Regulations
& Codified CSA > USC > Subchapter
I, Part D > Section 863
Section 863. Drug Paraphernalia
(a) In general
It is unlawful for any person --
(1) to sell or offer for sale drug paraphernalia;
(2) to use the mails or any other facility of interstate commerce to transport drug
paraphernalia; or
(3) to import or export drug paraphernalia.
(b) Penalties
Anyone convicted of an offense under subsection (a) of this section shall be imprisoned for
not more than three years and fined under Title 18.
(c) Seizure and forfeiture
Any drug paraphernalia involved in any violation of subsection (a) of this section shall be
subject to seizure and forfeiture upon the conviction of a person for such violation. Any such
paraphernalia shall be delivered to the Administrator of General Services, General Services
Administration, who may order such paraphernalia destroyed or may authorize its use for law
enforcement or educational purposes by Federal, State, or local authorities.
(d) "Drug Paraphernalia" defined
The term "drug paraphernalia" means any equipment, product, or material of any kind which
is primarily intended or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting,
concealing, producing, processing, preparing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise
introducing into the human body a controlled substance, possession of which is unlawful under
this subchapter. It includes items primarily intended or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or
otherwise introducing marijuana,\1\ cocaine, hashish, hashish oil, PCP,
methamphetamine, or amphetamines into the
human body, such as --
\1\ So in original. Probably should be "marihuana,''.
(1) metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without
screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
(2) water pipes;
(3) carburetion tubes and devices;
(4) smoking and carburetion masks;
(5) roach clips: meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a
marihuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(6) miniature spoons with level capacities of one-tenth cubic centimeter or less;
(7) chamber pipes;
(8) carburetor pipes;
(9) electric pipes;
(10) air-driven pipes;
(11) chillums;
(12) bongs;
(13) ice pipes or chillers;
(14) wired cigarette papers; or
(15) cocaine freebase kits.
(e) Matters considered in determination of what constitutes drug paraphernalia
In determining whether an item constitutes drug paraphernalia, in addition to all other
logically relevant factors, the following may be considered:
(1) instructions, oral or written, provided with the item concerning its use;
(2) descriptive materials accompanying the item which explain or depict its use;
(3) national and local advertising concerning its use;
(4) the manner in which the item is displayed for sale;
(5) whether the owner, or anyone in control of the item, is a legitimate supplier of
like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of
tobacco products;
(6) direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the item(s) to the total
sales of the business enterprise;
(7) the existence and scope of legitimate uses of the item in the community; and
(8) expert testimony concerning its use.
(f) Exemptions
This section shall not apply to --
(1) any person authorized by local, State, or Federal law to manufacture, possess, or
distribute such items; or
(2) any item that, in the normal lawful course of business, is imported, exported,
transported, or sold through the mail or by any other means, and traditionally
intended for use with tobacco products, including any pipe, paper, or accessory.
(Pub. L. 91-513,
title II, Sec. 422, as added and amended Pub. L. 101- 647,
title XXIV, Sec. 2401(a)-(c), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4858, 4859; Pub. L.
106-310, div. B, title XXXVI, Sec. 3614, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1230.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
References in Text.
This
subchapter, referred to in subsec. (d), was in the original "this
title", which is Title II of Pub. L. 91-513, Oct 27, 1970, 84 Stat.
1242, popularly known as the "Controlled Substances
Act". For complete classification of this Act to the Code,
see Short Title note set out under section 801 of this title and Tables.
Codification.
The text of section 857(b) to (f) of
this title, which was transferred to subsecs. (b) to (f) of this section by Pub.
L. 101-647, Sec. 2401(b), was based on Pub. L. 99-570, title I, Sec.
1822(b)-(f), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207-51; Pub. L. 100-690, title VI, Sec.
6485, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4384.
Amendments
2000--Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106-310 inserted "methamphetamine,''
after "PCP,'' in introductory provisions.
1990--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2401(c)(1), substituted "fined under
title 18'' for "fined not more than $100,000''.
Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2401(b), redesignated subsec. (b) of section 857 of this
title as subsec. (b) of this section. See Codification note above.
Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2401(b), redesignated subsecs. (c) to
(e) of section 857 of this title as subsecs. (c) to (e) of this section. See
Codification note above. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2401(c)(2), made
technical amendment to reference to "This section'' to correct reference to
corresponding provision of original act.
Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2401(b), redesignated subsec. (f) of section 857 of this
title as subsec. (f) of this section. See Codification note above.
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in section 881 of
this title; title 18 sections 1956, 3663.
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