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Presenting a paper at the International Conference on Advanced Propulsion held in Huntsville, Ala., Drs. David Noever and Subbiah Baskaran, both of the NASA Marshall Space Sciences Laboratory, discussed the potential of spacecraft reproduction and evolution. "The next generation of spacecraft will more than likely evolve traits that their parent-ships could not have equaled," says Noever. Computers can create infinite lists of combinations to try to solve a particular problem, a process called "soft-computing." But you don't want a computer to endlessly spew out random lists of possibilities. Instead, by breeding the most successful operations, the following generations can learn from past mistakes and successively improve. This process shares some features with the biological concept of natural selection, in which the most able organisms survive in the face of environmental pressure and multiply. Survival of the fittest, when applied to computer design, is one of the ingredients for artificial intelligence.
A pattern-recognizing computer, for example, could determine
whether plastic parts could safely and effectively be substituted
for military-grade, space-hardened ceramics. Such a substitution
would save money, because plastic parts are 10 times cheaper
to produce than high-tech ceramics.
"You just have to figure there's some study time for these kinds of long-term missions," says Noever. But after a while, the craft will have read through all of its 'books' and there will be nothing left to study. And those books will become outdated long before the spacecraft completes its mission. Earth-based signals can be sent to the craft to update its library, however. Just as you can download program updates off the Internet for your computer, scientists can send new software and new hardware configurations to the distant spacecraft. In this way, the spacecraft can continue its education via correspondence course. "One surprise in developing this technology was the amount of elbow-room we have to generate improvements," says Noever. By sending the spacecraft new information, improvements can be made in on-board memory, bandwidth, power and control features, and flight software codes. This earth-to-spacecraft link works two ways, so scientists can download the spacecraft's 'homework' and use it to design better spacecraft. |
April 7, 1999: If two space scientists
have their way, the term "mother ship" will take on
a whole new meaning.
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Body by Nature, Spacecraft by NASA Nature has been evolving for millions of years, fine-tuning and improving its designs through the process of natural selection. Scientists are looking toward nature to improve spacecraft design, so the results of Earthly evolution may someday find themselves having to adapt to other worlds as well. For instance, the common dandelion evolved to aptly handle
problems in redundancy and navigation. Just as dandelion seeds
float away and plant themselves far from the source flower, the
'dandelion' spacecraft would have a pod land on a planet and
explode with thousands of tiny rovers. Right: The future of spacecraft design? Photo Credit: Roger Stockton, © 1998. Noever and Baskaran presented their paper, "Darwinian Spacecraft: Soft Computing Strategies and the Breeding of Better, Faster, Cheaper Missions," at the Tenth Annual International Conference on Advanced Propulsion. The conference runs from April 5th through the 8th at the Bevill Conference Center Hotel in Huntsville, and combines researchers from Marshall Space Flight Center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).  |
That way, if something disastrous
happened to one of the 'seedlings' there would still be many
left to carry on the mission. The mini-rovers would improve on
the dandelion design because they would each have their own 'thinking'
capacity and would be able to communicate with one another while
they're off exploring on their own. Other such 'designed by nature'
spacecraft will probably have superior capabilities in navigation,
power, and communication.|
Machine Learning
Systems
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Additional artistic impressions for this story More
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