The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; Cape Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. Following independence in 1975, and a tentative interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cape Verde continues to exhibit one of Africa's most stable democratic governments. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cape Verde's expatriate population is greater than its domestic one. Most Cape Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents.

Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal

16 00 N, 24 00 W

Africa

slightly larger than Rhode Island

0 km

965 km

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic

steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic

salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum

30 sq km (2003)

0.3 cu km (1990)

prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active

soil erosion; deforestation due to demand for wood used as fuel; water shortages; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing

strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site

429,474 (July 2009 est.)

0.561% (2009 est.)

23.5 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

6.22 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)

-11.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

3.07 children born/woman (2009 est.)

0.035% (2001 est.)

775 (2001)

225 (as of 2001)

Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%

Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs), Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)

Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)

6.3% of GDP (2006)

republic

17 municipalities (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Miguel, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal

5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Independence Day, 5 July (1975)

25 September 1992; a major revision on 23 November 1995 substantially increased the powers of the president; a 1999 revision created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)

based on the legal system of Portugal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

18 years of age; universal

unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia

African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]; Democratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Jorge SANTOS]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Isaias RODRIGUES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

five unequal horizontal bands; the top-most band of blue - equal to one half the width of the flag - is followed by three bands of white, red, and white, each equal to 1/12 of the width, and a bottom stripe of blue equal to one quarter of the flag width; a circle of 10, yellow, five-pointed stars, each representing one of the islands, is centered on the red stripe and positioned 3/8 of the length of the flag from the hoist side

This island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for about three-fourths of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of food production in GDP is low. About 82% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances supplement GDP by more than 20%. Economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Future prospects depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, the encouragement of tourism, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program. Cape Verde became a member of the WTO in July 2008.

$1.635 billion (2008 est.)

$1.542 billion (2007)

$1.443 billion (2006)

$1.845 billion (2008 est.)

6% (2008 est.)

6.9% (2007 est.)

10.8% (2006 est.)

$3,800 (2008 est.)

$3,600 (2007 est.)

$3,400 (2006 est.)

120,600 (1990)

21% (2000 est.)

30% (2000)

41.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

5% (2008 est.)

4.4% (2007 est.)

NA% (31 December 2008)

8.5% (31 December 2007)

NA% (31 December 2008)

10.55% (31 December 2007)

$NA (31 December 2008)

$574 million (31 December 2007)

$NA (31 December 2008)

$689 million (31 December 2007)

$NA (31 December 2008)

$1.049 billion (31 December 2007)

bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish

food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair

8% (2008 est.)

47 million kWh (2006 est.)

43.71 million kWh (2006 est.)

0 kWh (2007 est.)

0 kWh (2007 est.)

0 bbl/day (2007 est.)

2,117 bbl/day (2006 est.)

0 bbl/day (2005)

1,785 bbl/day (2005)

0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)

0 cu m (2007 est.)

0 cu m (2007 est.)

0 cu m (2007 est.)

0 cu m (2007 est.)

0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)

$-167 million (2008 est.)

$102 million f.o.b. (2008 est.)

fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides

Spain 37.2%, Portugal 29.9%, Morocco 7%, US 6.6% (2007)

$887 million f.o.b. (2008 est.)

foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels

Portugal 40.7%, Netherlands 10.9%, France 6.5%, Spain 5.6%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.9%, Brazil 4.7%, Italy 4.7% (2007)

$459 million (31 December 2008 est.)

$325 million (2002)

Cape Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar - 73.84 (2008 est.), 81.235 (2007), 87.946 (2006), 88.67 (2005), 88.808 (2004)

71,600 (2006)

148,000 (2007)

AM 0, FM 22 (plus 12 repeaters), shortwave 0 (2001)

1 (plus 7 repeaters) (2001)

.cv

20 (2008)

37,000 (2007)

10 (2008)

Porto Grande

People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP): Army, Coast Guard (includes maritime air wing) (2007)

18 years of age (est.) for selective compulsory military service; 14-month conscript service obligation (2006)

0.7% of GDP (2005)

none

used as a transshipment point for Latin American cocaine destined for Western Europe, particularly because of Lusophone links to Brazil, Portugal, and Guinea-Bissau; has taken steps to deter drug money laundering, including a 2002 anti-money laundering reform that criminalizes laundering the proceeds of narcotics trafficking and other crimes and the establishment in 2008 of a Financial Intelligence Unit (2008)