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Australia-Oceania :: New Caledonia
(self-governing territory of France)
page last updated on July 31, 2009
Flag of New Caledonia
(CONTAINS DESCRIPTION)
Location of New Caledonia
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Map of New Caledonia
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Introduction ::New Caledonia
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Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s ended in the 1998 Noumea Accord, which over a period of 15 to 20 years will transfer an increasing amount of governing responsibility from France to New Caledonia. The agreement also commits France to conduct as many as three referenda between 2013 and 2018, to decide whether New Caledonia should assume full sovereignty and independence.
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Geography ::New Caledonia
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Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
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21 30 S, 165 30 E
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Oceania
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total: 18,575 sq km
country comparison to the world: 162
land: 18,275 sq km
water: 300 sq km
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slightly smaller than New Jersey
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0 km
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2,254 km
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territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
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tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid
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coastal plains with interior mountains
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lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m
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nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper
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arable land: 0.32%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 99.46% (2005)
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100 sq km (2003)
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cyclones, most frequent from November to March
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erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires
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consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls
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People ::New Caledonia
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227,436 (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
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0-14 years: 26.8% (male 31,191/female 29,870)
15-64 years: 65.8% (male 75,189/female 74,552)
65 years and over: 7.3% (male 7,681/female 8,953) (2009 est.)
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total: 28.7 years
male: 28.2 years
female: 29.2 years (2009 est.)
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1.136% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
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17.04 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
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5.68 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
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NA
note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New Caledonia (2009 est.)
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urban population: 65% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
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total: 7.05 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 168
male: 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
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total population: 74.98 years
country comparison to the world: 85
male: 71.99 years
female: 78.12 years (2009 est.)
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2.18 children born/woman (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119
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NA
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NA
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NA
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noun: New Caledonian(s)
adjective: New Caledonian
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Melanesian 44.1%, European 34.1%, Wallisian & Futunian 9%, Tahitian 2.6%, Indonesian 2.5%, Vietnamese 1.4%, Ni-Vanuatu 1.1%, other 5.2% (1996 census)
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Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%
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French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96.2%
male: 96.8%
female: 95.5% (1996 census)
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Government ::New Caledonia
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conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies
conventional short form: New Caledonia
local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances
local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie
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territorial collectivity of France since 1998
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NA
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name: Noumea
geographic coordinates: 22 16 S, 166 27 E
time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
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none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Province des Iles, Province Nord, and Province Sud
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none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014
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Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
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4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
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based on French civil law; the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands
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18 years of age; universal
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chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by High Commissioner Yves DASSONVILLE (since 9 November 2007)
head of government: President of the Government Philippe GOMES (since 5 June 2009)
cabinet: Cabinet consisting of 11 members elected from and by the Territorial Congress
elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress for a five-year term (no term limits); note - last election held 7 August 2007 when Harold MARTIN was elected following the resignation of Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU as president on 24 July 2007 (next to be held in 2012)
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elections: unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres du territoire (54 seats; members belong to the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) last held 9 May 2009 (next to be held in 10 May 2014)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 13, Caledonia Together 10, UC 8, UNI 8, AE 6, FLNKS 3, Labor Party 3, other 3
note: New Caledonia holds two seats in the French Senate; elections last held 21 September 2008 (next to be held not later than September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2; New Caledonia also elects two seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 10 and 17 June 2007 (next to be held on June 2012); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2
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Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
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Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Caledonia Together [Philippe GOMES]; Caledonian Union or UC [Charles PIDJOT]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Labor Party or PT [Louis Kora UREGEI]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; Rally for Caledonia or RPC [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Didier LEROUX]; The Rally or UMP [Pierre FROGIER]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]
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NA
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ITUC, PIF (associate member), SPC, UPU, WFTU, WMO
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none (overseas territory of France)
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none (overseas territory of France)
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the flag of France is used
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Economy ::New Caledonia
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New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than 15% of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. Substantial new investment in the nickel industry, combined with the recovery of global nickel prices, brightens the economic outlook for the next several years.
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$3.158 billion (2003 est.)
country comparison to the world: 172
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$3.3 billion (2003 est.)
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NA%
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$15,000 (2003 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
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agriculture: 15%
industry: 8.8%
services: 76.2% (2003)
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78,990 (2004)
country comparison to the world: 176
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agriculture: 20%
industry: 20%
services: 60% (2002)
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17.1% (2004)
country comparison to the world: 159
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NA%
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
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revenues: $996 million
expenditures: $1.072 billion (2001 est.)
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1.4% (2000 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
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$NA
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vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products; fish
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nickel mining and smelting
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1.602 billion kWh (2006 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
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1.49 billion kWh (2006 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
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0 kWh (2007 est.)
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0 kWh (2007 est.)
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0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
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11,560 bbl/day (2006 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
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356.2 bbl/day (2005)
country comparison to the world: 127
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11,780 bbl/day (2005)
country comparison to the world: 132
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0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
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0 cu m (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
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0 cu m (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
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0 cu m (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
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0 cu m (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148
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0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
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$1.341 billion f.o.b. (2006)
country comparison to the world: 145
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ferronickels, nickel ore, fish
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Japan 20.1%, China 14.5%, Taiwan 14.2%, France 11.6%, Belgium 10.4%, Spain 8.6%, South Africa 6.9% (2007)
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$1.998 billion f.o.b. (2006)
country comparison to the world: 152
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machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs
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France 36.7%, Singapore 14.7%, Australia 12.1%, NZ 5.2%, Germany 4.6% (2007)
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$79 million (1998 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189
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Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 87.59 (2007), 94.97 (2006), 95.89 (2005), 96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003)
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Communications ::New Caledonia
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60,200 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 157
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176,400 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 171
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general assessment: NA
domestic: a submarine cable network connection between New Caledonia and Australia, completed in 2007, is expected to significantly increase network capacity and improve high-speed connectivity and access to international networks
international: country code - 687; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2007)
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AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
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6 (plus 25 repeaters) (1997)
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.nc
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15,487 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 99
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80,000 (2006)
country comparison to the world: 150
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Transportation ::New Caledonia
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25 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 130
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total: 12
over 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 10
under 914 m: 1 (2008)
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total: 13
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 8 (2008)
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6 (2007)
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total: 5,622 km (2006)
country comparison to the world: 152
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total: 2
country comparison to the world: 146
by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 (2008)
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Noumea
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Military ::New Caledonia
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no regular military forces (2009)
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males age 16-49: 57,738 (2008 est.)
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males age 16-49: 48,288
females age 16-49: 48,959 (2009 est.)
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male: 2,160
female: 2,087 (2009 est.)
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NA
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defense is the responsibility of France
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Transnational Issues ::New Caledonia
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Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu
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