with the criteria for inclusion in CCTP.