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Title 14--Aeronautics and Space
CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PART 25--AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES
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 | 25.1 | Applicability. |
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| 25.2 | Special retroactive requirements. |
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| 25.21 | Proof of compliance. |
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| 25.23 | Load distribution limits. |
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| 25.25 | Weight limits. |
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| 25.27 | Center of gravity limits. |
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| 25.29 | Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity. |
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| 25.31 | Removable ballast. |
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| 25.33 | Propeller speed and pitch limits. |
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| 25.101 | General. |
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| 25.103 | Stall speed. |
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| 25.105 | Takeoff. |
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| 25.107 | Takeoff speeds. |
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| 25.109 | Accelerate-stop distance. |
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| 25.111 | Takeoff path. |
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| 25.113 | Takeoff distance and takeoff run. |
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| 25.115 | Takeoff flight path. |
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| 25.117 | Climb: general. |
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| 25.119 | Landing climb: All-engines-operating. |
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| 25.121 | Climb: One-engine-inoperative. |
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| 25.123 | En route flight paths. |
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| 25.125 | Landing. |
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| 25.143 | General. |
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| 25.145 | Longitudinal control. |
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| 25.147 | Directional and lateral control. |
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| 25.149 | Minimum control speed. |
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| 25.161 | Trim. |
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| 25.171 | General. |
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| 25.173 | Static longitudinal stability. |
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| 25.175 | Demonstration of static longitudinal stability. |
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| 25.177 | Static lateral-directional stability. |
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| 25.181 | Dynamic stability. |
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| 25.201 | Stall demonstration. |
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| 25.203 | Stall characteristics. |
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| 25.207 | Stall warning. |
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| 25.231 | Longitudinal stability and control. |
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| 25.233 | Directional stability and control. |
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| 25.235 | Taxiing condition. |
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| 25.237 | Wind velocities. |
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| 25.239 | Spray characteristics, control, and stability on water. |
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| 25.251 | Vibration and buffeting. |
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| 25.253 | High-speed characteristics. |
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| 25.255 | Out-of-trim characteristics. |
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| 25.301 | Loads. |
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| 25.303 | Factor of safety. |
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| 25.305 | Strength and deformation. |
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| 25.307 | Proof of structure. |
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| 25.321 | General. |
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| 25.331 | Symmetric maneuvering conditions. |
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| 25.333 | Flight maneuvering envelope. |
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| 25.335 | Design airspeeds. |
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| 25.337 | Limit maneuvering load factors. |
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| 25.341 | Gust and turbulence loads. |
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| 25.343 | Design fuel and oil loads. |
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| 25.345 | High lift devices. |
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| 25.349 | Rolling conditions. |
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| 25.351 | Yaw maneuver conditions. |
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| 25.361 | Engine torque. |
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| 25.363 | Side load on engine and auxiliary power unit mounts. |
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| 25.365 | Pressurized compartment loads. |
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| 25.367 | Unsymmetrical loads due to engine failure. |
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| 25.371 | Gyroscopic loads. |
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| 25.373 | Speed control devices. |
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| 25.391 | Control surface loads: General. |
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| 25.393 | Loads parallel to hinge line. |
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| 25.395 | Control system. |
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| 25.397 | Control system loads. |
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| 25.399 | Dual control system. |
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| 25.405 | Secondary control system. |
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| 25.407 | Trim tab effects. |
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| 25.409 | Tabs. |
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| 25.415 | Ground gust conditions. |
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| 25.427 | Unsymmetrical loads. |
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| 25.445 | Auxiliary aerodynamic surfaces. |
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| 25.457 | Wing flaps. |
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| 25.459 | Special devices. |
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| 25.471 | General. |
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| 25.473 | Landing load conditions and assumptions. |
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| 25.477 | Landing gear arrangement. |
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| 25.479 | Level landing conditions. |
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| 25.481 | Tail-down landing conditions. |
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| 25.483 | One-gear landing conditions. |
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| 25.485 | Side load conditions. |
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| 25.487 | Rebound landing condition. |
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| 25.489 | Ground handling conditions. |
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| 25.491 | Taxi, takeoff and landing roll. |
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| 25.493 | Braked roll conditions. |
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| 25.495 | Turning. |
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| 25.497 | Tail-wheel yawing. |
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| 25.499 | Nose-wheel yaw and steering. |
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| 25.503 | Pivoting. |
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| 25.507 | Reversed braking. |
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| 25.509 | Towing loads. |
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| 25.511 | Ground load: unsymmetrical loads on multiple-wheel units. |
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| 25.519 | Jacking and tie-down provisions. |
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| 25.521 | General. |
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| 25.523 | Design weights and center of gravity positions. |
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| 25.525 | Application of loads. |
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| 25.527 | Hull and main float load factors. |
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| 25.529 | Hull and main float landing conditions. |
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| 25.531 | Hull and main float takeoff condition. |
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| 25.533 | Hull and main float bottom pressures. |
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| 25.535 | Auxiliary float loads. |
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| 25.537 | Seawing loads. |
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| 25.561 | General. |
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| 25.562 | Emergency landing dynamic conditions. |
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| 25.563 | Structural ditching provisions. |
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| 25.571 | Damage--tolerance and fatigue evaluation of structure. |
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| 25.581 | Lightning protection. |
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| 25.601 | General. |
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| 25.603 | Materials. |
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| 25.605 | Fabrication methods. |
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| 25.607 | Fasteners. |
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| 25.609 | Protection of structure. |
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| 25.611 | Accessibility provisions. |
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| 25.613 | Material strength properties and material design values. |
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| 25.619 | Special factors. |
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| 25.621 | Casting factors. |
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| 25.623 | Bearing factors. |
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| 25.625 | Fitting factors. |
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| 25.629 | Aeroelastic stability requirements. |
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| 25.631 | Bird strike damage. |
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| 25.651 | Proof of strength. |
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| 25.655 | Installation. |
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| 25.657 | Hinges. |
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| 25.671 | General. |
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| 25.672 | Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems. |
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| 25.675 | Stops. |
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| 25.677 | Trim systems. |
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| 25.679 | Control system gust locks. |
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| 25.681 | Limit load static tests. |
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| 25.683 | Operation tests. |
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| 25.685 | Control system details. |
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| 25.689 | Cable systems. |
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| 25.693 | Joints. |
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| 25.697 | Lift and drag devices, controls. |
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| 25.699 | Lift and drag device indicator. |
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| 25.701 | Flap and slat interconnection. |
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| 25.703 | Takeoff warning system. |
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| 25.721 | General. |
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| 25.723 | Shock absorption tests. |
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| 25.729 | Retracting mechanism. |
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| 25.731 | Wheels. |
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| 25.733 | Tires. |
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| 25.735 | Brakes and braking systems. |
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| 25.737 | Skis. |
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| 25.751 | Main float buoyancy. |
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| 25.753 | Main float design. |
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| 25.755 | Hulls. |
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| 25.771 | Pilot compartment. |
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| 25.772 | Pilot compartment doors. |
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| 25.773 | Pilot compartment view. |
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| 25.775 | Windshields and windows. |
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| 25.777 | Cockpit controls. |
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| 25.779 | Motion and effect of cockpit controls. |
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| 25.781 | Cockpit control knob shape. |
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| 25.783 | Fuselage doors. |
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| 25.785 | Seats, berths, safety belts, and harnesses. |
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| 25.787 | Stowage compartments. |
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| 25.789 | Retention of items of mass in passenger and crew compartments and galleys. |
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| 25.791 | Passenger information signs and placards. |
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| 25.793 | Floor surfaces. |
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| 25.795 | Security considerations. |
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| 25.801 | Ditching. |
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| 25.803 | Emergency evacuation. |
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| 25.807 | Emergency exits. |
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| 25.809 | Emergency exit arrangement. |
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| 25.810 | Emergency egress assist means and escape routes. |
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| 25.811 | Emergency exit marking. |
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| 25.812 | Emergency lighting. |
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| 25.813 | Emergency exit access. |
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| 25.815 | Width of aisle. |
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| 25.817 | Maximum number of seats abreast. |
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| 25.819 | Lower deck service compartments (including galleys). |
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| 25.820 | Lavatory doors. |
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| 25.831 | Ventilation. |
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| 25.832 | Cabin ozone concentration. |
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| 25.833 | Combustion heating systems. |
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| 25.841 | Pressurized cabins. |
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| 25.843 | Tests for pressurized cabins. |
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| 25.851 | Fire extinguishers. |
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| 25.853 | Compartment interiors. |
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| 25.854 | Lavatory fire protection. |
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| 25.855 | Cargo or baggage compartments. |
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| 25.856 | Thermal/Acoustic insulation materials. |
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| 25.857 | Cargo compartment classification. |
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| 25.858 | Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems. |
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| 25.859 | Combustion heater fire protection. |
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| 25.863 | Flammable fluid fire protection. |
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| 25.865 | Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure. |
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| 25.867 | Fire protection: other components. |
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| 25.869 | Fire protection: systems. |
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| 25.871 | Leveling means. |
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| 25.875 | Reinforcement near propellers. |
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| 25.901 | Installation. |
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| 25.903 | Engines. |
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| 25.904 | Automatic takeoff thrust control system (ATTCS). |
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| 25.905 | Propellers. |
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| 25.907 | Propeller vibration. |
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| 25.925 | Propeller clearance. |
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| 25.929 | Propeller deicing. |
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| 25.933 | Reversing systems. |
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| 25.934 | Turbojet engine thrust reverser system tests. |
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| 25.937 | Turbopropeller-drag limiting sys&chyph;tems. |
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| 25.939 | Turbine engine operating characteristics. |
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| 25.941 | Inlet, engine, and exhaust compatibility. |
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| 25.943 | Negative acceleration. |
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| 25.945 | Thrust or power augmentation system. |
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| 25.951 | General. |
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| 25.952 | Fuel system analysis and test. |
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| 25.953 | Fuel system independence. |
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| 25.954 | Fuel system lightning protection. |
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| 25.955 | Fuel flow. |
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| 25.957 | Flow between interconnected tanks. |
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| 25.959 | Unusable fuel supply. |
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| 25.961 | Fuel system hot weather operation. |
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| 25.963 | Fuel tanks: general. |
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| 25.965 | Fuel tank tests. |
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| 25.967 | Fuel tank installations. |
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| 25.969 | Fuel tank expansion space. |
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| 25.971 | Fuel tank sump. |
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| 25.973 | Fuel tank filler connection. |
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| 25.975 | Fuel tank vents and carburetor vapor vents. |
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| 25.977 | Fuel tank outlet. |
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| 25.979 | Pressure fueling system. |
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| 25.981 | Fuel tank ignition prevention. |
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| 25.991 | Fuel pumps. |
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| 25.993 | Fuel system lines and fittings. |
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| 25.994 | Fuel system components. |
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| 25.995 | Fuel valves. |
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| 25.997 | Fuel strainer or filter. |
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| 25.999 | Fuel system drains. |
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| 25.1001 | Fuel jettisoning system. |
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| 25.1011 | General. |
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| 25.1013 | Oil tanks. |
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| 25.1015 | Oil tank tests. |
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| 25.1017 | Oil lines and fittings. |
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| 25.1019 | Oil strainer or filter. |
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| 25.1021 | Oil system drains. |
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| 25.1023 | Oil radiators. |
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| 25.1025 | Oil valves. |
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| 25.1027 | Propeller feathering system. |
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| 25.1041 | General. |
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| 25.1043 | Cooling tests. |
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| 25.1045 | Cooling test procedures. |
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| 25.1091 | Air induction. |
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| 25.1093 | Induction system icing protection. |
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| 25.1101 | Carburetor air preheater design. |
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| 25.1103 | Induction system ducts and air duct systems. |
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| 25.1105 | Induction system screens. |
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| 25.1107 | Inter-coolers and after-coolers. |
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| 25.1121 | General. |
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| 25.1123 | Exhaust piping. |
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| 25.1125 | Exhaust heat exchangers. |
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| 25.1127 | Exhaust driven turbo-superchargers. |
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| 25.1141 | Powerplant controls: general. |
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| 25.1142 | Auxiliary power unit controls. |
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| 25.1143 | Engine controls. |
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| 25.1145 | Ignition switches. |
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| 25.1147 | Mixture controls. |
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| 25.1149 | Propeller speed and pitch controls. |
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| 25.1153 | Propeller feathering controls. |
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| 25.1155 | Reverse thrust and propeller pitch settings below the flight regime. |
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| 25.1157 | Carburetor air temperature controls. |
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| 25.1159 | Supercharger controls. |
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| 25.1161 | Fuel jettisoning system controls. |
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| 25.1163 | Powerplant accessories. |
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| 25.1165 | Engine ignition systems. |
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| 25.1167 | Accessory gearboxes. |
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| 25.1181 | Designated fire zones; regions included. |
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| 25.1182 | Nacelle areas behind firewalls, and engine pod attaching structures containing flammable fluid lines. |
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| 25.1183 | Flammable fluid-carrying components. |
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| 25.1185 | Flammable fluids. |
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| 25.1187 | Drainage and ventilation of fire zones. |
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| 25.1189 | Shutoff means. |
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| 25.1191 | Firewalls. |
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| 25.1192 | Engine accessory section diaphragm. |
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| 25.1193 | Cowling and nacelle skin. |
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| 25.1195 | Fire extinguishing systems. |
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| 25.1197 | Fire extinguishing agents. |
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| 25.1199 | Extinguishing agent containers. |
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| 25.1201 | Fire extinguishing system materials. |
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| 25.1203 | Fire detector system. |
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| 25.1207 | Compliance. |
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| 25.1301 | Function and installation. |
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| 25.1303 | Flight and navigation instruments. |
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| 25.1305 | Powerplant instruments. |
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| 25.1307 | Miscellaneous equipment. |
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| 25.1309 | Equipment, systems, and installations. |
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| 25.1316 | System lightning protection. |
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| 25.1321 | Arrangement and visibility. |
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| 25.1322 | Warning, caution, and advisory lights. |
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| 25.1323 | Airspeed indicating system. |
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| 25.1325 | Static pressure systems. |
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| 25.1326 | Pitot heat indication systems. |
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| 25.1327 | Magnetic direction indicator. |
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| 25.1329 | Automatic pilot system. |
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| 25.1331 | Instruments using a power supply. |
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| 25.1333 | Instrument systems. |
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| 25.1335 | Flight director systems. |
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| 25.1337 | Powerplant instruments. |
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| 25.1351 | General. |
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| 25.1353 | Electrical equipment and installations. |
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| 25.1355 | Distribution system. |
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| 25.1357 | Circuit protective devices. |
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| 25.1363 | Electrical system tests. |
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| 25.1381 | Instrument lights. |
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| 25.1383 | Landing lights. |
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| 25.1385 | Position light system installation. |
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| 25.1387 | Position light system dihedral angles. |
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| 25.1389 | Position light distribution and intensities. |
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| 25.1391 | Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights. |
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| 25.1393 | Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights. |
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| 25.1395 | Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights. |
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| 25.1397 | Color specifications. |
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| 25.1399 | Riding light. |
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| 25.1401 | Anticollision light system. |
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| 25.1403 | Wing icing detection lights. |
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| 25.1411 | General. |
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| 25.1415 | Ditching equipment. |
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| 25.1419 | Ice protection. |
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| 25.1421 | Megaphones. |
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| 25.1423 | Public address system. |
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| 25.1431 | Electronic equipment. |
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| 25.1433 | Vacuum systems. |
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| 25.1435 | Hydraulic systems. |
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| 25.1438 | Pressurization and pneumatic systems. |
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| 25.1439 | Protective breathing equipment. |
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| 25.1441 | Oxygen equipment and supply. |
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| 25.1443 | Minimum mass flow of supplemental oxygen. |
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| 25.1445 | Equipment standards for the oxygen distributing system. |
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| 25.1447 | Equipment standards for oxygen dispensing units. |
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| 25.1449 | Means for determining use of oxygen. |
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| 25.1450 | Chemical oxygen generators. |
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| 25.1453 | Protection of oxygen equipment from rupture. |
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| 25.1455 | Draining of fluids subject to freezing. |
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| 25.1457 | Cockpit voice recorders. |
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| 25.1459 | Flight recorders. |
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| 25.1461 | Equipment containing high energy rotors. |
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| 25.1501 | General. |
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| 25.1503 | Airspeed limitations: general. |
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| 25.1505 | Maximum operating limit speed. |
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| 25.1507 | Maneuvering speed. |
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| 25.1511 | Flap extended speed. |
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| 25.1513 | Minimum control speed. |
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| 25.1515 | Landing gear speeds. |
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| 25.1516 | Other speed limitations. |
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| 25.1517 | Rough air speed, VRA. |
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| 25.1519 | Weight, center of gravity, and weight distribution. |
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| 25.1521 | Powerplant limitations. |
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| 25.1522 | Auxiliary power unit limitations. |
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| 25.1523 | Minimum flight crew. |
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| 25.1525 | Kinds of operation. |
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| 25.1527 | Ambient air temperature and operating altitude. |
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| 25.1529 | Instructions for Continued Airworthiness. |
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| 25.1531 | Maneuvering flight load factors. |
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| 25.1533 | Additional operating limitations. |
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| 25.1541 | General. |
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| 25.1543 | Instrument markings: general. |
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| 25.1545 | Airspeed limitation information. |
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| 25.1547 | Magnetic direction indicator. |
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| 25.1549 | Powerplant and auxiliary power unit instruments. |
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| 25.1551 | Oil quantity indication. |
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| 25.1553 | Fuel quantity indicator. |
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| 25.1555 | Control markings. |
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| 25.1557 | Miscellaneous markings and placards. |
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| 25.1561 | Safety equipment. |
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| 25.1563 | Airspeed placard. |
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| 25.1581 | General. |
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| 25.1583 | Operating limitations. |
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| 25.1585 | Operating procedures. |
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| 25.1587 | Performance information. |
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