SERVICES RESEARCH OUTREACH SURVEY(SROS) sros8.htm

Table B-1. Percentage who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Percentage using 5 or more times
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	90.7	1,794	77.8	1,790	-13.1	*	1.6	1,787	-14	960,561

Any illicit drug	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	967,012

Marijuana	56.5	1,789	41.0	1,774	-16.0	*	1.6	1,774	-28	952,103
Cocaine	42.9	1,788	23.4	1,790	-19.5	*	2.0	1,785	-45	958,818
Crack	29.0	1,791	24.3	1,786	-4.8	*	1.6	1,784	-17	957,890
Heroin	13.8	1,791	12.0	1,788	-1.9	*	0.7	1,787	-14	959,101
Inhalants	4.3	1,787	2.0	1,782	-2.3	*	0.7	1,782	-53	958,560
PCP	4.5	1,790	1.8	1,782	-2.7	*	0.5	1,782	-60	957,052
Hallucinogens	13.1	1,788	5.7	1,778	-7.4	*	0.9	1,778	-56	955,836
Illegal methadone	2.9	1,789	2.2	1,789	-0.6		0.4	1,789	n.s.	961,428
Narcotics	8.8	1,786	6.1	1,786	-2.7	*	0.6	1,786	-31	960,152
Methamphetamines	14.3	1,789	8.1	1,781	-6.2	*	1.2	1,780	-43	958,332
Downers	14.7	1,790	7.6	1,782	-7.1	*	0.8	1,782	-48	958,638
Other	6.5	1,755	3.2	1,755	-3.4	*	0.5	1,755	-52	944,695
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-2.Percentage in inpatient treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment [SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Percentage using 5 or more times
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	91.8	697	78.7	699	-13.4	*	1.7	696	-15	355,66 5

Any illicit drug	77.7	700	58.4	700	-19.2	*	1.9	700	-25	357,95 4

Marijuana	54.8	696	36.0	690	-19.0	*	1.5	690	-35	353,16 1
Cocaine	45.2	695	23.8	697	-21.3	*	2.5	694	-47	353,29 6
Crack	36.5	698	31.2	696	-5.2	*	2.2	695	-14	355,52 3
Heroin	14.5	697	12.6	695	-1.9		1.1	695	n.s.	354,54 9
Inhalants	4.6	697	1.6	696	-3.0	*	0.7	696	-65	355,32 1
PCP	4.1	696	1.4	693	-2.8	*	0.7	693	-68	353,73 1
Hallucinogens	10.9	697	3.9	695	-7.0	*	1.2	695	-64	355,85 8
Illegal methadone	3.4	696	2.2	696	-1.2		0.8	696	n.s.	355,49 3
Narcotics	9.4	695	6.0	695	-3.4	*	1.0	695	-36	354,98 2
Methamphetamines	14.0	697	7.1	696	-6.9	*	2.0	696	-49	356,308
Downers	14.8	697	7.9	694	-7.0	*	1.0	694	-47	355,19 9
Other	8.0	680	3.5	680	-4.5	*	0.7	680	-56	348,06 4
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990 who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-3.Percentage in residential treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment [SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Percentage using 5 or more times
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	92.1	326	81.3	325	-10.8	*	2.3	325	-12	173,62 7

Any illicit drug	88.8	326	68.6	326	-20.2	*	2.5	326	-23	173,81 1

Marijuana	67.9	323	47.1	320	-21.6	*	3.1	320	-32	170,71 3
Cocaine	53.4	324	24.3	324	-29.2	*	3.9	323	-55	171,99 9
Crack	48.5	324	33.8	322	-15.3	*	4.4	321	-32	170,54 2
Heroin	9.2	323	9.0	324	-0.2		1.4	323	n.s.	172,00 6
Inhalants	7.3	324	3.1	322	-3.9		2.1	322	n.s.	170,79 4
PCP	5.4	324	1.6	321	-3.9	*	1.6	321	-72	170,58 8
Hallucinogens	19.2	322	6.5	320	-12.9	*	2.9	320	-67	169,31 7
Illegal methadone	2.2	323	1.9	323	-0.3		1.2	323	n.s.	171,95 7
Narcotics	12.3	321	9.1	321	-3.2		1.7	321	n.s.	171,30 0
Methamphetamines	23.1	323	14.9	321	-8.4	*	3.1	320	-36	170,164
Downers	19.9	323	12.5	321	-7.6	*	1.4	321	-38	171,33 5
Other	7.4	321	5.3	321	-2.1		1.1	321	n.s.	170,90 9
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-4.Percentage in outpatient methadone treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Percentage using 5 or more times
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	78.0	217	63.8	216	-14.6	*	3.4	216	-19	47,630

Any illicit drug	95.2	217	86.1	217	-9.1	*	1.8	217	-10	47,871

Marijuana	58.5	216	39.3	215	-19.4	*	3.2	215	-33	47,558
Cocaine	61.2	217	49.3	216	-12.0	*	4.4	216	-20	47,711
Crack	24.2	215	23.7	215	-0.5		5.9	215	n.s.	47,248
Heroin	82.1	216	60.1	216	-22.1	*	5.1	216	-27	47,820
Inhalants	1.6	215	1.0	213	-0.7		0.5	213	n.s.	47,180
PCP	3.4	216	0.7	215	-2.6	*	1.0	215	-76	47,662
Hallucinogens	12.4	215	3.8	214	-8.6	*	2.9	214	-69	47,507
Illegal methadone	15.4	216	10.9	216	-4.5	*	2.2	216	-29	47,820
Narcotics	17.0	216	12.4	216	-4.6	*	2.0	216	-27	47,713
Methamphetamines	11.1	215	3.1	214	-8.1	*	2.3	214	-73	47,421
Downers	28.8	216	14.7	214	-14.3	*	3.0	214	-50	46,924
Other	9.6	212	5.4	212	-4.3		2.2	212	n.s.	47,000
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-5.Percentage in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Percentage using 5 or more times
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	90.5	554	77.1	550	-13.5	*	3.2	550	-15	383,639

Any illicit drug	64.9	556	52.6	556	-12.3	*	2.6	556	-19	387,375

Marijuana	52.8	554	43.2	549	-10.2	*	2.6	549	-19	380,671
Cocaine	33.9	552	19.5	553	-14.4	*	3.0	552	-42	385,813
Crack	14.0	554	13.7	553	-0.3		2.2	553	n.s.	384,577
Heroin	6.7	555	6.7	553	-0.1		1.3	553	n.s.	384,726
Inhalants	3.0	551	1.9	551	-1.1		1.2	551	n.s.	385,266
PCP	4.5	554	2.4	553	-2.1	*	1.0	553	-47	385,072
Hallucinogens	12.5	554	7.4	549	-5.2	*	1.6	549	-42	383,155
Illegal methadone	1.1	554	1.2	554	0.1		0.6	554	n.s.	386,157
Narcotics	5.7	554	4.2	554	-1.5		2.0	554	n.s.	386,157
Methamphetamines	10.9	554	6.6	550	-4.3	*	2.3	550	-39	384,439
Downers	10.4	554	4.2	553	-6.3	*	3.1	553	-61	385,180
Other	4.4	542	1.6	542	-2.8	*	2.2	542	-64	378,721
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-6.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents who used the drug during the five years before treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	16.8	1,374	10.7	1,296	-5.5	*	0.5	1,296	-33	748,089

Marijuana	14.6	875	7.1	840	-7.1	*	0.5	840	-49	471,431
Cocaine	12.1	725	4.7	701	-7.2	*	0.5	701	-60	377,410
Crack	16.2	445	8.6	428	-7.6	*	0.8	428	-47	245,086
Heroin	21.2	312	13.4	298	-7.6	*	0.9	298	-36	120,217
Inhalants	7.7	84	1.8	84	-6.0	*	1.3	84	-78	36,510
PCP	8.8	77	2.5	77	-6.2	*	1.3	77	-70	40,236
Hallucinogens	4.5	232	1.7	229	-2.8	*	0.7	229	-62	121,655
Illegal methadone	8.3	74	3.2	74	-5.1	*	1.5	74	-61	26,738
Narcotics	10.5	163	4.4	159	-5.8	*	0.9	159	-55	77,093
Methamphetamines	12.0	249	3.7	242	-8.0	*	1.1	242	-67	128,597
Downers	10.1	276	5.0	272	-5.2	*	0.7	272	-51	130,167
Other	15.0	105	4.7	103	-10.4	*	1.5	103	-69	56,449
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-7. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in inpatient treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	18.2	546	11.6	509	-6.1	*	0.8	508	-34	263,618

Marijuana	14.6	319	5.7	308	-8.5	*	0.7	308	-58	160,952
Cocaine	13.7	268	5.3	261	-8.1	*	0.6	261	-59	141,104
Crack	16.5	193	10.0	188	-6.6	*	0.7	188	-40	108,069
Heroin	22.3	87	13.8	83	-8.4	*	1.1	83	-38	44,825
Inhalants	12.2	35	2.5	35	-9.7	*	2.5	35	-80	13,719
PCP	10.2	24	3.2	24	-6.9	*	1.1	24	-68	13,301
Hallucinogens	4.8	76	1.9	76	-2.9	*	1.0	76	-60	37,230
Illegal methadone	8.9	22	2.5	22	-6.5	*	1.9	22	-73	11,969
Narcotics	8.4	52	3.9	52	-4.5	*	1.0	52	-54	29,032
Methamphetamines	13.3	90	3.5	87	-9.5	*	1.0	87	-71	43,472
Downers	11.7	94	5.1	92	-6.8	*	1.2	92	-58	49,512
Other	13.3	49	4.5	48	-8.6	*	1.7	48	-65	24,528
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-8.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in residential treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	18.2	246	12.3	228	-5.5	*	1.1	228	-30	120,690

Marijuana	15.8	186	8.1	179	-7.3	*	1.3	179	-46	96,774
Cocaine	9.8	153	3.1	148	-6.3	*	1.1	148	-64	83,049
Crack	18.7	129	7.3	121	-11.0	*	1.5	121	-59	69,289
Heroin	17.7	30	12.2	28	-5.2	*	2.0	28	-29	13,795
Inhalants	5.6	22	1.3	22	-4.3	*	1.0	22	-77	10,297
PCP	9.3	20	0.2	20	-9.1	*	4.0	20	-98	9,238
Hallucinogens	4.8	64	1.2	62	-3.6	*	1.1	62	-75	31,181
Illegal methadone	3.2	6	3.5	6	0.3		2.9	6	n.a.	3,847
Narcotics	10.1	36	4.1	35	-5.5	*	1.9	35	-54	18,777
Methamphetamines	10.8	64	3.4	62	-6.9	*	1.4	62	-64	36,498
Downers	6.7	64	4.3	63	-2.5	*	0.8	63	-37	32,108
Other	14.7	21	8.2	20	-7.2	*	2.2	20	-49	10,765
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-9.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient methadone treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	14.9	141	10.5	139	-4.3	*	1.8	139	-29	32,673

Marijuana	13.2	102	5.5	98	-7.2	*	1.3	98	-55	24,471
Cocaine	13.8	116	8.2	108	-5.7	*	1.2	108	-41	24,122
Crack	11.9	45	7.3	41	-4.6	*	1.1	41	-39	10,326
Heroin	24.4	156	14.8	148	-9.4	*	1.2	148	-39	33,791
Inhalants	11.7	3	4.8	3	-6.9		6.4	3	n.a.	775
PCP	7.9	9	0.8	9	-7.1	*	3.2	9	n.a.	1,567
Hallucinogens	3.0	23	0.6	23	-2.3	*	0.6	23	-77	5,897
Illegal methadone	8.7	37	4.4	37	-4.3	*	1.9	37	-49	6,960
Narcotics	12.9	37	4.0	36	-9.0	*	2.2	36	-70	7,695
Methamphetamines	11.2	25	1.8	25	-9.4	*	3.1	25	-84	5,312
Downers	9.7	57	3.5	56	-6.2	*	1.0	56	-64	12,882
Other	20.4	13	12.6	13	-7.8	*	3.1	13	n.a.	3,726
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-10. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	15.0	441	9.3	420	-5.2	*	9.3	420	-35	285,078

Marijuana	14.1	268	8.0	255	-5.7	*	1.1	255	-40	16,800
Cocaine	11.6	188	4.3	184	-7.2	*	1.0	184	-62	118,051
Crack	13.0	78	7.7	78	-5.3	*	1.8	78	-41	48,232
Heroin	16.1	39	11.1	39	-5.0		2.6	39	n.s.	23,448
Inhalants	4.2	24	1.1	24	-3.1	*	1.4	24	-74	11,719
PCP	7.4	24	3.5	24	-3.9		2.1	24	n.s.	16,130
Hallucinogens	4.2	69	2.1	68	-2.1		1.4	68	n.s.	45,360
Illegal methadone	10.9	9	3.3	9	-7.6		7.0	9	n.a.	3,962
Narcotics	13.0	38	5.4	36	-6.6	*	2.2	36	-51	19,708
Methamphetamines	11.9	70	4.3	68	-7.0	*	2.6	68	-59	39,905
Downers	11.3	61	6.2	61	-5.1		2.2	61	n.s.	34,307
Other	16.6	22	0.8	22	-15.8	*	3.1	22	-95	16,027
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-11. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents who used the drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	15.7	1,123	13.3	1,045	-2.4	*	0.4	1,045	-15	537,084

Marijuana	15.2	560	10.9	525	-4.3	*	0.6	525	-28	292,921
Cocaine	13.7	342	10.8	318	-2.9	*	0.7	318	-21	158,608
Crack	16.7	260	15.0	243	-1.8	*	0.8	243	-11	136,078
Heroin	23.1	212	21.3	198	-1.8		0.9	198	n.s.	72,740
Inhalants	7.2	20	7.6	20	0.4		3.4	20	n.s.	8,492
PCP	15.8	18	11.1	18	-4.6		2.8	18	n.a.	9,208
Hallucinogens	5.5	65	5.9	62	0.5		1.3	62	n.s.	35,400
Illegal methadone	5.5	32	8.2	32	2.6	*	1.2	32	47	10,616
Narcotics	11.3	81	9.0	77	-2.2		1.2	77	n.s.	36,492
Methamphetamines	11.7	91	9.5	84	-2.2		1.4	84	n.s.	48,510
Downers	12.0	130	10.7	126	-1.3		1.2	126	n.s.	60,553
Other	15.9	33	14.7	31	-1.2		1.2	31	n.s.	17,624
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-12.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in inpatient treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	17.9	449	14.1	412	-3.0	*	0.7	412	-17	215,981

Marijuana	16.3	193	9.6	182	-6.2	*	0.8	182	-38	96,405
Cocaine	15.3	117	12.1	110	-2.4	*	0.9	110	-16	61,633
Crack	16.4	128	15.3	123	-1.4		0.8	123	n.s.	70,975
Heroin	24.8	56	21.9	52	-3.1	*	1.0	52	-13	28,262
Inhalants	15.9	5	15.8	5	-0.1		13.0	5	n.a.	2,195
PCP	18.9	6	13.2	6	-5.7		5.0	6	n.a.	3,263
Hallucinogens	8.5	17	8.0	17	-0.5		2.6	17	n.a.	8,832
Illegal methadone	5.9	8	6.4	8	0.5		0.5	8	n.a.	4,606
Narcotics	9.9	22	8.4	22	-1.5		1.2	22	n.s.	13,593
Methamphetamines	12.9	31	10.3	28	-1.9		1.6	28	n.s.	14,896
Downers	13.9	42	12.2	40	-2.2		2.1	40	n.s.	20,777
Other	16.0	16	13.5	15	-2.0		2.4	15	n.a.	8,213
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-13.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in residential treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	18.2	213	14.5	195	-3.2	*	1.0	195	-18	102,64 0

Marijuana	17.3	123	12.9	116	-4.0	*	1.5	116	-23	60,765
Cocaine	12.4	67	8.0	62	-3.6	*	1.7	62	-29	32,387
Crack	20.5	62	16.8	54	-3.3	*	1.5	54	-16	30,148
Heroin	20.1	17	21.1	15	1.3	*	0.6	15	n.a.	8,000
Inhalants	4.2	7	4.6	7	0.4		0.4	7	n.a.	2,918
PCP	17.2	3	1.2	3	-16.0	*	7.6	3	n.a.	1,328
Hallucinogens	5.3	17	5.7	15	0.4		2.5	15	n.a.	6,618
Illegal methadone	8.0	1	26.0	1	18.0		0.0	1	n.a.	521
Narcotics	10.5	19	7.9	18	-1.7		2.0	18	n.a.	9,845
Methamphetamines	11.6	27	7.2	25	-3.5		1.9	25	n.s.	17,491
Downers	8.0	33	7.7	32	-0.4		0.7	32	n.s.	17,798
Other	17.5	8	18.7	7	-0.9		1.7	3	n.a.	4,705
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-14.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient methadone treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	15.5	105	13.6	103	-1.7		1.9	103	n.s.	25,143

Marijuana	15.7	56	9.3	52	-5.7	*	2.0	52	-36	14,645
Cocaine	15.6	78	11.9	70	-4.0	*	1.7	70	-26	16,596
Crack	15.3	25	13.8	21	-1.7		1.4	21	n.s.	5,456
Heroin	26.2	115	21.9	107	-4.0	*	1.0	107	-15	22,863
Inhalants	8.0	1	8.0	1	0.0		0.0	1	n.a.	465
PCP	3.5	2	4.2	2	0.7		0.9	2	n.a.	311
Hallucinogens	3.5	5	2.4	5	-1.1		1.0	5	n.a.	1,562
Illegal methadone	6.3	18	9.4	18	3.1		2.1	18	n.a.	3,281
Narcotics	13.6	21	6.9	20	-7.0	*	3.1	20	-51	4,488
Methamphetamines	23.6	6	9.5	6	-14.0	*	4.5	6	n.a.	977
Downers	11.2	27	7.8	26	-3.4		1.9	26	n.s.	5,745
Other	24.0	5	24.0	5	0.0		0.0	5	n.a.	1,960
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-15.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	14.2	356	11.9	335	-1.6	*	0.7	335	-11	223,32 0

Marijuana	14.3	188	11.1	175	-2.7	*	0.8	175	-19	121,10 7
Cocaine	13.5	80	10.7	76	-2.8		1.6	76	n.s.	47,992
Crack	13.7	45	12.6	45	-1.1		1.3	45	n.s.	29,499
Heroin	16.2	24	19.1	24	2.9		1.9	24	n.s.	13,615
Inhalants	3.7	7	4.5	7	0.8		1.0	7	n.a.	2,915
PCP	13.8	7	13.1	7	-0.7		2.4	7	n.a.	4,306
Hallucinogens	4.2	26	5.3	25	1.1		2.0	25	n.s.	18,334
Illegal methadone	3.1	5	5.9	5	2.7		1.7	5	n.a.	2,208
Narcotics	15.7	19	12.5	17	-1.5		3.9	17	n.a.	8,566
Methamphetamines	13.1	27	11.4	25	-0.2		3.0	25	n.s.	15,146
Downers	13.3	28	13.1	28	-0.2		3.6	28	n.s.	16,233
Other	4.9	4	4.9	4	0.0		0.0	4	n.a.	2,746
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-16.Percentage who used alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using alcohol 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	90.7	1,794	77.8	1,790	-13.1	*	1.6	1787	-14	960,561
Sex
Male	1,251	93.7	1,247	80.4	1,243	-13.5	*	1.9	1,241	-14	685,381
Female	548	83.0	547	71.4	547	-12.0	*	2.5	546	-14	275,180
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	91.8	1,100	78.9	1,097	-13.2	*	1.6	1,096	-14	578,018
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	88.4	495	79.4	495	-9.1	*	2.2	493	-10	270,645
Hispanic	137	90.5	137	66.2	136	-24.6	*	5.7	136	-27	79,289
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	80.2	155	92.0	153	10.8	*	2.8	153	13	76,377
18 - 29	674	90.9	673	79.1	671	-12.1	*	1.9	670	-13	378,769
30 - 39	660	92.5	657	78.1	657	-14.5	*	1.9	655	-16	344,275
40 +	309	90.9	309	67.3	309	-23.6	*	2.9	309	-26	161,141
Education
1 to 9 years	306	91.7	304	77.6	304	-14.3	*	4.2	303	-16	172,361
10 to 11 years	487	90.5	486	77.8	483	-13.0	*	2.2	482	-14	265,930
12 years or GED	517	93.3	516	81.4	515	-12.2	*	1.9	515	-13	269,842
College/grad school	486	87.6	485	74.3	485	-13.3	*	2.6	484	-15	249,788
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	91.8	697	78.7	699	-13.4	*	1.7	696	-15	355,665
Residential	326	92.1	326	81.3	325	-10.8	*	2.3	325	-12	173,627
Outpatient methadone	217	78.0	217	63.8	216	-14.6	*	3.4	216	-19	47,630
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	90.5	554	77.1	550	-13.5	*	3.2	550	-15	383,639
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	97.5	1,115	82.4	1,114	-15.1	*	2.1	1,112	-15	617,920
Marijuana	443	93.6	441	81.4	441	-12.2	*	2.4	440	-13	247,956
Cocaine	443	91.1	432	78.3	430	-13.3	*	2.0	430	-15	221,756
Crack	382	90.3	379	78.3	380	-12.1	*	1.8	378	-13	210,812
Heroin	315	80.8	315	71.0	314	-10.0	*	2.3	314	-12	109,496
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	92.4	521	81.0	520	-11.7	*	3.6	519	-13	309,388
Health problems	437	92.7	436	75.3	437	-17.5	*	2.0	436	-19	223,898
Relationship problems	837	92.0	835	77.4	833	-14.8	*	2.2	831	-16	438,974
Pressure from employer	132	95.9	132	79.4	131	-16.5	*	3.4	131	-17	65,448
Financial problems	501	94.7	499	78.1	499	-16.6	*	2.1	497	-18	253,295
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	91.9	296	83.9	297	-8.6	*	1.9	295	-9	177,405
1 week - less than 1 month	473	90.2	472	79.0	471	-11.3	*	1.9	470	-13	237,393
1 month - less than 6 months	661	90.4	660	78.1	657	-12.6	*	2.7	657	-14	355,565
6 months or more	345	90.1	345	67.7	344	-22.3	*	3.6	344	-25	173,379
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	92.8	1,187	76.3	1,184	-16.6	*	1.8	1,182	-18	650,378
Treatment not completed	507	86.5	506	80.7	506	-5.9	*	2.0	505	-7	257,320
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	91.2	758	69.9	754	-21.5	*	2.8	754	-24	411,243
Somewhat/not helpful	977	90.8	974	83.8	975	-7.0	*	1.5	972	-8	515,211
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	90.0	530	72.0	528	-18.3	*	3.3	527	-20	313,339
1-2	708	89.9	707	80.9	705	-9.2	*	1.5	705	-10	366,036
3 or more	525	92.7	522	80.7	522	-12.1	*	1.5	520	-13	259,685
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	90.1	982	77.9	978	-12.5	*	2.3	977	-14	551,922
1-2	553	91.5	551	79.2	552	-12.5	*	1.7	550	-14	275,614
3 or more	244	91.5	243	74.7	242	-16.8	*	2.4	242	-18	121,732
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	90.3	837	71.3	834	-19.2	*	2.2	833	-21	483,632
1 or more	943	91.2	940	84.6	939	-6.8	*	1.5	937	-7	467,696
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-17. Percentage who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using any illicit drug 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	967,012
Sex
Male	1,251	73.4	1,251	60.6	1,251	-12.8	*	1.5	1,251	-17	690,409
Female	548	80.4	548	56.0	548	-24.3	*	2.4	548	-30	276,602
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	76.3	1,101	59.5	1,101	-16.8	*	2.0	1,101	-22	580,081
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	81.5	499	63.2	499	-18.4	*	2.5	499	-23	274,062
Hispanic	137	49.5	137	40.5	137	-9.0	*	2.7	137	-18	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	71.1	156	73.9	156	2.9		4.6	156	n.s.	77,605
18 - 29	674	85.9	674	68.2	674	-17.7	*	1.9	674	-21	381,351
30 - 39	660	81.2	660	60.2	660	-20.9	*	2.4	660	-26	346,915
40 +	309	40.4	309	29.2	309	-11.2	*	1.9	309	-28	161,141
Education
1 to 9 years	306	64.7	306	52.3	306	-12.3	*	2.8	306	-19	173,263
10 to 11 years	487	83.0	487	66.7	487	-16.3	*	3.2	487	-20	268,639
12 years or GED	517	75.2	517	60.0	517	-15.2	*	2.4	517	-20	271,705
College/grad school	486	75.0	486	55.2	486	-19.8	*	3.1	486	-26	250,764
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	77.7	700	58.4	700	-19.2	*	1.9	700	-25	357,954
Residential	326	88.8	326	68.6	326	-20.2	*	2.5	326	-23	173,811
Outpatient methadone	217	95.0	217	86.1	217	-9.1	*	1.8	217	-10	47,871
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	64.9	556	52.6	556	-12.3	*	2.6	556	-19	387,375
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	67.4	1,117	53.1	1,117	-14.3	*	1.9	1,117	-21	620,447
Marijuana	443	96.9	443	81.6	443	-15.3	*	2.3	443	-16	248,801
Cocaine	443	98.3	443	77.0	443	-21.3	*	2.8	443	-22	223,167
Crack	382	99.2	382	75.4	382	-23.8	*	2.1	382	-24	212,232
Heroin	315	98.4	315	87.2	315	-11.2	*	2.6	315	-11	109,737
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	73.0	522	62.0	522	-11.0	*	2.6	522	-15	310,717
Health problems	437	74.7	437	58.0	437	-16.7	*	2.7	437	-22	224,300
Relationship problems	837	80.9	837	65.0	837	-15.9	*	1.7	837	-20	442,636
Pressure from employer	132	79.4	132	59.9	132	-19.6	*	4.2	132	-25	65,959
Financial problems	501	85.9	501	70.0	501	-15.9	*	1.8	501	-19	255,805
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	77.8	299	62.4	299	-15.5	*	2.3	299	-20	180,093
1 week - less than 1 month	473	80.2	473	60.7	473	-19.5	*	2.2	473	-24	238,656
1 month - less than 6 months	661	73.3	661	61.0	661	-12.3	*	2.8	661	-17	357,879
6 months or more	345	69.7	345	49.2	345	-20.5	*	2.9	345	-29	173,563
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	73.8	1,190	55.6	1,190	-18.2	*	2.0	1,190	-25	654,323
Treatment not completed	507	83.8	507	71.5	507	-12.3	*	2.4	507	-15	257,962
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	73.2	759	52.6	759	-20.6	*	2.1	759	-28	413,126
Somewhat/not helpful	977	78.7	977	65.9	977	-12.8	*	1.6	977	-16	517,915
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	61.9	531	42.3	531	-19.5	*	2.9	531	-32	316,289
1-2	708	80.3	708	65.3	708	-15.1	*	1.8	708	-19	368,042
3 or more	525	87.9	525	73.6	525	-14.4	*	2.0	525	-16	261,179
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	71.0	984	56.0	984	-15.0	*	2.1	984	-21	556,878
1-2	553	82.2	553	63.4	553	-18.7	*	2.1	553	-23	276,831
3 or more	244	85.4	244	68.3	244	-17.0	*	3.4	244	-20	122,008
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	66.0	839	45.3	839	-20.7	*	2.4	839	-31	486,859
1 or more	943	85.9	943	74.3	943	-11.6	*	1.5	943	-14	470,919
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-18. Percentage who used marijuana during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using marijuana 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	56.5	1,789	41.0	1,774	-16.0	*	1.6	1774	-28	952,103
Sex
Male	1,251	58.3	1,245	44.6	1,233	-14.3	*	1.6	1,233	-25	678,503
Female	548	52.2	544	32.1	541	-20.3	*	2.5	541	-39	273,600
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	60.0	1,098	44.1	1,090	-16.1	*	1.9	1,090	-27	575,168
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	53.7	492	37.2	485	-17.8	*	2.2	485	-33	264,795
Hispanic	137	37.6	137	24.3	137	-13.2	*	3.1	137	-35	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	67.8	156	69.5	156	1.7		4.6	156	n.s.	77,605
18 - 29	674	66.3	672	51.6	667	-15.0	*	2.2	667	-23	377,636
30 - 39	660	57.1	656	35.1	649	-22.7	*	2.5	649	-40	341,290
40 +	309	26.4	305	14.3	302	-12.7	*	2.1	302	-48	155,571
Education
1 to 9 years	306	48.4	304	36.6	301	-12.5	*	3.1	301	-26	169,899
10 to 11 years	487	60.6	485	44.9	479	-16.6	*	2.4	479	-27	264,029
12 years or GED	517	58.5	514	45.0	512	-13.6	*	2.5	512	-23	267,865
College/grad school	486	55.5	483	35.3	479	-20.5	*	2.7	479	-37	247,669
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	54.8	696	36.0	690	-19.0	*	1.5	690	-35	353,161
Residential	326	67.9	323	47.1	320	-21.6	*	3.1	320	-32	170,713
Outpatient methadone	217	58.5	216	39.3	215	-19.4	*	3.2	215	-33	47,558
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	52.8	554	43.2	549	-10.2	*	2.6	549	-19	380,671
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	54.1	1,110	40.1	1,099	-14.5	*	1.9	1,099	-27	610,531
Marijuana	443	95.7	441	78.1	441	-17.7	*	2.2	441	-18	248,497
Cocaine	443	71.2	429	50.7	428	-20.7	*	2.8	428	-29	221,256
Crack	382	70.3	378	45.9	375	-25.0	*	2.7	375	-36	208,461
Heroin	315	58.9	312	38.0	310	-21.5	*	2.6	310	-37	107,088
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	61.1	519	49.1	516	-12.5	*	2.8	516	-20	306,403
Health problems	437	56.1	434	37.8	431	-18.4	*	3.0	431	-33	222,156
Relationship problems	837	60.0	834	44.3	827	-16.3	*	1.6	827	-27	437,207
Pressure from employer	132	51.1	132	39.8	132	-11.3	*	3.8	132	-22	65,959
Financial problems	501	67.7	497	46.7	495	-21.2	*	2.1	495	-31	252,217
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	54.3	296	38.0	295	-16.1	*	2.2	295	-30	177,819
1 week - less than 1 month	473	57.8	472	36.9	466	-21.8	*	2.5	466	-38	234,422
1 month - less than 6 months	661	57.1	657	47.6	652	-10.0	*	2.7	652	-18	352,643
6 months or more	345	53.6	343	34.6	340	-19.7	*	3.5	340	-37	170,399
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	54.5	1,185	38.2	1,174	-16.9	*	1.8	1,174	-31	644,497
Treatment not completed	507	64.2	503	50.4	500	-14.1	*	2.2	500	-22	253,986
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	52.9	753	33.0	744	-20.6	*	2.2	744	-39	404,392
Somewhat/not helpful	977	60.4	974	48.2	968	-12.6	*	1.8	968	-21	512,652
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	48.8	528	34.5	521	-15.1	*	2.8	521	-31	309,405
1-2	708	59.6	706	45.0	701	-15.1	*	2.0	701	-25	363,710
3 or more	525	63.5	522	45.0	519	-18.6	*	2.1	519	-29	258,878
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	54.1	977	40.8	967	-13.9	*	2.2	967	-26	545,856
1-2	553	61.4	552	43.4	549	-18.3	*	2.1	549	-30	274,586
3 or more	244	60.0	242	38.9	240	-21.2	*	2.8	240	-35	120,367
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	52.1	836	35.2	827	-17.6	*	2.1	827	-34	478,489
1 or more	943	61.8	936	47.7	930	-14.4	*	1.8	930	-23	464,381
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-19. Percentage who used cocaine during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using cocaine 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	42.9	1,788	23.4	1,790	-19.5	*	2.0	1,785	-45	958,818
Sex
Male	1,251	42.2	1,244	23.8	1,246	-18.4	*	2.2	1,242	-44	684,821
Female	548	44.7	544	22.4	544	-22.3	*	2.6	543	-50	273,998
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	45.5	1,096	23.9	1,097	-21.6	*	2.7	1,095	-47	576,695
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	41.2	495	23.0	495	-18.2	*	2.9	493	-44	271,053
Hispanic	137	30.5	136	21.6	137	-9.4	*	3.6	136	-31	79,065
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	20.2	155	28.8	156	8.5		5.1	155	n.s.	77,439
18 - 29	674	49.1	671	25.8	672	-23.3	*	3.2	671	-47	379,065
30 - 39	660	48.9	656	25.0	655	-24.0	*	2.4	653	-49	343,156
40 +	309	26.2	306	12.0	307	-14.4	*	2.7	306	-55	159,158
Education
1 to 9 years	306	37.2	302	25.5	303	-11.8	*	3.6	302	-32	171,868
10 to 11 years	487	47.0	485	23.7	485	-23.2	*	3.0	484	-49	267,176
12 years or GED	517	42.1	515	23.9	515	-18.4	*	2.7	514	-44	269,680
College/grad school	486	43.5	483	21.5	484	-22.0	*	3.6	482	-51	247,454
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	45.2	695	23.8	697	-21.3	*	2.5	694	-47	353,296
Residential	326	53.4	324	24.3	324	-29.2	*	3.9	323	-55	171,999
Outpatient methadone	217	61.2	217	49.3	217	-12.0	*	4.4	216	-20	47,711
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	33.9	552	19.5	553	-14.4	*	3.0	552	-42	385,813
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	37.9	1,112	19.6	1,114	-18.4	*	2.4	1,111	-49	617,219
Marijuana	443	48.5	443	27.4	442	-21.2	*	3.8	442	-44	248,641
Cocaine	443	92.8	428	54.2	430	-38.5	*	3.4	426	-41	219,797
Crack	382	54.8	377	22.7	379	-31.9	*	4.0	377	-58	209,263
Heroin	315	71.1	313	47.3	313	-23.4	*	2.9	312	-33	108,102
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	42.8	520	26.2	520	-16.6	*	3.8	520	-39	308,878
Health problems	437	43.7	435	20.9	436	-22.9	*	2.3	435	-52	223,675
Relationship problems	837	46.1	832	24.7	834	-21.5	*	2.6	831	-47	439,938
Pressure from employer	132	48.2	132	23.2	132	-25.0	*	5.4	132	-52	65,959
Financial problems	501	53.8	497	27.5	498	-26.4	*	2.1	497	-49	253,944
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	47.0	296	26.6	296	-20.7	*	3.1	295	-44	178,052
1 week - less than 1 month	473	48.0	470	22.8	470	-25.2	*	2.9	468	-53	236,009
1 month - less than 6 months	661	39.3	657	25.0	659	-14.3	*	3.0	657	-36	355,161
6 months or more	345	37.3	344	15.5	344	-21.8	*	2.9	344	-58	172,776
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	42.6	1,182	20.8	1,185	-21.7	*	2.4	1,181	-51	647,728
Treatment not completed	507	46.7	504	30.6	503	-16.2	*	2.6	502	-35	256,365
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	41.3	753	17.2	754	-24.0	*	2.5	753	-58	409,359
Somewhat/not helpful	977	44.8	972	28.4	973	-16.5	*	2.5	969	-37	513,489
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	33.4	527	14.7	527	-18.9	*	3.2	526	-57	313,672
1-2	708	43.4	706	25.0	706	-18.5	*	2.5	704	-43	365,791
3 or more	525	55.1	421	32.5	423	-22.4	*	2.2	421	-41	258,642
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	40.0	978	20.9	977	-19.2	*	2.8	976	-48	552,501
1-2	553	44.3	551	24.7	552	-19.6	*	2.3	550	-44	275,087
3 or more	244	57.2	241	34.1	243	-22.5	*	2.5	241	-39	119,936
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	35.0	833	14.8	834	-20.2	*	2.9	831	-58	482,366
1 or more	943	51.5	938	32.5	939	-19.0	*	2.0	937	-37	467,220
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990 who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-20 Percentage who used crack during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using crack 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	29.0	1,791	24.3	1,786	-4.8	*	1.6	1784	-17	957,890
Sex
Male	1,251	27.5	1,248	24.1	1,243	-3.5	*	1.7	1,243	-13	685,167
Female	548	32.9	543	24.8	543	-8.0	*	2.8	541	-24	272,723
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	20.4	1,099	18.5	1,093	-1.9		1.5	1,093	n.s.	575,142
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	52.9	493	40.6	494	-12.3	*	3.7	492	-23	270,609
Hispanic	137	13.7	137	13.4	137	-0.3		3.1	137	n.s.	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	5.1	156	15.4	156	10.3	*	3.6	156	202	77,605
18 - 29	674	35.2	671	28.2	668	-7.0	*	2.1	668	-20	378,275
30 - 39	660	34.2	657	27.5	655	-6.9	*	2.8	653	-20	342,387
40 +	309	15.0	307	12.5	307	-2.4		2.0	307	n.s.	159,623
Education
1 to 9 years	306	21.6	306	22.7	304	1.0		2.7	304	n.s.	172,603
10 to 11 years	487	33.6	484	28.2	484	-5.7	*	2.9	483	-17	266,668
12 years or GED	517	26.0	515	22.3	514	-3.6		2.4	514	n.s.	269,137
College/grad school	486	32.9	483	23.7	481	-9.3	*	2.8	480	-28	246,840
(page 1 of 3)
Table B-20 Percentage who used crack during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Residential	326	48.5	324	33.8	322	-15.3	*	4.4	321	-32	170,542
Outpatient methadone	217	24.2	215	23.7	215	-0.5		5.9	215	n.s.	47,248
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	14.0	554	13.7	553	-0.3		2.2	553	n.s.	384,577
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	22.7	1,112	21.1	1,110	-1.8		1.7	1,108	n.s.	614,420
Marijuana	443	23.6	443	21.3	440	-2.4		3.0	440	n.s.	247,306
Cocaine	443	43.2	431	35.2	430	-7.9	*	3.4	429	-18	220,786
Crack	382	90.6	380	64.1	381	-26.4	*	3.3	379	-29	210,659
Heroin	315	33.7	313	26.6	313	-7.1		4.1	313	n.s.	109,114
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	22.3	520	21.1	518	-1.4		2.7	518	n.s.	307,446
Health problems	437	28.4	436	21.2	435	-7.0	*	2.8	435	-25	223,230
Relationship problems	837	35.2	834	29.4	833	-5.9	*	2.1	832	-17	439,592
Pressure from employer	132	28.4	132	25.5	132	-2.8		3.4	132	n.s.	65,959
Financial problems	501	39.7	499	33.5	500	-6.3	*	1.9	499	-16	254,241
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	36.5	297	32.2	296	-4.1		2.7	296	n.s.	178,252
1 week - less than 1 month	473	39.1	470	27.8	469	-11.7	*	2.9	467	-30	234,876
1 month - less than 6 months	661	25.0	660	23.4	658	-1.4		2.5	658	n.s.	356,159
6 months or more	345	16.9	343	12.8	342	-4.2		2.8	342	n.s.	171,782
(page 2 of 3)
Table B-20 Percentage who used crack during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Treatment not completed	507	34.2	507	28.6	506	-5.4	*	2.3	506	-16	257,358
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	31.5	756	25.5	755	-5.9	*	2.8	755	-19	411,065
Somewhat/not helpful	977	27.8	973	23.6	969	-4.2	*	1.8	967	-15	511,765
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	20.0	529	12.6	528	-7.4	*	2.4	528	-37	314,281
1-2	708	29.7	706	26.4	704	-3.4		2.3	704	n.s.	365,791
3 or more	525	40.2	522	36.5	521	-3.8		2.6	519	n.s.	257,708
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	26.5	979	22.7	978	-3.8		2.0	978	n.s.	553,014
1-2	553	31.2	551	25.5	547	-5.8	*	2.3	546	-19	273,007
3 or more	244	37.6	243	30.0	243	-7.7	*	3.6	242	-20	120,576
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	22.6	836	14.6	834	-8.0	*	2.2	833	-35	483,356
1 or more	943	36.2	938	34.7	935	-1.5		2.0	934	n.s.	465,302
(page 3 of 3)
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and

Table B-21. Percentage who used heroin during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using heroin 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	13.8	1,791	12.0	1,788	-1.9	*	0.7	1787	-14	959,101
Sex
Male	1,251	12.9	1,244	11.7	1,242	-1.3		0.9	1,241	n.s.	684,063
Female	548	15.9	547	12.6	546	-3.3	*	1.3	546	-21	275,039
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	12.2	1,097	10.4	1,096	-1.8		0.9	1,096	n.s.	577,497
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	18.4	496	15.1	496	-3.4	*	1.1	495	-18	271,310
Hispanic	137	10.7	137	14.0	137	3.3		2.2	137	n.s.	79,065
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	1.6	156	6.5	156	4.9		2.7	156	n.s.	77,605
18 - 29	674	11.2	671	10.2	671	-1.0		1.0	671	n.s.	379,909
30 - 39	660	20.6	658	16.6	656	-4.0	*	1.5	656	-19	344,112
40 +	309	11.1	306	8.5	305	-2.7	*	0.9	304	-24	157,476
Education
1 to 9 years	306	11.9	302	11.9	301	0.0		1.7	301	n.s.	170,167
10 to 11 years	487	15.7	487	12.7	487	-3.0		1.7	487	n.s.	268,639
12 years or GED	517	12.3	515	11.0	512	-1.4		1.4	512	n.s.	268,274
College/grad school	486	14.5	484	12.4	485	-2.1		1.4	484	n.s.	249,380
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	14.5	697	12.6	695	-1.9		1.2	695	n.s.	354,549
Residential	326	9.2	323	9.0	324	-0.2		1.4	324	n.s.	172,006
Outpatient methadone	217	82.1	216	60.1	216	-22.1	*	3.4	216	-27	47,820
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	6.7	555	6.7	553	-0.1		3.2	553	n.s.	384,726
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	9.1	1,112	7.1	1,109	-2.0	*	0.8	1,108	-22	613,657
Marijuana	443	7.9	443	7.7	442	-0.2		1.1	442	n.s.	248,025
Cocaine	443	23.0	433	22.1	431	-1.0		2.1	431	n.s.	222,191
Crack	382	13.1	378	9.3	379	-3.8	*	1.5	378	-29	209,962
Heroin	315	92.6	315	74.7	315	-17.9	*	3.5	315	-19	109,737
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	11.4	520	11.5	520	0.2		1.2	520	n.s.	308,878
Health problems	437	17.4	435	16.1	434	-1.4		1.8	434	n.s.	222,319
Relationship problems	837	14.8	834	13.1	832	-1.8		0.8	831	n.s.	438,462
Pressure from employer	132	12.4	132	11.8	131	-0.7		3.1	131	n.s.	65,183
Financial problems	501	20.9	500	19.4	499	-1.5		1.6	499	n.s.	254,288
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	16.5	295	14.7	294	-1.8		1.3	294	n.s.	177,044
1 week - less than 1 month	473	16.7	472	13.9	473	-2.7		1.4	472	n.s.	238,059
1 month - less than 6 months	661	9.7	660	9.5	658	-0.3		1.1	658	n.s.	355,539
6 months or more	345	15.6	343	12.3	342	-3.4	*	1.7	342	-22	171,639
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	13.2	1,185	10.3	1,182	-3.0	*	0.9	1,181	-23	647,979
Treatment not completed	507	16.8	505	17.7	505	0.9		1.4	505	n.s.	256,447
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	12.2	754	9.6	753	-2.7	*	1.2	753	-22	408,221
Somewhat/not helpful	977	15.7	975	14.6	973	-1.1		1.2	972	n.s.	514,961
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	4.8	529	2.8	528	-2.0	*	0.9	528	-42	313,547
1-2	708	11.9	705	12.1	703	0.2		0.2	702	n.s.	364,730
3 or more	525	27.7	524	23.2	524	-4.5	*	0.1	524	-16	260,714
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	8.3	978	7.2	977	-1.1		0.9	976	n.s.	550,865
1-2	553	16.8	552	13.9	550	-3.0	*	1.5	550	-18	275,538
3 or more	244	33.2	244	30.1	244	-3.1		2.1	244	n.s.	122,008
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	6.5	837	5.0	836	-1.5		0.9	836	n.s.	484,117
1 or more	943	21.3	937	19.1	935	-2.3	*	0.9	934	-11	465,751
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-22. Percentage in inpatient treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using any illicit drug 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	1,799	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	976,012
Total Inpatient	700	77.7	700	58.4	700	-19.2	*	1.9	700	-25	357,954
Sex
Male	497	74.9	497	60.8	497	-14.1	*	1.9	497	-19	257,250
Female	203	84.8	203	52.4	203	-32.5	*	3.3	203	-38	100,704
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	414	73.0	414	50.6	414	-22.4	*	3.1	414	-31	201,090
Black (non-Hispanic)	220	84.8	220	67.0	220	-17.8	*	3.7	220	-21	126,654
Hispanic	45	74.1	45	69.4	45	-4.7		5.4	45	n.s.	19,394
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	47	87.7	47	64.0	47	-23.7	*	9.8	47	-27	15,262
18 - 29	242	91.3	242	71.3	242	-19.9	*	2.9	242	-22	134,589
30 - 39	263	84.4	263	63.4	263	-21.0	*	3.7	263	-25	133,050
40 +	148	39.3	148	25.4	148	-14.0	*	3.6	148	-36	75,053
Education
1 to 9 years	124	72.0	124	61.3	124	-10.7	*	4.5	124	-15	67,210
10 to 11 years	191	83.3	191	64.6	191	-18.7	*	3.0	191	-22	101,836
12 years or GED	195	75.6	195	54.4	195	-21.1	*	3.3	195	-28	97,331
College/grad school	189	77.7	189	53.5	189	-24.2	*	4.3	189	-31	91,070
(page 1 of 3)

Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	473	67.1	473	48.1	473	-19.0	*	2.3	473	-28	231,258
Marijuana	133	97.9	133	79.5	133	-18.3	*	3.8	133	-19	63,612
Cocaine	175	99.0	175	75.4	175	-23.5	*	5.7	175	-24	93,971
Crack	187	99.0	187	78.7	187	-20.4	*	3.3	187	-21	104,326
Heroin	78	98.2	78	87.0	78	-11.2	*	5.0	78	-11	43,867
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	136	81.6	136	74.0	136	-7.7	*	3.3	136	-9	69,867
Health problems	206	75.8	206	22.5	206	-20.6	*	3.7	206	-27	103,336
Relationship problems	350	82.1	350	63.6	350	-18.5	*	2.7	350	-23	180,318
Pressure from employer	58	85.0	58	58.6	58	-26.4	*	7.0	58	-31	25,730
Financial problems	218	88.0	218	72.8	218	-15.2	*	2.8	218	-17	115,496
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	223	77.6	223	65.4	223	-12.2	*	2.2	223	-16	131,648
1 week - less than 1 month	288	80.3	288	55.9	288	-24.4	*	3.1	288	-30	140,726
1 month - less than 6 months	150	76.4	150	52.9	150	-23.5	*	4.7	150	-31	69,404
6 months or more	34	58.4	34	45.9	34	-12.5		6.7	34	n.s.	13,779
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	528	75.8	528	56.2	528	-19.6	*	2.6	528	-26	272,886
Treatment not completed	152	87.7	152	68.9	152	-18.8	*	4.2	152	-21	76,745
(page 2 of 3)
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	339	75.3	339	52.8	339	-22.5	*	3.0	339	-30	178,667
Somewhat/not helpful	351	80.3	351	64.6	351	-15.7	*	2.5	351	-20	174,094
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	188	72.3	188	44.3	188	-28.1	*	3.8	188	-39	88,985
1-2	272	78.8	272	59.2	272	-19.6	*	2.8	272	-25	139,982
3 or more	222	83.7	222	70.9	222	-12.8	*	3.1	222	-15	118,086
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	373	78.7	373	57.9	373	-20.7	*	3.0	373	-26	190,069
1-2	202	77.3	202	59.1	202	-18.2	*	2.8	202	-24	101,145
3 or more	116	81.1	116	63.0	116	-18.1	*	6.0	116	-22	61,101
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	302	66.8	302	41.0	302	-25.8	*	2.9	302	-39	149,163
1 or more	391	86.2	391	91.4	391	-14.8	*	1.8	391	-17	205,246
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-23. Percentage in residential treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using any illicit drug 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	1,799	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	976,01 2
Total Residential	326	88.8	326	68.6	326	-20.2	*	2.5	326	-23	173,81 1
Sex
Male	252	87.5	252	69.0	252	-18.5	*	2.8	252	-21	136,07 0
Female	74	93.2	74	67.1	74	-26.1	*	5.3	74	-28	37,742
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	197	85.7	197	70.9	197	-14.8	*	3.4	197	-17	103,41 4
Black (non-Hispanic)	102	94.7	102	64.3	102	-30.4	*	5.2	102	-32	57,968
Hispanic	13	90.6	13	62.1	13	-28.5	*	1.3	13	n.a.	4,953
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	28	81.8	28	89.3	28	7.5		7.6	28	n.s.	8,723
18 - 29	147	95.8	147	75.5	147	-20.3	*	3.3	147	-21	85,987
30 - 39	116	88.7	116	60.0	116	-28.7	*	3.9	116	-32	63,217
40 +	35	54.9	35	54.2	35	-0.8		0.8	35	n.s.	15,889
Education
1 to 9 years	46	75.8	46	64.6	46	-11.3		6.9	46	n.s.	24,589
10 to 11 years	102	92.8	102	69.9	102	-22.9	*	5.7	102	-25	53,421
12 years or GED	95	88.1	95	72.5	95	-15.6	*	4.5	95	-18	48,608
College/grad school	83	91.6	83	65.1	83	-26.5	*	4.6	83	-29	47,193
(page 1 of 3)
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	200	85.6	200	67.3	200	-18.3	*	3.3	200	-21	107,02
Marijuana	105	95.1	105	81.0	105	-14.1	*	3.8	105	-15	54,202
Cocaine	79	99.2	79	77.5	79	-21.8	*	5.7	79	-22	44,108
Crack	120	99.8	120	68.7	120	-31.1	*	3.4	120	-31	67,642
Heroin	27	100.0	27	83.0	27	-17.0		10.2	27	n.s.	11,087
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	108	92.3	108	76.3	108	-15.9	*	3.7	108	-17	51,554
Health problems	75	86.5	75	67.7	75	-18.8	*	6.8	75	-22	37,323
Relationship problems	155	93.2	155	78.9	155	-14.3	*	3.8	155	-15	87,291
Pressure from employer	25	95.8	25	77.6	25	-18.2	*	8.3	25	-19	14,536
Financial problems	80	97.7	80	86.7	80	-10.9	*	2.8	80	-11	40,502
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	46	80.5	46	62.3	46	-18.2	*	5.1	46	-23	30,420
1 week - less than 1 month	92	86.4	92	67.3	92	-19.2	*	3.9	92	-22	58,696
1 month - less than 6 months	137	95.6	137	74.9	137	-20.8	*	3.4	137	-22	62,830
6 months or more	48	85.1	48	58.1	48	-27.0	*	10.5	48	-32	19,505
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	201	88.3	201	65.2	201	-23.1	*	3.3	201	-26	105,66 0
Treatment not completed	112	92.9	112	76.2	112	-16.7	*	5.5	112	-18	59,295
(page 2 of 3)
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful		90.6	152	64.5	152	-26.0	*	4.5	152	-29	79,256
Somewhat/not helpful		89.5	165	74.4	165	-15.1	*	3.2	165	-17	88,857
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	83	83.8	83	55.1	83	-28.8	*	7.6	83	-34	47,629
1-2	129	91.4	129	71.0	129	-20.4	*	4.1	129	-22	65,995
3 or more	105	94.2	105	79.7	105	-14.5	*	4.3	105	-15	54,581
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0		86.7	165	66.5	165	-20.2	*	3.9	165	-23	90,964
1-2		89.7	108	68.4	108	-21.3	*	4.6	108	-24	54,733
3 or more		96.4	50	77.6	50	-18.8	*	6.6	50	-20	26,628
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0		87.4	143	55.5	143	-31.9	*	5.2	143	-36	79,143
1 or more		90.9	178	80.8	178	-10.1	*	2.6	178	-11	91,758
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-24. Percentage in outpatient methadone treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using any illicit drug 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	1,799	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	976,01 2
Total Outpatient Methadone	217	95.2	217	86.1	217	-9.1	*	1.8	217	-10	47,871
Sex
Male	121	94.0	121	86.3	121	-7.6	*	2.4	121	-8	26,400
Female	96	96.7	96	85.9	96	-10.8	*	2.7	96	-11	21,471
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	108	93.4	108	78.9	108	-14.6	*	2.5	108	-16	22,402
Black (non-Hispanic)	79	96.5	79	94.8	79	-1.7		0.9	79	n.s.	18,827
Hispanic	24	96.9	24	90.9	24	-6.0		4.4	24	n.s.	5,490
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	1	100.0	1	100.0	1	0.0		0.0	1	n.a.	990
18 - 29	71	95.8	71	80.0	71	-15.8	*	4.7	71	-16	12,634
30 - 39	101	95.5	101	89.9	101	-5.6	*	2.2	101	-6	23,951
40 +	44	93.2	44	83.5	44	-9.8	*	4.3	44	-11	10,296
Education
1 to 9 years	33	97.1	33	77.6	33	-19.5	*	9.1	33	-20	5,911
10 to 11 years	58	98.6	58	88.2	58	-10.4	*	3.4	58	-11	14,015
12 years or GED	62	93.3	62	87.0	62	-6.3		3.8	62	n.s.	13,186
College/grad school	64	92.9	64	86.8	64	-6.1		3.3	64	n.s.	14,758
(page 1 of 3)
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	55	93.8	55	88.1	55	-5.7	*	2.4	55	-6	14,588
Marijuana	22	96.5	22	88.3	22	-8.3		5.9	22	n.s.	4,928
Cocaine	72	98.2	72	91.9	72	-6.2	*	3.0	72	-6	17,245
Crack	15	100.0	15	89.6	15	-10.4		8.2	15	n.s.	4,054
Heroin	178	97.4	178	88.9	178	-8.4	*	2.0	178	-9	37,915
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	28	91.0	28	88.8	28	-2.3		3.7	28	n.s.	7,932
Health problems	50	97.2	50	89.7	50	-7.5		3.9	50	n.s.	12,159
Relationship problems	106	97.1	106	92.2	106	-4.9	*	2.0	106	-5	22,498
Pressure from employer	13	100.0	13	100.0	13	0.0		0.0	13	n.s.	2,343
Financial problems	86	97.1	86	88.5	86	-8.7	*	3.1	86	-9	17,002
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	11	88.8	11	88.8	11	0.0		0.0	11	n.s.	3,145
1 week - less than 1 month	53	92.4	53	93.7	53	1.3		2.2	53	n.s.	11,344
1 month - less than 6 months	67	98.8	67	90.0	67	-8.8	*	3.2	67	-9	15,712
6 months or more	85	94.5	85	75.8	85	-18.7	*	4.2	85	-20	16,552
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	95	96.8	95	85.9	95	-10.9	*	2.7	95	-11	22,157
Treatment not completed	99	96.9	99	91.0	99	-5.9	*	2.3	99	-6	21,649
(page 2 of 3)
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	63	98.6	63	85.5	63	-13.1	*	4.6	63	-13	13,532
Somewhat/not helpful	138	95.1	138	89.1	138	-6.0	*	1.7	138	-6	31,837
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	31	91.3	31	79.2	31	-12.1	*	6.0	31	-13	8,565
1-2	89	95.2	89	89.6	89	-5.6		2.9	89	n.s.	17,797
3 or more	94	99.2	94	88.2	94	-11.0	*	2.6	94	-11	20,920
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	91	93.2	91	85.4	91	-7.8	*	2.6	91	-8	21,126
1-2	83	97.9	83	89.3	83	-8.6	*	3.9	83	-9	15,486
3 or more	41	100.0	41	87.3	41	-12.7	*	4.8	41	-13	10,720
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	59	93.9	59	80.9	59	-12.9	*	4.5	59	-14	14,716
1 or more	155	97.4	155	89.8	155	-7.5	*	2.0	155	-8	32,456
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-25. Percentage in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using any illicit drug 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	1,799	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	976,012
Total Outpatient Nonmethadone	556	64.9	556	52.6	556	-12.3	*	2.6	556	-19	387,375
Sex
Male	381	63.0	381	53.7	381	-9.3	*	2.5	381	-15	270,690
Female	175	69.3	175	50.1	175	-19.2	*	4.6	175	-28	116,686
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	382	73.5	382	60.1	382	-13.4	*	3.7	382	-18	253,904
Black (non-Hispanic)	98	61.0	98	47.0	98	-14.0	*	2.8	98	-23	70,613
Hispanic	55	30.5	55	21.5	55	-9.1	*	3.3	55	-30	4,962
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	80	63.9	80	73.8	80	9.9	*	4.5	80	15	52,631
18 - 29	214	74.4	214	60.1	214	-14.4	*	3.4	214	-19	148,141
30 - 39	180	71.3	180	51.4	180	-19.9	*	4.4	180	-28	126,701
40 +	82	28.9	82	18.2	82	-10.7	*	3.4	82	-37	59,903
Education
1 to 9 years	103	52.0	103	38.4	103	-13.6	*	4.3	103	-26	75,553
10 to 11 years	136	75.2	136	64.1	136	-11.1	*	5.6	136	-15	99,366
12 years or GED	165	67.3	165	56.4	165	-10.9	*	3.9	165	-16	112,580
College/grad school	150	61.8	150	47.3	150	-14.5	*	4.7	143	-23	97,742
(page 1 of 3)
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	389	58.9	389	49.8	389	-9.1	*	3.0	389	-15	267,578
Marijuana	183	97.1	183	82.6	183	-14.5	*	3.5	183	-15	126,059
Cocaine	107	96.9	107	75.1	107	-21.8	*	4.6	107	-22	67,863
Crack	60	98.3	60	77.0	60	-21.3	*	6.6	60	-22	36,209
Heroin	32	100.0	32	86.6	32	-13.4	*	6.6	32	-13	16,867
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	250	63.5	250	52.2	250	-11.3	*	4.1	250	-18	181,365
Health problems	106	63.0	106	51.5	106	-11.6	*	4.9	106	-18	71,482
Relationship problems	226	90.2	226	54.7	226	-15.4	*	3.5	226	-17	152,529
Pressure from employer	36	61.1	36	46.2	36	-14.9		8.0	36	n.s.	23,350
Financial problems	117	74.8	117	54.1	117	-20.7	*	4.2	117	-28	82,805
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	19	72.5	19	30.6	19	-41.8	*	10.3	19	-58	14,881
1 week - less than 1 month	40	62.0	40	57.9	40	-4.1		5.0	40	n.s.	27,892
1 month - less than 6 months	307	63.7	307	57.3	307	-6.4		3.9	307	n.s.	209,932
6 months or more	178	65.2	178	44.5	178	-20.6	*	3.4	178	-32	123,726
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	366	63.5	366	48.3	366	-15.3	*	3.5	366	-24	253,621
Treatment not completed	144	72.7	144	66.6	144	-6.1	*	3.5	144	-8	100,273
(page 2 of 3)
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	205	58.5	205	42.6	205	-15.9	*	4.1	205	-27	141,670
Somewhat/not helpful	323	70.7	323	60.2	323	-10.5	*	2.9	323	-15	223,127
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	229	48.8	229	35.9	229	-12.9	*	3.8	229	-26	171,110
1-2	218	74.9	218	65.6	218	-9.3	*	2.9	218	-12	144,269
3 or more	104	86.8	104	68.8	104	-18.0	*	3.2	104	-21	67,589
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	355	57.8	355	48.4	355	-9.4	*	3.1	355	-16	254,719
1-2	160	80.6	160	61.2	160	-19.4	*	3.9	160	-24	105,467
3 or more	37	77.2	37	62.9	37	-14.4		8.6	37	n.s.	23,559
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	335	56.8	335	42.5	335	-14.4	*	3.3	335	-25	243,837
1 or more	219	79.8	219	70.9	219	-8.9		3.4	219	n.s.	141,460
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-26. Percentage who reported any criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Criminal Activity	Percentage reporting criminal activity
Criminal Activity	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
Vehicle theft	9.0	1,790	4.0	1,789	-5.0	*	0.9	1,789	-56	962,296
Driving while intoxicated (DWI)	60.5	1,794	43.3	1,786	-17.1	*	2.8	1,786	-28	962,391
Driving under the influence (DUI)	54.1	1,793	40.4	1,785	-13.6	*	1.8	1,784	-25	961,093
Public disorder	28.1	1,792	19.6	1,785	-8.5	*	1.2	1,785	-30	961,052
Sell drugs	34.7	1,786	24.2	1,787	-10.5	*	1.4	1,786	-30	962,389
Prostitution/procurement	12.8	1,790	9.5	1,790	-3.2	*	0.9	1,790	-25	963,696
Fraud/forgery	13.7	1,792	10.3	1,792	-3.5	*	1.0	1,792	-26	963,348
Theft/larceny	27.3	1,791	17.2	1,788	-10.0	*	1.5	1,787	-37	960,815
Breaking and entering	13.6	1,792	8.4	1,793	-5.2	*	1.2	1,792	-38	964,140
Armed robbery	3.4	1,794	3.4	1,793	0.0		0.6	1,793	n.s.	963,674
Arson	1.5	1,794	0.6	1,793	-0.9		0.3	1,793	n.s.	964,585
Threaten/attack	12.4	1,792	9.4	1,791	-2.9	*	1.0	1,791	-23	962,441
Use force for sex	0.7	1,792	0.6	1,791	-0.1		0.3	1,791	n.s.	965,569
Homicide	0.4	1,792	0.1	1,792	-0.3		0.2	1,792	n.s.	963,618
Violate parole	16.6	1,788	20.9	1,784	4.3	*	1.4	1,784	26	960,137
Arrested	65.7	1,781	54.4	1,782	-11.3	*	2.6	1,750	-17	942,237
(page 1 of 2)
Spent time in jail, prison, detention, or probation or parole⁺	42.8	1,792	56.8	1,533	7.3	*	1.8	1,528	17	813,503
Supported self mainly through criminal activity	27.2	1,782	17.6	1,782	-9.5	*	1.1	1,776	-35	955,980
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ⁺ There were a large number of cases missing for this variable during the five years after the SROS episode because of item non-response on the five questions that were combined to create this variable.
(page 2 of 2)

Table B-27. Percentage in inpatient treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Criminal Activity	Percentage reporting criminal activity
Criminal Activity	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Vehicle theft	9.2	695	4.3	694	-4.9	*	1.2	694	-53	356,292
Driving while intoxicated (DWI)	58.8	696	41.9	692	-16.7	*	3.0	692	-28	356,445
Driving under the influence (DUI)	56.8	696	41.2	693	-15.5	*	2.1	693	-27	355,935
Public disorder	28.2	695	21.2	694	-6.8	*	2.0	694	-24	356,043
Sell drugs	34.7	693	23.3	694	-11.5	*	1.7	693	-33	355,052
Prostitution/procurement	14.8	695	12.1	695	-2.7		1.7	695	n.s.	355,704
Fraud/forgery	16.4	696	11.3	696	-5.1	*	1.8	696	-31	356,445
Theft/larceny	29.3	696	19.7	694	-9.4	*	2.4	694	-32	355,193
Breaking and entering	14.4	696	8.8	696	-5.6	*	1.7	696	-39	356,445
Armed robbery	4.1	697	3.8	697	-0.3		1.0	697	n.s.	356,686
Arson	1.1	696	0.5	696	-0.6		0.5	696	n.s.	355,945
Threaten/attack	13.4	696	10.2	696	-3.2	*	1.2	696	-24	355,945
Use force for sex	0.8	695	1.1	695	0.3		0.5	695	n.s.	355,533
Homicide	0.3	694	0.3	694	0.1		0.1	694	n.s.	354,718
Violated parole	18.4	694	20.1	692	1.6		1.8	692	n.s.	355,700
Arrested	63.1	695	56.3	685	-6.7	*	2.6	682	-11	349,486
(page 1 of 2)
Spent time in jail, prison, detention, probation, or parole⁺	43.4	696	58.6	582	9.1	*	2.4	580	21	302,067
Supported self mainly through criminal activity	31.4	692	21.0	693	-10.1	*	1.8	690	-32	353,208
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ⁺ There were a large number of cases missing for this variable during the five years after the SROS episode because of item non-response on the five questions that were combined to create this variable.
(page 2 of 2)

Table B-28. Percentage in residential treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Criminal Activity	Percentage reporting criminal activity
Criminal Activity	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Vehicle theft	11.2	326	5.7	326	-5.5	*	2.2	326	-49	173,811
Driving while intoxicated (DWI)	67.6	326	50.3	323	-17.7	*	2.8	323	-26	172,475
Driving under the influence (DUI)	60.3	326	49.4	325	-11.1	*	3.1	325	-18	173,214
Public disorder	34.2	326	24.2	324	-9.9	*	2.7	324	-29	172,749
Sell drugs	45.2	325	26.6	325	-18.6	*	2.7	325	-41	172,985
Prostitution/procurement	18.7	324	13.3	324	-5.4		3.1	324	n.s.	173,087
Fraud/forgery	20.1	326	13.5	326	-6.6	*	2.6	326	-33	173,811
Theft/larceny	34.7	326	22.4	326	-12.3	*	3.1	326	-35	173,811
Breaking and entering	18.7	324	11.3	325	-7.4	*	3.0	324	-40	172,608
Armed robbery	4.9	325	5.3	325	0.4		1.6	325	n.s.	172,985
Arson	1.0	326	0.6	326	-1.3		1.2	326	n.s.	173,811
Threaten/attack	16.6	325	11.1	325	-5.5	*	2.4	325	-33	172,985
Use force for sex	1.0	325	0.2	325	-0.8		0.8	325	n.s.	173,207
Homicide	0.6	326	0.0	323	-0.6		0.4	326	n.s.	173,811
Violated parole	21.1	325	33.5	325	12.4	*	2.5	325	59	172,693
Arrested	74.8	320	67.9	318	-7.2	*	3.5	315	-10	166,432
(page 1 of 2)
Spent time in jail, prison, detention, probation, or parole⁺	53.8	323	68.4	292	8.1	*	3.9	289	15	150,438
Supported self mainly through criminal activity	31.6	323	16.3	325	-15.2	*	3.7	323	-48	171,995
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ⁺ There were a large number of cases missing for this variable during the five years after the SROS episode because of item non-response on the five questions that were combined to create this variable.
(page 2 of 2)

Table B-29. Percentage in methadone maintenance treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Criminal Activity	Percentage reporting criminal activity
Criminal Activity	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Vehicle theft	7.5	216	4.8	216	-2.7		1.4	216	n.s.	47,713
Driving while intoxicated (DWI)	46.9	216	29.0	216	-17.8	*	3.6	216	-38	47,713
Driving under the influence (DUI)	50.9	215	34.4	214	-15.9	*	3.8	213	-31	47,092
Public disorder	22.8	216	18.4	215	-4.4	*	1.8	215	-19	47,553
Sell drugs	47.3	214	31.0	214	-16.3	*	5.2	214	-34	47,064
Prostitution/procurement	22.4	215	18.3	215	-4.1		2.4	215	n.s.	47,530
Fraud/forgery	26.3	216	14.0	216	-12.4	*	5.2	216	-47	47,713
Theft/larceny	38.3	215	28.1	214	-9.9	*	3.8	213	-26	47,343
Breaking and entering	19.1	216	10.8	216	-8.2	*	3.9	216	-43	47,713
Armed robbery	3.9	216	2.3	216	-1.5		1.4	216	n.s.	47,713
Arson	1.3	216	0.0	216	-1.3		0.8	216	n.s.	47,713
Threaten/attack	8.7	216	5.9	216	-2.8		3.5	216	n.s.	47,713
Use force for sex	0.5	216	0.0	215	0.0		0.0	215	n.s.	47,453
Homicide	0.8	216	0.0	216	-0.8		0.5	216	n.s.	47,713
Violated parole	22.6	214	21.4	213	-0.8		4.2	213	n.s.	47,133
Arrested	67.9	214	60.8	213	-7.1		4.5	210	n.s.	46,631
(page 1 of 2)
Spent time in jail, prison, detention, probation, or parole⁺	45.3	217	59.0	198	9.9		6.0	198	n.s.	44,143
Supported self mainly through criminal activity	60.7	213	40.3	212	-20.2	*	4.3	212	-33	46,449
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories. ⁺ There were a large number of cases missing for this variable during the five years after the SROS episode because of item non-response on the five questions that were combined to create this variable.
(page 2 of 2)

Table B-30. Percentage in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Criminal Activity	Percentage reporting criminal activity
Criminal Activity	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Vehicle theft	8.0	553	2.9	553	-5.1	*	1.6	553	-64	384,987
Driving while intoxicated (DWI)	60.5	556	43.3	555	-17.2	*	6.1	555	-28	387,191
Driving under the influence (DUI)	49.3	556	36.3	553	-12.8	*	3.6	553	-26	386,229
Public disorder	26.0	555	16.2	552	-9.9	*	2.3	552	-38	385,172
Sell drugs	28.4	554	23.1	554	-5.3	*	2.6	554	-19	387,287
Prostitution/procurement	7.1	556	4.4	556	-2.7	*	1.0	556	-38	387,375
Fraud/forgery	6.8	554	7.4	554	0.6		1.4	554	n.s.	385,379
Theft/larceny	20.8	554	11.5	554	-9.3	*	2.8	554	-45	385,379
Breaking and entering	9.9	556	6.5	556	-3.4		1.9	556	n.s.	387,375
Armed robbery	1.9	556	2.2	555	0.3		0.7	555	n.s.	386,290
Arson	1.6	556	0.7	555	-0.8		0.5	555	n.s.	387,116
Threaten/attack	10.0	555	8.3	554	-1.4		1.9	554	n.s.	385,797
Use force for sex	0.5	556	0.5	556	-0.1		0.3	556	n.s.	387,375
Homicide	0.5	556	0.0	556	-0.5		0.3	556	n.s.	387,375
Violated parole	12.2	555	15.9	554	3.7		2.0	554	n.s.	385,589
Arrested	63.8	552	46.0	546	-17.8	*	5.4	543	-28	379,688
(page 1 of 2)
Spent time in jail, prison, detention, probation, or parole⁺	37.1	556	49.3	461	4.8		3.4	461	n.s.	316,855
Supported self mainly through criminal activity	17.4	554	12.2	552	-5.0	*	1.8	551	-29	384,328
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories. ⁺ There were a large number of cases missing for this variable during the five years after the SROS episode because of item non-response on the five questions that were combined to create this variable.
(page 2 of 2)

Table B-31. Percentage who drove under the influence during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage driving under the influence
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	54.1	1,793	40.4	1,785	-13.6	*	1.8	1784	-25	961,093
Sex
Male	1,251	57.7	1,246	44.7	1,240	-13.0	*	2.1	1,240	-23	686,356
Female	548	45.1	547	29.6	545	-15.2	*	2.7	544	-34	274,737
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	59.0	1,097	45.8	1,091	-13.1	*	2.0	1,091	-22	576,380
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	46.6	497	32.1	496	-14.4	*	3.0	495	-31	272,952
Hispanic	137	47.8	137	25.4	137	-22.4	*	5.3	137	-47	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	20.0	156	47.9	156	27.8	*	6.8	156	139	77,605
18 - 29	674	59.3	593	47.4	588	-11.8	*	2.4	588	-20	333,767
30 - 39	660	61.8	610	39.4	610	-22.4	*	2.2	609	-36	319,604
40 +	309	42.5	308	22.7	305	-19.3	*	2.9	305	-45	159,649
Education
1 to 9 years	306	53.4	305	38.8	304	-14.6	*	4.6	303	-27	171,763
10 to 11 years	487	51.8	486	39.6	483	-12.1	*	3.9	483	-23	267,491
12 years or GED	517	57.4	514	44.1	513	-13.3	*	3.7	513	-23	270,208
College/grad school	486	53.4	485	38.7	482	-14.4	*	2.1	482	-27	248,989
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	56.8	696	41.2	693	-15.5	*	2.1	693	-27	354,558
Residential	326	60.3	326	49.4	325	-11.1	*	3.1	325	-18	173,214
Outpatient methadone	217	50.9	215	34.4	214	-15.9	*	3.8	213	-31	47,092
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	49.3	556	36.3	553	-12.8	*	3.6	553	-26	386,229
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	55.3	115	39.5	1,109	-15.6	*	2.3	1,109	-28	616,636
Marijuana	443	60.6	442	55.8	441	-4.9		3.9	441	n.s.	247,293
Cocaine	443	58.0	431	42.1	429	-15.8	*	2.8	429	-27	210,366
Crack	382	65.3	379	49.8	379	-15.5	*	3.4	378	-24	221,700
Heroin	315	66.8	312	50.3	311	-16.2	*	3.9	310	-24	108,717
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	56.0	522	44.3	519	-11.7	*	3.3	519	-21	309,587
Health problems	437	55.1	436	38.8	435	-16.3	*	3.5	435	-30	223,875
Relationship problems	837	58.8	834	43.8	830	-14.9	*	2.2	830	-25	440,050
Pressure from employer	132	68.4	132	48.0	132	-20.5	*	4.4	132	-30	65,959
Financial problems	501	64.1	499	48.4	498	-15.7	*	2.7	498	-24	254,469
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	53.8	297	41.0	296	-12.6	*	3.3	296	-23	178,873
1 week - less than 1 month	473	60.6	471	44.2	469	-16.3	*	2.7	469	-27	236,563
1 month - less than 6 months	661	51.4	660	41.2	657	-10.0	*	3.1	657	-19	356,491
6 months or more	345	50.2	344	31.3	343	-18.8	*	3.3	342	-37	172,942
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	54.6	1,188	37.9	1,185	-16.6	*	2.0	1,185	-30	652,229
Treatment not completed	507	55.2	503	47.0	500	-8.0	*	2.6	499	-14	254,725
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	52.8	758	33.1	755	-19.6	*	2.0	755	-37	411,099
Somewhat/not helpful	977	55.8	972	45.9	969	-9.8	*	2.0	968	-18	514,611
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	46.2	530	29.9	529	-16.3	*	3.4	529	-35	315,486
1-2	708	55.6	705	42.8	701	-12.6	*	2.4	700	-23	364,356
3 or more	525	62.3	523	51.5	521	-10.7	*	2.0	521	-17	259,934
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	47.8	982	37.2	979	-10.5	*	2.3	979	-22	55,351
1-2	553	62.4	550	45.3	547	-17.0	*	3.0	546	-27	273,242
3 or more	244	65.9	243	46.6	242	-19.3	*	3.3	242	-29	121,607
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	52.7	836	30.8	833	-21.8	*	3.1	832	-41	483,523
1 or more	943	56.3	940	50.6	936	-5.6	*	1.9	936	-10	468,738
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-32. Percentage who drove while intoxicated during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage driving while intoxicated
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	60.5	1,794	43.3	1,786	-17.7	*	2.8	1786	-28	962,391
Sex
Male	1,251	66.6	1,246	47.7	1,239	-18.9	*	3.3	1,239	-28	686,049
Female	548	45.3	545	32.5	547	-12.8	*	3.2	547	-28	276,343
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	66.4	1,097	49.5	1,091	-16.9	*	2.4	1,091	-25	577,057
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	49.0	498	31.9	497	-17.1	*	3.0	497	-35	273,337
Hispanic	137	60.0	137	32.0	137	-28.0		17.0	137	n.s.	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	25.8	156	56.1	156	30.3	*	7.4	156	117	77,605
18 - 29	674	61.7	593	49.2	591	-12.6	*	3.0	597	-20	334,577
30 - 39	660	69.3	611	42.5	608	-26.8	*	2.8	608	-39	320,017
40 +	309	57.5	308	27.5	305	-30.0	*	3.7	305	-52	159,724
Education
1 to 9 years	306	56.7	306	38.8	304	-18.3	*	8.1	304	-32	172,069
10 to 11 years	487	54.5	485	43.2	482	-11.1	*	3.6	482	-20	266,662
12 years or GED	517	65.6	515	47.2	512	-18.3	*	3.9	512	-28	270,719
College/grad school	486	64.5	485	42.6	485	-21.9	*	3.0	485	-34	250,299
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	58.8	696	41.9	692	-16.7	*	3.0	692	-28	355,012
Residential	326	67.6	326	50.3	323	-17.7	*	2.8	323	-26	172,475
Outpatient methadone	217	46.9	216	29.0	316	-17.8	*	3.6	216	-38	47,713
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	60.5	556	43.3	555	-17.2	*	6.1	555	-28	387,191
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	69.3	1,116	47.3	1,110	-22.0	*	3.5	1,110	-32	617,949
Marijuana	443	61.5	443	57.2	441	-4.4		3.9	441	n.s.	247,693
Cocaine	443	55.5	432	40.2	431	-15.2	*	2.4	431	-27	210,712
Crack	382	61.8	380	44.9	378	-16.8	*	2.1	378	-27	222,415
Heroin	315	56.5	313	42.5	313	-14.0	*	3.5	313	-25	109,338
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	66.0	522	47.8	519	-18.3	*	3.3	519	-28	309,794
Health problems	437	59.7	436	38.9	433	-20..7	*	4.0	433	-35	223,145
Relationship problems	837	62.1	835	45.8	834	-16.3	*	2.7	834	-26	442,095
Pressure from employer	132	72.5	132	46.0	132	-26.5	*	5.2	132	-37	65,959
Financial problems	501	65.9	500	50.3	498	-15.4	*	2.6	498	-23	254,793
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	53.2	297	40.6	296	-12.5		4.0	296	n.s.	178,958
1 week - less than 1 month	473	62.5	471	45.1	469	-17.4		2.7	469	n.s.	236,854
1 month - less than 6 months	661	59.8	660	45.7	656	-14.0		4.5	656	n.s.	356,792
6 months or more	345	64.9	345	36.7	345	-28.2		4.8	345	n.s.	173,563
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	63.3	1,188	42.7	1,183	-20.5	*	2.0	1,185	-32	652,099
Treatment not completed	507	55.1	504	45.5	502	-9.9	*	2.6	499	-18	255,967
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	60.4	758	36.5	756	-23.9	*	3.2	756	-40	412,323
Somewhat/not helpful	977	60.8	973	49.1	968	-11.7	*	2.7	968	-19	514,500
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	56.2	529	35.8	525	-20.4	*	6.1	525	-36	314,185
1-2	708	62.0	707	46.0	705	-16.0	*	3.1	705	-26	367,145
3 or more	525	64.5	523	50.2	522	-14.2	*	2.5	522	-22	259,962
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	54.7	981	41.2	977	-13.5	*	4.2	977	-25	554,616
1-2	553	69.3	552	48.5	549	-20.9	*	3.1	549	-30	275,116
3 or more	244	68.6	243	45.4	243	-23.2	*	3.4	243	-34	121,767
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	61.6	837	36.0	832	-25.7	*	4.2	832	-42	484,158
1 or more	943	59.9	940	51.2	938	-8.6	*	2.3	938	-14	469,402
(page 3 of 3)
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.

TABLE B-33. Percentage who sold drugs during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage selling drugs
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	34.7	1,786	24.2	1,787	-10.5	*	1.4	1786	-30	962,389
Sex
Male	1,251	36.0	1,240	26.0	1,241	-10.0	*	1.5	1,240	-28	686,022
Female	548	31.5	546	19.8	546	-11.7	*	2.5	546	-37	276,367
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	34.3	1,092	23.5	1,092	-10.8	*	2.3	1,092	-31	578,108
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	39.0	495	26.7	496	-12.4	*	2.7	495	-32	272,141
Hispanic	137	20.2	137	17.8	137	-2.4		3.9	137	n.s.	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	33.5	156	42.4	156	8.9	*	3.4	156	27	77,605
18 - 29	674	41.8	593	32.9	593	-8.8	*	2.2	593	-21	335,686
30 - 39	660	37.4	605	19.3	606	-18.2	*	2.5	605	-49	318,696
40 +	309	15.0	306	6.9	306	-8.1	*	1.9	306	-54	159,935
Education
1 to 9 years	306	31.3	305	26.4	305	-4.9		2.7	305	n.s.	173,226
10 to 11 years	487	38.6	483	27.9	483	-10.7	*	2.6	483	-28	267,249
12 years or GED	517	33.1	513	23.5	513	-9.7	*	2.9	513	-29	270,608
College/grad school	486	34.7	482	19.5	483	-15.3	*	3.0	482	-44	248,663
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	34.7	693	23.3	694	-11.5	*	1.7	693	-33	355,052
Residential	326	45.2	325	26.6	325	-18.6	*	2.7	325	-41	172,985
Outpatient methadone	217	47.3	214	31.0	214	-16.3	*	5.2	214	-34	47,063
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	28.4	554	23.1	554	-5.3	*	2.6	554	-19	387,287
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	29.4	1,110	20.9	1,111	-8.5	*	1.9	1,110	-29	617,325
Marijuana	443	50.5	441	40.8	441	-9.8	*	3.5	441	-19	247,510
Cocaine	443	46.6	432	31.8	432	-14.9	*	3.3	432	-32	210,195
Crack	382	58.0	378	39.7	379	-18.3	*	3.4	378	-32	222,926
Heroin	315	58.7	310	43.2	310	-15.5	*	3.4	310	-26	107,401
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	40.2	521	28.7	521	-11.4	*	3.1	521	-28	310,666
Health problems	437	33.3	434	19.3	434	-14.0	*	2.6	434	-42	223,196
Relationship problems	837	36.6	834	26.4	834	-10.2	*	1.4	834	-28	441,411
Pressure from employer	132	30.3	131	21.9	131	-8.4		3.7	131	n.s.	65,313
Financial problems	501	42.3	496	29.1	497	-13.3	*	2.2	496	-31	253,711
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	38.0	295	28.2	296	-9.9	*	2.1	295	-26	178,660
1 week - less than 1 month	473	33.6	470	23.8	470	-9.8	*	3.1	470	-29	237,451
1 month - less than 6 months	661	34.5	656	24.4	656	-10.1	*	2.6	656	-29	355,930
6 months or more	345	31.8	344	18.5	344	-13.3	*	2.9	344	-42	173,526
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	32.5	1,186	20.7	1,186	-11.8	*	1.9	1,186	-36	652,345
Treatment not completed	507	43.0	500	33.4	501	-9.7	*	2.6	500	-23	255,903
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	32.4	757	16.9	757	-15.5	*	2.2	757	-48	412,078
Somewhat/not helpful	977	37.6	968	30.7	969	-6.9	*	2.0	968	-18	514,926
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	25.7	529	15.6	529	-10.1	*	2.5	529	-39	315,486
1-2	708	35.6	704	25.6	704	-10.0	*	2.2	704	-28	366,736
3 or more	525	46.0	519	33.9	520	-12.1	*	2.2	519	-26	259,067
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	30.8	978	22.1	979	-8.8	*	2.3	978	-29	555,484
1-2	553	38.6	549	26.2	549	-12.4	*	2.1	549	-32	275,071
3 or more	244	45.5	242	30.8	242	-14.7	*	2.7	242	-32	120,941
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	28.2	836	16.1	836	-12.1	*	1.7	836	-43	485,147
1 or more	943	41.9	934	32.9	935	-9.0	*	2.0	934	-21	468,147
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-34. Percentage who engaged in prostitution/procurement during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage engaging in prostitution/procurement
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	12.8	1,790	9.5	1,790	-3.2	*	0.9	1790	-25	963,696
Sex
Male	1,251	10.7	1,244	7.9	1,244	-2.8	*	1.0	1,244	-26	688,017
Female	548	17.9	546	13.7	546	-4.2	*	1.7	546	-23	275,679
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	9.7	1,095	6.5	1,095	-3.2	*	1.0	1,095	-33	579,304
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	20.4	497	18.4	497	-2.0		2.2	497	n.s.	272,993
Hispanic	137	7.4	137	4.4	137	-3.0	*	1.1	137	-41	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	6.2	156	3.0	156	-3.2		2.5	156	n.s.	77,605
18 - 29	674	13.3	591	12.8	591	-0.5		1.4	591	n.s.	334,342
30 - 39	660	16.1	611	10.5	611	-5.6	*	1.9	611	-35	320,822
40 +	309	7.2	306	3.8	306	-3.4	*	1.3	306	-47	160,460
Education
1 to 9 years	306	12.7	304	9.8	304	-2.9		2.3	304	n.s.	171,919
10 to 11 years	487	13.0	485	12.2	485	-0.7		1.8	485	n.s.	267,835
12 years or GED	517	12.5	513	8.3	513	-4.2	*	2.0	513	-34	271,002
College/grad school	486	13.0	485	7.9	485	-5.1	*	1.9	485	-39	250,299
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	14.8	695	12.1	695	-2.7		1.7	695	n.s.	355,704
Residential	326	18.7	324	13.3	324	-5.4		3.1	324	n.s.	173,087
Outpatient methadone	217	22.4	215	18.3	215	-4.1		2.4	215	n.s.	47,530
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	7.1	556	4.4	556	-2.7	*	1.0	556	-38	387,375
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	12.0	1,112	7.9	1,112	-4.1	*	1.1	1,112	-34	618,179
Marijuana	443	13.2	442	7.9	442	-5.3	*	1.8	442	-40	248,061
Cocaine	443	30.5	431	23.5	431	-7.0	*	2.7	431	-23	210,423
Crack	382	21.1	379	15.3	379	-5.8	*	2.7	379	-27	222,743
Heroin	315	25.0	313	20.5	313	-4.4	*	1.6	313	-18	109,338
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	13.2	521	8.9	521	-4.3	*	1.4	521	-33	310,597
Health problems	437	16.1	433	10.9	433	-5.2	*	1.7	434	-32	222,594
Relationship problems	837	14.1	833	10.6	833	-3.5	*	1.2	833	-25	441,313
Pressure from employer	132	10.9	132	8.8	131	-2.2		2.6	132	n.s.	65,959
Financial problems	501	18.6	500	13.7	500	-4.9		2.0	500	n.s.	255,564
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	15.0	295	16.6	295	-1.6		1.5	295	n.s.	178,126
1 week - less than 1 month	473	15.7	471	10.4	471	-5.3	*	2.6	471	-34	237,853
1 month - less than 6 months	661	10.7	659	7.0	659	-3.7	*	1.5	659	-35	357,517
6 months or more	345	11.3	344	6.6	344	-4.7	*	1.5	344	-42	173,380
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	11.9	1,188	8.1	1,188	-3.7	*	1.1	1,188	-31	653,254
Treatment not completed	507	16.0	501	12.8	501	-3.3	*	1.6	501	-21	256,118
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	13.9	757	8.9	757	-5.0	*	1.8	757	-36	411,782
Somewhat/not helpful	977	12.4	971	10.2	971	-2.2	*	0.9	951	-18	516,346
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	6.1	530	2.4	530	-3.7	*	1.5	530	-61	315,888
1-2	708	11.2	705	10.4	704	-0.8		1.2	704	n.s.	366,736
3 or more	525	23.6	522	17.5	522	-6.1	*	2.1	519	-26	259,067
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	8.1	980	6.9	980	-1.2		1.1	980	n.s.	555,395
1-2	553	16.2	551	10.7	551	-5.4	*	1.5	551	-33	276,246
3 or more	244	26.8	243	19.2	243	-7.6	*	3.2	243	-28	121,767
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	9.0	838	4.9	838	-4.0	*	1.3	838	-44	486,457
1 or more	943	16.9	936	14.4	936	-2.5	*	1.4	936	-15	468,407
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-35. Percentage who engaged in theft/larceny during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage engaging in theft/larceny
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	27.3	1,791	17.3	1,788	-9.9	*	1.5	1787	-36	960,815
Sex
Male	1,251	27.5	1,243	18.0	1,242	-9.5	*	1.7	1,241	-35	686,024
Female	548	26.9	548	15.7	546	-11.0	*	2.2	546	-41	275,702
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	27.8	1,097	16.6	1,095	-11.1	*	1.9	1,095	-40	579,045
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	26.4	495	18.9	495	-7.4	*	2.2	494	-28	271,282
Hispanic	137	20.5	137	11.0	137	-9.5		5.0	137	n.s.	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	39.0	156	27.1	156	-12.0		7.0	156	n.s.	77,605
18 - 29	674	34.6	593	22.2	590	-12.2	*	3.1	590	-35	334,383
30 - 39	660	25.4	611	17.2	610	-8.1	*	1.5	610	-32	319,934
40 +	309	12.7	305	3.9	306	-8.8	*	2.4	305	-69	159,337
Education
1 to 9 years	306	26.7	305	22.0	304	-4.4		3.8	303	n.s.	172,205
10 to 11 years	487	33.3	485	19.5	484	-13.6	*	3.1	484	-41	267,324
12 years or GED	517	20.6	513	13.4	512	-7.2	*	2.0	512	-35	269,258
College/grad school	486	28.3	485	15.6	485	-12.7	*	2.4	485	-45	250,299
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	29.3	696	19.7	694	-9.4	*	2.4	694	-32	355,193
Residential	326	34.7	326	22.4	326	-12.3	*	3.1	326	-35	173,811
Outpatient methadone	217	38.3	215	28.1	214	-9.9	*	3.8	213	-26	47,343
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	20.8	554	11.5	554	-9.3	*	2.8	554	-45	385,379
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	25.5	1,114	14.4	1,112	-11.0	*	1.6	1,112	-43	617,306
Marijuana	443	35.6	443	23.4	441	-11.9	*	3.3	441	-33	247,550
Cocaine	443	39.0	432	29.0	430	-9.7	*	1.9	430	-25	210,515
Crack	382	34.1	381	21.0	379	-12.9	*	2.7	379	-38	222,255
Heroin	315	49.7	312	35.3	312	-14.3	*	3.6	311	-29	109,019
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	28.5	520	18.5	522	-10.0	*	2.9	522	-35	310,717
Health problems	437	32.0	436	18.5	434	-13.2	*	2.4	434	-41	222,806
Relationship problems	837	31.2	834	19.9	832	-11.2	*	2.0	832	-36	440,251
Pressure from employer	132	20.3	132	18.6	131	-1.5		3.1	131	n.s.	65,799
Financial problems	501	36.7	500	22.6	499	-14.1	*	2.8	499	-38	255,053
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	27.4	295	23.5	294	-3.4		2.2	293	n.s.	177,149
1 week - less than 1 month	473	33.1	471	16.6	470	-16.4	*	2.4	470	-50	237,693
1 month - less than 6 months	661	25.5	660	18.3	660	-7.1	*	2.3	660	-28	357,637
6 months or more	345	24.8	344	10.4	343	-14.4	*	3.4	343	-58	172,426
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	25.6	1,188	15.1	1,187	-10.3	*	1.8	1,187	-40	652,261
Treatment not completed	507	34.4	503	24.7	503	-9.4	*	2.2	502	-27	256,263
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	25.1	7,547	13.9	757	-11.0	*	1.8	756	-44	411,142
Somewhat/not helpful	977	29.7	973	20.7	971	-8.9	*	2.2	971	-30	515,978
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	20.8	529	10.0	529	-10.8	*	2.2	529	-52	314,802
1-2	708	23.2	705	16.0	704	-7.0	*	1.9	703	-30	366,023
3 or more	525	41.8	523	28.6	521	-13.0	*	2.9	521	-31	259,801
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	23.1	980	14.1	979	-8.9	*	0.8	979	-39	553,582
1-2	553	27.7	551	19.4	550	-8.1	*	0.9	552	-29	275,645
3 or more	244	46.3	243	28.1	242	-18.2	*	3.5	242	-39	121,607
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	22.9	837	10.5	837	-12.4	*	1.9	837	-54	485,523
1 or more	943	31.8	938	24.4	935	-7.3	*	2.3	934	-23	485,372
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-36. Percentage who engaged in breaking and entering during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage engaging in breaking and entering
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	13.6	1,792	8.4	1,793	-5.2	*	1.2	1792	-38	964,140
Sex
Male	1,251	16.7	1,244	10.1	1,245	-6.6	*	1.6	1,244	-40	687,538
Female	548	5.7	548	4.1	545	-1.6		1.3	548	n.s.	276,602
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	14.9	1,096	8.4	1,097	-6.5	*	1.4	1,096	-44	579,050
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	10.6	497	9.6	497	-1.0		2.0	497	n.s.	272,951
Hispanic	137	12.1	137	5.5	137	-6.6		5.1	137	n.s.	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	26.7	156	23.6	156	-3.1		6.4	156	n.s.	77,605
18 - 29	674	18.6	592	11.4	593	-7.2	*	2.1	592	-39	335,128
30 - 39	660	11.4	610	6.9	610	-4.5	*	1.8	610	-39	319,957
40 +	309	3.8	308	0.9	305	-2.9	*	1.3	308	-76	160,982
Education
1 to 9 years	306	17.6	306	13.5	306	-4.0		2.3	306	n.s.	173,263
10 to 11 years	487	15.0	484	8.4	484	-6.5	*	2.8	484	-43	267,189
12 years or GED	517	10.7	514	6.3	515	-4.4	*	1.3	514	-41	270,747
College/grad school	486	12.5	485	7.2	485	-5.3	*	2.0	485	-42	250,299
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	14.4	696	8.8	696	-5.6	*	1.7	696	-39	356,444
Residential	326	18.7	324	11.3	325	-7.4	*	3.0	324	-40	172,607
Outpatient methadone	217	19.1	216	10.8	216	-8.2	*	3.9	216	-43	47,712
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	9.9	556	6.5	556	-3.4		1.9	556	n.s.	387,375
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	13.8	1,114	7.1	1,115	-6.8	*	1.4	1,114	-49	618,841
Marijuana	443	23.9	442	14.1	443	-9.7	*	2.8	442	-41	248,243
Cocaine	443	17.3	432	15.1	432	-2.2		1.9	432	n.s.	210,720
Crack	382	17.6	379	10.7	379	-6.9	*	3.1	379	-39	222,926
Heroin	315	18.7	313	13.5	313	-5.2		2.4	313	n.s.	109,338
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	19.1	522	12.0	522	-7.2	*	2.1	522	-38	310,717
Health problems	437	16.1	436	8.4	436	-7.7	*	1.2	436	-48	224,059
Relationship problems	837	14.8	835	9.7	835	-5.1		2.0	835	n.s.	442,236
Pressure from employer	132	10.6	132	9.6	132	-1.0		2.5	132	n.s.	65,959
Financial problems	501	16.8	499	10.6	500	-6.1	*	2.1	499	-36	255,006
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	14.6	297	12.4	297	-2.2		2.7	297	n.s.	179,470
1 week - less than 1 month	473	14.9	470	6.6	471	-8.3	*	1.8	470	-56	237,295
1 month - less than 6 months	661	14.6	659	8.7	659	-5.8	*	2.0	659	-40	356,991
6 months or more	345	9.3	345	6.8	345	-2.6		2.4	345	n.s.	173,563
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	12.1	1,186	6.7	1,187	-5.4	*	1.6	1,186	-45	652,253
Treatment not completed	507	18.8	504	14.0	504	-4.8	*	1.8	504	-26	257,161
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	11.3	756	6.6	757	-4.7	*	1.8	756	-42	411,520
Somewhat/not helpful	977	15.6	973	10.2	973	-5.3	*	2.2	971	-34	516,649
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	9.2	529	3.5	529	-5.7	*	1.5	529	-62	315,486
1-2	708	10.9	705	7.6	706	-3.2	*	1.7	705	-29	366,680
3 or more	525	22.7	523	15.6	523	-7.1	*	2.3	523	-31	260,473
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	11.2	979	7.8	980	-3.4	*	1.3	979	-30	554,713
1-2	553	13.7	552	7.5	552	-6.2	*	1.7	552	-45	276,366
3 or more	244	23.7	243	13.4	243	-10.4	*	3.1	243	-44	121,767
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	10.5	837	3.2	837	-7.3	*	1.5	837	-70	486,056
1 or more	943	16.6	938	13.9	939	-2.7		1.6	935	n.s.	468,851
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-37. Percentage who violated parole during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage violating parole
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	16.6	1,788	20.9	1,784	4.3	*	1.4	1784	26	960,136
Sex
Male	1,251	19.2	1,242	24.6	1,239	5.4	*	1.7	1,239	28	685,082
Female	548	10.2	546	11.8	545	1.6		1.4	545	n.s.	275,054
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	18.1	1,094	20.8	1,093	2.8		1.7	1,093	n.s.	576,301
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	12.9	496	20.6	494	7.7	*	2.2	494	60	272,552
Hispanic	137	17.5	136	17.0	135	-0.7		3.1	135	n.s.	78,674
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	16.7	156	23.5	156	6.8		4.7	156	n.s.	77,605
18 - 29	674	21.3	591	27.1	590	5.8	*	2.5	590	27	334,853
30 - 39	660	16.2	608	21.6	607	5.4	*	2.4	607	33	317,355
40 +	309	7.4	307	7.7	306	0.3		2.0	306	n.s.	160,116
Education
1 to 9 years	306	21.2	306	26.1	305	4.8		2.8	305	n.s.	172,798
10 to 11 years	487	19.5	483	22.5	482	2.9		2.8	482	n.s.	265,404
12 years or GED	517	13.5	513	20.8	511	7.3	*	2.3	511	54	270,029
College/grad school	486	13.6	483	16.0	483	2.4		1.9	483	n.s.	249,264
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	18.4	694	20.1	692	1.6		1.8	692	n.s.	354,722
Residential	326	21.1	325	33.5	325	12.3	*	2.5	325	58	172,692
Outpatient methadone	217	22.6	214	21.4	213	-0.8		4.2	213	n.s.	47,132
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	12.2	555	15.9	554	3.7		2.0	554	n.s.	385,589
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	16.4	1,111	18.9	1,109	2.5		1.5	1,109	n.s.	615,722
Marijuana	443	22.3	442	28.5	442	6.2	*	3.0	442	28	248,458
Cocaine	443	19.4	429	26.9	428	7.5	*	3.0	428	39	209,605
Crack	382	21.1	378	26.9	376	5.7		2.6	376	n.s.	221,750
Heroin	315	25.9	311	29.2	311	3.3		4.4	311	n.s.	109,017
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	25.6	521	31.3	520	5.6		2.9	520	n.s.	308,931
Health problems	437	15.7	436	19.1	435	3.4		1.7	435	n.s.	223,148
Relationship problems	837	16.4	832	21.9	832	5.6	*	1.9	832	34	440,858
Pressure from employer	132	17.2	131	21.0	131	3.8		4.5	131	n.s.	65,799
Financial problems	501	21.8	497	25.6	497	3.8		2.3	497	n.s.	254,125
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	15.6	297	24.9	294	9.1	*	2.5	294	58	177,581
1 week - less than 1 month	473	21.3	468	23.6	468	2.2		2.8	468	n.s.	236,948
1 month - less than 6 months	661	16.2	658	20.9	657	4.7	*	2.0	657	29	356,343
6 months or more	345	12.4	345	12.0	345	-0.4		2.5	345	n.s.	173,563
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	14.6	1,183	16.8	1,180	2.2		1.4	1,180	n.s.	649,163
Treatment not completed	507	22.8	504	30.7	503	7.9	*	2.9	503	35	256,648
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	14.8	755	18.2	754	3.4		1.7	754	n.s.	410,637
Somewhat/not helpful	977	18.4	971	23.5	968	5.1	*	1.9	968	28	513,930
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	9.7	527	11.2	525	1.5		2.1	525	n.s.	313,812
1-2	708	15.6	705	21.3	704	5.7	*	2.0	704	37	355,092
3 or more	525	26.8	522	32.6	521	5.7	*	2.4	521	21	259,133
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	11.4	977	16.7	974	5.3	*	1.7	974	46	552,499
1-2	553	21.2	551	26.2	550	4.9	*	2.5	550	23	274,978
3 or more	244	30.9	243	28.9	243	2.0		2.0	243	n.s.	121,767
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	13.1	835	13.9	833	0.8		1.6	833	n.s.	484,382
1 or more	943	20.1	937	28.0	935	8.0	*	2.2	935	40	466,923
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or the p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-38. Percentage with Selected Lifestyle characteristics during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	Percentage
Characteristics	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Had custody of children	37.5	1,774	41.0	1,767	3.5	*	1.7	1,766	9	947,257
Lost custody of children	7.7	1,799	5.4	1,799	-2.3	*	0.9	1,799	-30	967,012
Homeless at least two nights	21.8	1,795	14.4	1,794	-7.4	*	1.3	1,792	-34	963,821
Spent time in shelter	3.9	1,794	2.6	1,797	-1.3		0.7	1,793	n.s.	964,279
Spent time on street	10.3	1,799	6.2	1,799	-4.1	*	0.9	1,799	-40	967,012
Spent time both in shelter and on street	7.4	1,799	5.5	1,799	-1.9	*	0.7	1,799	-26	967,012
Been attacked with weapon or seriously hit or beaten	31.8	1,795	24.9	1,790	-6.7	*	1.5	1,787	-21	960,378
Beaten seriously enough to see a doctor or to stay in bed	20.5	1,798	16.9	1,796	-3.6	*	1.5	1,795	-18	964,013
Injected drugs	23.1	1,799	14.3	1,799	-8.8	*	1.5	1,799	-38	967,012
Sad or depressed	53.9	1,796	53.1	1,796	-0.7		1.2	1,795	n.s.	965,346
Attempted suicide	15.2	1,798	8.6	1,796	-6.6	*	1.1	1,796	-43	965,811
Had hallucinations or delusions	18.8	1,791	16.4	1,797	-2.5	*	1.1	1,791	-13	964,067
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-39. Percentage who were employed full-time during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage employed full-time
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	75.3	1,685	74.4	1,685	-0.8		2.6	1685	n.s.	911,992
Sex
Male	1,251	81.0	1,174	78.1	1,174	-2.8		2.1	1,174	n.s.	651,931
Female	548	61.3	511	65.3	511	4.0		4.2	511	n.s.	260,060
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	76.0	1,032	80.9	1,032	4.8	*	2.4	1,032	6	547,534
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	73.3	454	61.0	454	-12.5	*	3.1	454	-17	251,759
Hispanic	137	81.6	134	71.7	134	-9.9	*	5.0	134	-12	78,835
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	25.4	133	89.5	133	64.1	*	5.1	133	252	65,986
18 - 29	674	74.2	570	78.1	570	3.9		3.0	570	n.s.	324,381
30 - 39	660	83.8	576	75.4	576	-8.3	*	2.1	576	-10	303,107
40 +	309	79.6	280	60.3	280	-19.3	*	3.7	280	-24	148,545
Education
1 to 9 years	306	72.0	290	64.8	290	-7.2	*	3.0	290	-10	166,025
10 to 11 years	487	71.5	446	70.5	446	-1.0		4.3	446	n.s.	249,453
12 years or GED	517	78.1	489	78.9	486	0.8		3.8	489	n.s.	257,024
College/grad school	486	79.7	453	81.3	453	1.6		3.7	453	n.s.	235,351
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	75.3	657	71.4	657	-3.8		3.1	657	n.s.	338,973
Residential	326	80.0	310	76.7	310	-3.3		2.9	310	n.s.	166,943
Outpatient methadone	217	76.6	196	57.8	196	-18.8	*	4.8	196	-25	43,944
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	73.3	518	78.6	518	5.3		5.0	518	n.s.	360,635
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	76.6	1,044	76.3	1,044	-0.3		2.6	1,044	n.s.	584,493
Marijuana	443	75.6	416	81.8	416	6.2		5.0	416	n.s.	235,294
Cocaine	443	78.7	400	71.9	400	-6.8		3.2	400	n.s.	208,160
Crack	382	77.8	359	71.9	359	-5.9		2.5	359	n.s.	200,571
Heroin	315	72.9	290	54.5	290	-18.5	*	5.0	290	-25	103,696
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	78.4	500	79.1	500	0.7		3.7	500	n.s.	297,004
Health problems	437	75.2	397	66.5	397	-8.7		3.5	397	n.s.	204,161
Relationship problems	837	78.2	796	75.0	796	-3.2		2.7	796	n.s.	423,936
Pressure from employer	132	90.7	127	86.9	127	-3.8		5.0	127	n.s.	63,877
Financial problems	501	80.1	473	73.2	473	-7.0		3.0	473	n.s.	242,756
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	71.5	277	65.9	277	-5.5		4.2	277	n.s.	168,937
1 week - less than 1 month	473	79.5	450	76.3	450	-3.2		3.6	450	n.s.	226,588
1 month - less than 6 months	661	73.9	614	76.8	614	2.9		3.7	614	n.s.	334,495
6 months or more	345	75.6	320	74.7	320	0.9		5.2	320	n.s.	163,689
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	78.1	1,120	76.7	1,120	-1.5		2.5	1,120	n.s.	623,510
Treatment not completed	507	70.2	468	70.9	468	0.7		4.3	468	n.s.	238,028
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	78.4	717	76.5	717	-1.9		2.6	717	n.s.	4,557
Somewhat/not helpful	977	73.5	905	73.6	905	0.1		3.3	905	n.s.	3,668
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	74.2	929	76.4	929	2.2		3.3	929	n.s.	525,555
1-2	553	76.9	513	75.3	513	-1.6		2.9	513	n.s.	258,435
3 or more	244	77.7	224	66.2	224	-11.4	*	4.7	224	-15	116,170
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	76.3	790	78.3	790	2.0		3.6	790	n.s.	461,257
1 or more	943	74.6	877	71.3	877	-3.3		2.9	877	n.s.	440,621
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-40. Percentage who received additional treatment after SROS episode and mean number of episodes [SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	Percent receiving additional treatment	Mean number of additional episodes	N
Total	49.2	2.18	957,779
Sex
Male	48.8	2.28	683,190
Female	50.0	1.97	274,588
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	49.0	2.17	574,630
Black (non-Hispanic)	53.3	2.10	273,092
Hispanic	37.8	2.59	77,446
Age
Less than 18	48.1	1.77	77,604
18 to 29	49.4	2.27	379,861
30 to 39	53.0	2.20	342,402
40 +	40.9	2.14	157,910
Number of Prior Treatment Episodes
0	43.1	1.94	555,009
1-2	52.7	1.99	274,483
3 or more	69.6	3.20	121,500
(page 1 of 2)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	57.9	2.50	354,410
Residential	53.7	2.00	170,900
Outpatient methadone	68.8	2.07	47,172
Outpatient nonmethadone	36.7	1.87	385,297
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	64.9	2.78	176,006
1 week - less than 1 month	50.9	2.06	235,700
1 month - less than 6 months	45.4	1.95	355,690
6 months or more	40.1	1.92	173,563
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	47.0	2.16	650,064
Treatment not completed	55.6	2.21	256,748
Main Drug at Time of Intake^a
Alcohol	47.5	2.16	614,937
Marijuana	47.9	2.27	248,531
Cocaine	63.4	2.27	222,384
Crack	60.9	2.51	212,232
Heroin	76.7	2.64	107,783
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. ^a Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 2 of 2)

Table B-41. Correlates of alcohol use in the five years after treatment (Tx) — Results of logistic regression models [SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
	MODEL 1		MODEL 2		MODEL 3
Multiple R-Squared	0.15		0.18		0.19
Observations Used in Analysis	1,763		1,408		1,377
Weighted Count	948,409		788,698		771,897
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES	Odds ratios¹
Pre-Treatment
Age in years (linear)	0.84	*	0.89	*	0.87	*
Age in years squared (nonlinear)	1.00	*	1.00	*	1.00	*
Used alcohol before Tx vs not	10.91	*	11.13	*	10.70	*
Used marijuana before Tx vs not	1.02		0.90		0.94
Used crack before Tx vs not	0.90		0.79		0.76
Used cocaine before Tx vs not	1.07		0.97		0.96
Used heroin before Tx vs not	1.19		1.30		1.16
Male vs female	1.43	*	1.42		1.45
Black vs white	1.46		1.49		1.62
Hispanic vs white	0.54	*	0.57	*	0.59	*
Other race vs white	0.66		0.54		0.57
Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not	0.88	*	0.96		0.97

Treatment
Completed treatment plan vs not			0.77		0.79
LOS 1 week to 1 month vs <1 week			0.73		0.88
LOS 1-6 months vs <1 week			0.55	*	0.64
LOS more than 6 months vs <1 week			0.33	*	0.38	*
Counselor understood client vs not			0.74	*	0.73	*
Used drugs during Tx vs not			2.03	*	1.90	*
Facility revenue per patient			1.00		1.00
Facility revenue above median vs below			1.43		1.48
Residential vs inpatient			1.04		1.03
Methadone vs inpatient			0.40	*	0.42
Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient			0.80		0.90

Post-Treatment
Had more treatment after Tx vs not					1.30	*
Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not					1.00

¹ An odds ratio above 1.00 means alcohol use becomes more likely; an odds ratio below 1.00 means

alcohol use becomes less likely. * Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-42. Correlates of any drug use in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of logistic regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.35

0.39

0.42

Observations Used in Analysis

1,770

1,414

1,383

Weighted Count

952,310

791,647

774,847

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Odds ratios¹

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

0.96

0.98

0.97

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Used alcohol before Tx vs not

0.48

*

0.44

*

0.41

*

Used marijuana before Tx vs not

5.53

*

5.21

*

5.64

*

Used crack before Tx vs not

1.73

*

1.67

*

1.48

Used cocaine before Tx vs not

1.72

*

1.63

*

1.54

*

Used heroin before Tx vs not

5.21

*

4.26

*

2.94

*

Male vs female

1.62

*

1.70

*

1.72

*

Black vs white

1.15

1.06

1.13

Hispanic vs white

0.61

0.52

0.49

Other race vs white

1.51

1.22

1.23

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

1.12

*

1.20

1.19

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

0.61

*

0.67

*

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs <1 week

0.59

*

0.74

LOS 1-6 months vs <1 week

0.83

0.99

LOS more than 6 months vs <1 week

0.42

*

0.50

*

Counselor understood client vs not

1.17

1.22

Used drugs during Tx vs not

3.13

*

3.00

*

Facility revenue per patient

1.00

1.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

1.31

1.27

Residential vs inpatient

1.28

1.36

Methadone vs inpatient

1.97

2.48

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

0.66

0.82

Post-Treatment Variables

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

1.58

*

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

0.99

¹ An odds ratio above 1.00 means drug use becomes more likely; an odds ratio below 1.00 means

drug use becomes less likely. * Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-43. Correlates of marijuana use in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of logistic regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.43

0.48

0.48

Observations Used in Analysis

1,756

1,402

1,371

Weighted Count

943,842

784,113

767,313

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Odds ratios¹

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

0.82

*

0.84

*

0.84

*

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

1.00

*

1.00

1.00

*

Used alcohol before Tx vs not

1.04

0.85

0.74

Used marijuana before Tx vs not

24.29

*

28.79

*

30.57

*

Used crack before Tx vs not

0.93

0.98

0.86

Used cocaine before Tx vs not

1.48

*

1.43

1.39

Used heroin before Tx vs not

1.12

1.14

1.08

Male vs female

2.10

*

2.53

*

2.56

*

Black vs white

1.09

1.26

1.31

Hispanic vs white

0.57

0.62

0.57

Other race vs white

2.36

2.12

2.12

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

1.03

1.14

1.13

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

0.77

0.78

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs <1 week

0.71

0.77

LOS 1-6 months vs <1 week

1.19

1.23

LOS more than 6 months vs <1 week

0.50

*

0.48

*

Counselor understood client vs not

1.26

1.25

Used drugs during Tx vs not

3.71

*

3.86

*

Facility revenue per patient

1.00

1.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

1.49

1.49

Residential vs inpatient

0.98

1.14

Methadone vs inpatient

0.84

0.87

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

1.12

1.17

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

1.14

*

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

1.00

¹ An odds ratio above 1.00 means marijuana use becomes more likely; an odds ratio below 1.00 means

marijuana use becomes less likely. * Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-44. Correlates of cocaine use in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of logistic regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.22

0.25

0.26

Observations Used in Analysis

1,767

1,412

1,381

Weighted Count

951,032

790,876

774,075

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Odds ratios¹

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear

0.93

0.98

0.97

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Used alcohol before Tx vs not

1.15

1.14

0.98

Used marijuana before Tx vs not

1.88

*

1.86

*

2.03

*

Used crack before Tx vs not

0.77

0.79

0.77

Used cocaine before Tx vs not

8.58

*

7.54

*

7.39

*

Used heroin before Tx vs not

2.41

*

2.03

*

1.84

*

Male vs female

1.15

1.28

1.26

Black vs white

1.26

1.23

1.26

Hispanic vs white

1.32

1.17

1.08

Other race vs white

0.90

0.79

0.76

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

1.00

1.08

1.08

Treatment

Completed treatment vs not

0.79

0.79

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs <1 week

0.72

0.83

LOS 1-6 months vs <1 week

0.92

1.01

LOS more than 6 months vs <1 week

0.34

*

0.37

*

Counselor understood client vs not

0.99

0.99

Used drugs during Tx vs not

3.00

*

2.92

*

Facility revenue per patient

1.00

1.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

1.03

0.99

Residential vs inpatient

0.87

0.88

Methadone vs inpatient

1.48

1.58

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

0.61

0.68

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

1.09

*

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

1.01

¹ An odds ratio above 1.00 means cocaine use becomes more likely; an odds ratio below 1.00 means

cocaine use becomes less likely. * Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-45. Correlates of crack use in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of logistic regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.27

0.29

0.32

Observations Used in Analysis

1,764

1,408

1,378

Weighted Count

948,481

787,817

771,621

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Odds ratios¹

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

1.03

1.06

1.05

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Used alcohol before Tx vs not

1.23

1.23

1.07

Used marijuana before Tx vs not

1.49

1.35

1.45

Used crack before Tx vs not

8.41

*

7.61

*

7.46

*

Used cocaine before Tx vs not

1.58

*

1.48

1.45

Used heroin before Tx vs not

1.02

1.00

0.87

Male vs female

1.12

1.21

1.20

Black vs white

1.93

*

1.72

*

1.79

*

Hispanic vs white

0.92

0.84

0.83

Other race vs white

0.92

0.64

0.59

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

1.06

1.26

1.25

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

0.86

0.87

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs <1 week

0.66

0.77

LOS 1-6 months vs <1 week

1.04

1.17

LOS more than 6 months vs <1 week

0.54

0.59

Counselor understood client vs not

1.27

1.25

Used drugs during Tx vs not

2.32

*

2.03

*

Facility revenue per patient

1.00

1.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

0.73

0.75

Residential vs inpatient

0.79

0.84

Methadone vs inpatient

0.69

0.73

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

0.47

*

0.54

*

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

1.26

*

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

1.00

¹ An odds ratio above 1.00 means crack use becomes more likely; an odds ratio below 1.00 means

crack use becomes less likely. * Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-46. Correlates of heroin use in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of logistic regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.44

0.47

0.47

Observations Used in Analysis

1,767

1,411

1,380

Weighted Count

949,937

789,274

772,474

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Odds ratios¹

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

0.99

1.03

1.01

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Used alcohol before Tx vs not

0.68

0.68

0.66

Used marijuana before Tx vs not

0.90

0.76

0.72

Used crack before Tx vs not

0.92

0.84

0.72

Used cocaine before Tx vs not

1.95

*

1.97

1.93

Used heroin before Tx vs not

48.91

*

47.94

*

44.26

*

Male vs female

1.27

1.34

1.43

Black vs white

1.21

1.31

1.39

Hispanic vs white

2.27

*

1.62

1.51

Other race vs white

0.69

0.57

0.55

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

1.20

0.93

0.90

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

0.62

0.62

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs <1 week

1.05

1.16

LOS 1-6 months vs <1 week

1.16

1.26

LOS more than 6 months vs <1 week

1.01

1.11

Counselor understood client vs not

0.73

*

0.75

Used drugs during Tx vs not

2.34

*

2.32

*

Facility revenue per patient

1.00

1.00

*

Facility revenue above median vs below

1.77

1.88

Residential vs inpatient

0.63

0.64

Methadone vs inpatient

0.46

0.49

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

0.29

*

0.32

*

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

1.07

*

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

1.02

*

¹ An odds ratio above 1.00 means heroin use becomes more likely; an odds ratio below 1.00 means

heroin use becomes less likely. * Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-47. Correlates of alcohol use in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of OLS regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.13

0.15

0.15

Observations Used in Analysis

1,747

1,397

1,370

Weighted Count

943,093

784,637

769,838

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Coefficients

Intercept

8.13

9.49

9.05

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

-0.18

-0.09

-0.10

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

0.00

0.00

0.00

Days/month used alcohol before Tx

0.30

*

0.28

*

0.28

*

Days/month used marijuana before Tx

0.03

0.01

0.02

Days/month used crack before Tx

0.03

0.03

0.02

Days/month used cocaine before Tx

-0.02

-0.04

-0.04

Days/month used heroin before Tx

0.14

*

0.18

*

0.18

*

Male vs female

1.61

*

0.96

0.91

Black vs white

1.42

*

0.95

0.94

Hispanic vs white

-1.51

-1.78

*

-1.86

Other race vs white

0.28

-0.09

-0.14

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

-0.35

-0.21

-0.18

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

-0.64

-0.76

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs < 1 month

-2.21

*

-1.82

*

LOS 1-6 months vs < 1 month

-3.32

*

-3.15

*

LOS more than 6 months vs < 1 month

-5.34

*

-5.11

*

Counselor understood client

0.08

0.14

Used drugs during Tx vs not

3.10

*

2.89

*

Facility revenue per patient

0.00

0.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

0.92

0.95

Residential vs inpatient

0.99

0.20

Methadone vs inpatient

-2.93

0.03

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

0.14

1.17

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

-3.19

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

0.40

* Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-48. Correlates of marijuana use in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of OLS regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.25

0.27

0.28

Observations Used in Analysis

1,739

1,388

1,360

Weighted Count

936,875

777,467

762,160

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Coefficients

Intercept

8.88

5.88

5.15

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

-0.43

*

-0.38

*

-0.38

*

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

0.00

*

0.00

*

0.00

*

Days/month used alcohol before Tx

0.03

0.03

0.03

Days/month used marijuana before Tx

0.33

*

0.29

*

0.29

*

Days/month used crack before Tx

0.01

0.00

-0.01

Days/month used cocaine before Tx

0.00

0.02

0.02

Days/month used heroin before Tx

0.02

0.04

0.03

Male vs female

1.62

*

1.89

*

1.81

*

Black vs white

0.19

0.09

0.15

Hispanic vs white

-0.44

-0.37

-0.37

Other race vs white

1.76

0.26

0.20

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

0.13

0.49

0.53

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

-0.08

-0.12

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs < 1 month

-1.38

-1.00

LOS 1-6 months vs < 1 month

-0.86

-0.63

LOS more than 6 months vs < 1 month

-1.81

-1.51

Counselor understood client vs not

0.29

0.30

Used drugs during Tx vs not

3.11

*

2.96

*

Facility revenue per patient

0.00

0.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

0.33

0.34

Residential vs inpatient

1.07

0.41

Methadone vs inpatient

-1.09

0.01

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

0.95

1.37

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

-1.01

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

1.31

* Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-49. Correlates of crack use in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of OLS regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.24

0.26

0.29

Observations Used in Analysis

1,751

1,400

1,372

Weighted Count

944,764

785,356

770,050

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Coefficients

Intercept

3.09

4.63

3.62

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

-0.11

-0.11

-0.14

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

0.00

0.00

0.00

Days/month used alcohol before Tx

0.01

-0.01

0.00

Days/month used marijuana before Tx

0.04

*

0.02

0.03

Days/month used crack before Tx

0.36

*

0.39

*

0.37

*

Days/month used cocaine before Tx

0.04

0.04

0.03

Days/month used heroin before Tx

0.02

0.01

-0.02

Male vs female

-0.20

0.13

0.06

Black vs white

1.38

*

0.97

1.16

*

Hispanic vs white

0.02

0.33

0.17

Other race vs white

0.69

-0.84

-0.89

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

0.18

*

0.64

*

0.68

*

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

-0.63

-0.60

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs < 1 month

-0.67

-0.18

LOS 1-6 months vs < 1 month

-0.56

-0.13

LOS more than 6 months vs < 1 month

-1.15

-0.68

Counselor understood client vs not

-0.44

-0.44

Used drugs during Tx vs not

1.50

*

1.09

Facility revenue per patient

0.00

0.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

-0.44

-0.37

Residential vs inpatient

-0.67

0.79

*

Methadone vs inpatient

-0.49

0.00

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

-0.74

-0.58

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

0.04

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

-0.17

* Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-50. Correlates of cocaine use in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of OLS regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.24

0.25

0.26

Observations Used in Analysis

1,750

1,400

1,372

Weighted Count

945,948

787,047

771,741

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Coefficients

Intercept

1.23

1.57

1.36

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

-0.06

-0.02

-0.04

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

0.00

0.00

0.00

Days/month used alcohol before Tx

0.00

-0.01

-0.01

Days/month used marijuana before Tx

0.02

0.02

0.01

Days/month used crack before Tx

0.01

-0.01

-0.01

Days/month used cocaine before Tx

0.30

*

0.30

*

0.29

*

Days/month used heroin before Tx

0.14

*

0.13

*

0.12

*

Male vs female

0.27

0.52

0.52

Black vs white

0.84

0.83

0.94

Hispanic vs white

1.33

1.13

0.80

Other race vs white

0.37

0.36

0.38

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

0.06

0.04

0.04

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

-0.69

-0.72

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs < 1 month

-0.61

-0.43

LOS 1-6 months vs < 1 month

-0.41

-0.33

LOS more than 6 months vs < 1 month

-1.61

*

-1.49

*

Counselor understood client vs not

-0.27

-0.35

Used drugs during Tx vs not

1.59

*

1.53

*

Facility revenue per patient

0.00

0.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

-0.22

-0.15

Residential vs inpatient

-0.06

0.27

Methadone vs inpatient

0.40

0.02

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

0.11

0.25

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

0.78

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

0.54

* Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-51. Correlates of heroin use in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of OLS regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.49

0.48

0.46

Observations Used in Analysis

1,749

1,399

1,371

Weighted Count

944,001

784,937

769,631

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Coefficients

Intercept

-0.58

-0.43

-0.43

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

0.04

0.14

*

0.13

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

0.00

0.00

0.00

Days/month used alcohol before Tx

-0.01

-0.01

-0.01

Days/month used marijuana before Tx

0.01

0.00

0.00

Days/month used crack before Tx

-0.02

-0.02

-0.03

Days/month used cocaine before Tx

0.04

0.04

0.04

Days/month used heroin before Tx

0.58

*

0.56

*

0.54

*

Male vs female

0.04

0.07

0.06

Black vs white

0.46

0.51

0.55

Hispanic vs white

0.77

0.59

0.41

Other race vs white

0.56

0.76

0.77

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

0.00

-0.50

*

-0.52

*

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

-1.16

*

-1.13

*

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs < 1 month

-0.31

-0.35

LOS 1-6 months vs < 1 month

-0.12

-0.10

LOS more than 6 months vs < 1 month

0.06

0.17

Counselor understood client vs not

0.47

*

0.39

Used drugs during Tx vs not

0.63

*

0.64

*

Facility revenue per patient

0.00

*

0.00

*

Facility revenue above median vs below

0.41

0.47

Residential vs inpatient

-0.37

0.16

Methadone vs inpatient

-1.20

0.01

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

-1.12

-0.42

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

-0.99

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

-1.00

* Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-52. Correlates of drug selling in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of logistic regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.31

0.35

0.35

Observations Used in Analysis

1,777

1,424

1,392

Weighted Count

957,382

797,924

779,973

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Odds ratios¹

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

0.84

*

0.84

*

0.83

*

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

1.00

*

1.00

*

1.00

*

Sell drugs before Tx vs not

10.49

*

9.49

*

9.68

*

Prostitution before Tx vs not

0.99

1.06

1.01

Larceny before Tx vs not

1.75

*

1.84

*

1.79

*

Break/enter before Tx vs not

1.22

1.15

1.16

Male vs female

1.42

*

1.62

*

1.54

*

Black vs white

1.54

*

1.65

*

1.67

*

Hispanic vs white

1.16

0.90

0.88

Other race vs white

1.02

0.74

0.74

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

1.04

1.13

1.11

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

0.92

0.90

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs <1 week

0.59

*

0.68

LOS 1-6 months vs <1 week

0.41

*

0.45

*

LOS more than 6 months vs <1 week

0.26

*

0.28

*

Counselor understood client vs not

1.06

1.05

Used drugs during Tx vs not

2.80

*

2.80

*

Facility revenue per patient

1.00

1.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

1.16

1.15

Residential vs inpatient

1.04

1.09

Methadone vs inpatient

1.40

1.39

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

1.31

1.40

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

1.11

*

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

1.00

¹ An odds ratio above 1.00 means drug selling becomes more likely; an odds ratio below 1.00 means

drug selling becomes less likely. * Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-53. Correlates of prostitution/procurement in the five years after treatment (Tx)—Results of logistic regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.33

0.4

0.41

Observations Used in Analysis

1,777

1,424

1,392

Weighted Count

957,382

797,924

779,973

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Odds ratios¹

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

1.01

1.01

0.99

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sell drugs before Tx vs not

1.06

0.80

0.79

Prostitution before Tx vs not

24.78

*

33.45

*

30.27

*

Larceny before Tx vs not

1.09

0.97

0.88

Break/enter before Tx vs not

1.95

*

2.48

*

2.75

*

Male vs female

0.61

0.45

*

0.41

*

Black vs white

3.10

*

2.83

*

3.13

*

Hispanic vs white

0.84

0.92

0.79

Other race vs white

0.07

*

0.03

*

0.03

*

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

1.03

1.32

1.34

Treatment

Completed treatment vs not

1.08

1.03

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs <1 week

0.31

*

0.37

*

LOS 1-6 months vs <1 week

0.16

*

0.18

*

LOS more than 6 months vs <1 week

0.14

*

0.18

*

Counselor understood client vs not

0.88

0.86

Used drugs during Tx vs not

2.59

*

2.41

*

Facility revenue per patient

1.00

1.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

1.77

1.90

Residential vs inpatient

1.21

1.34

Methadone vs inpatient

1.28

1.25

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

0.65

0.69

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

1.13

*

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

1.01

¹ An odds ratio above 1.00 means prostitution/procurement becomes more likely; an odds ratio below

1.00 means prostitution/procurement becomes less likely. * Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-54. Correlates of larceny/theft in the five years after treatment (Tx) —
Results of logistic regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.23

0.25

0.29

Observations Used in Analysis

1,774

1,423

1,391

Weighted Count

956,660

797,412

779,462

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Odds ratios¹

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

1.04

1.05

1.00

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sell drugs before Tx vs not

1.01

0.73

0.68

Prostitution before Tx vs not

1.57

*

1.39

1.17

Larceny before Tx vs not

6.96

*

7.03

*

6.89

*

Break/enter before Tx vs not

2.08

*

2.03

*

2.14

*

Male vs female

1.14

1.28

1.25

Black vs white

1.42

1.22

1.40

Hispanic vs white

0.74

0.54

0.47

Other race vs white

1.77

1.48

1.57

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

1.14

1.11

1.04

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

0.93

0.92

LOS 1 week to 1 month vs <1 week

0.41

*

0.53

LOS 1-6 months vs <1 week

0.64

0.81

LOS more than 6 months vs <1 week

0.33

*

0.41

*

Counselor understood client vs not

1.00

0.98

Used drugs during Tx vs not

2.25

*

2.12

*

Facility revenue per patient

1.00

1.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

1.17

1.20

Residential vs inpatient

1.06

1.16

Methadone vs inpatient

1.19

1.20

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

0.39

*

0.44

*

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

1.23

*

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

1.02

*

¹ An odds ratio above 1.00 means larceny/theft becomes more likely; an odds ratio below 1.00 means larceny/theft becomes less likely. * Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

Table B-55. Correlates of breaking and entering in the five years after
treatment (Tx) —Results of logistic regression models
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]

MODEL 1

MODEL 2

MODEL 3

Multiple R-Squared

0.27

0.28

0.36

Observations Used in Analysis

1,777

1,424

1,392

Weighted Count

957,382

797,924

779,973

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Odds ratios¹

Pre-Treatment

Age in years (linear)

0.86

0.88

0.82

Age in years squared (nonlinear)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sell drugs before Tx vs not

1.36

1.35

1.43

Prostitution before Tx vs not

3.10

*

2.89

*

2.66

*

Larceny before Tx vs not

1.68

1.92

*

1.45

Break/enter before Tx vs not

7.39

*

6.17

*

8.58

*

Male vs female

2.20

*

2.25

*

2.20

*

Black vs white

1.88

*

2.01

*

2.72

*

Hispanic vs white

0.72

1.08

0.88

Other race vs white

0.18

0.29

0.28

Entered Tx due to legal pressure vs not

1.27

*

1.13

1.07

Treatment

Completed treatment plan vs not

0.77

0.75

LOS 1 week top 1 month vs < 1 week

0.39

*

0.58

LOS 1-6 months vs < 1 week

0.61

0.89

LOS more than 6 months vs < 1 week

0.77

1.13

Counselor understood client vs not

0.99

0.92

Used drugs during Tx vs not

2.16

1.97

Facility revenue per patient

1.00

1.00

Facility revenue above median vs below

0.50

0.44

Residential vs inpatient

1.03

1.08

Methadone vs inpatient

1.14

1.30

Outpatient nonmethadone vs inpatient

0.76

1.01

Post-Treatment

Had more treatment after Tx vs not

1.27

*

Attended AA/NA/CA after Tx vs not

1.02

*

¹ An odds ratio above 1.00 means breaking and entering becomes more likely; an odds ratio below 1.00

means breaking and entering becomes less likely. * Significant at p<.05; LOS - Length of Stay.

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