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![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825185858im_/http://www.cancer.gov/images/spacer.gif)
F-18 16 alpha-fluoroestradiol
A radiopharmaceutical consisting of an estradiol analogue radiolabeled with the positron-emitting isotope fluorine F 18. F-18 16 alpha-fluoroestradiol is actively taken up in tumor cells expressing the estrogen receptor (ER), allowing visualization of ER-positive tumor cells with positron emiision tomography (PET). Uptake of this agent depends upon the ER status of target tissues. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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F-18 fluoroethyltyrosine
An amino acid analog radiolabeled with fluorine F 18, a positron emitting isotope, used as a tracer in positron emission tomography (PET). Reflecting the increased amino acid transport capacity of tumor cells, F-18 fluroethyltyrosine (F-18 FET) is actively taken up in tumor cells via amino acid transport system L, but is neither incorporated into proteins nor readily degraded, resulting in high intracellular concentrations of this imaging agent. Radiolableled amino acid-based agents are useful in PET brain tumor imaging because F-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose (F-18 FDG), commonly used in PET tumor imaging, is relatively insensitive for detecting tumors in the brain due the high levels of glycolytic metabolism in the normal cortex and to a lesser extent in white matter. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fadrozole hydrochloride
The hydrochloride salt of the nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor fadrozole with potential antineoplastic activity. Fadrozole specifically inhibits aromatase, blocking the aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, respectively, the final step in estrogen biosynthesis; the reduction in estrogen levels may inhibit growth in estrogen-dependent cancers. Aromatase, a member of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily, is found in many tissues; overexpression has been linked to the development of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes in breast tissue. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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FAK inhibitor PF-00562271
An orally bioavailable small molecule and ATP-competitive focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activities. FAK inhibitor PF-00562271 inhibits the tyrosine kinase FAK, and to a lesser extent, proline-rich tyrosine kinase (PYK2), which may inhibit tumor cell migration, proliferation, and survival.
As FAK is a signal transducer for integrins, inhibition of FAK by this agent may prevent integrin-mediated activation of several downstream signals including ERK, JNK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt. FAK and PYK2, upregulated in many tumor cell types, are involved in tumor cell invasion, migration and proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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FAK inhibitor PF-04554878
An orally bioavailable, small-molecule focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. FAK inhibitor PF-04554878 inhibits FAK, which may prevent the integrin-mediated activation of several downstream signal transduction pathways, including ERK, JNK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt, thus inhibiting tumor cell migration, proliferation and survival. The tyrosine kinase FAK is , a signal transducer for integrins that is upregulated in many tumor cell types and is involved in tumor cell invasion, migration and proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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falimarev
A cancer vaccine comprised of a recombinant fowlpox viral vector encoding the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), MUC-1, a transmembrane glycoprotein secreted by glandular epithelial tissues, and TRICOM, comprised of three co-stimulatory molecule transgenes (B7-1, ICAM-1 and LFA-3). This agent may enhance CEA and MUC-1 presentation to antigen-presenting cells (APC) and may activate a cytotoxic T-cell response against CEA- and MUC-1-expressing tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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famotidine
A propanimidamide and histamine H2-receptor antagonist with antacid activity. As a competitive inhibitor of histamine H2-receptors located on the basolateral membrane of the parietal cell, famotidine reduces basal and nocturnal gastric acid secretion, resulting in a reduction in gastric volume, acidity, and amount of gastric acid released in response to various stimuli. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fareston
(Other name for: toremifene)
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Fas receptor agonist APO010
A recombinant, soluble, hexameric fusion protein consisting of three human Fas ligand (FasL) extracellular domains fused to the dimer-forming collagen domain of human adiponectin with potential pro-apoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Assembled into a soluble hexameric structure mimicking the ligand clustering of endogenous active FasL, Fas receptor agonist APO010 activates the Fas receptor, resulting in caspase-dependent apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations. FasL is a transmembrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and a pro-apoptotic ligand for the death receptor Fas. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fasigyn
(Other name for: tinidazole)
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Faslodex
(Other name for: fulvestrant)
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fazarabine
An orally-active pyrimidine analogue of an aza-substituted cytidine in which the ribose moiety is replaced by an arabinose sugar. Similar in action to cytarabine, fazarabine is phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase to a triphosphate form which competes with thymidine for incorporation into DNA; its incorporation into DNA inhibits DNA synthesis, resulting in tumor cell death and tumor necrosis. The presence of deoxycytidine kinase in a tumor is a determinant of tumor sensitivity to this drug. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Feldene
(Other name for: piroxicam)
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Femara
(Other name for: letrozole)
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Femest
(Other name for: conjugated estrogens)
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Feminone
(Other name for: ethinyl estradiol)
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fenofibrate
A synthetic phenoxy-isobutyric acid derivate and prodrug with antihyperlipidemic activity. Fenofibrate is hydrolyzed in vivo to its active metabolite fenofibric acid that binds to and activates perioxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), resulting in the activation of lipoprotein lipase and reduction of the production of apoprotein C-III, an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase activity. Increased lipolysis and a fall in plasma triglycerides, in turn, leads to the modification of the small, dense low density lipoporotein (LDL) particles into larger particles that are catabolized more rapidly due to a greater affinity for cholesterol receptors. In addition, activation of PPARalpha also increases the synthesis of apoproteins A-I, A-II, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Overall, fenofibrate reduces total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, total triglycerides and triglyceride rich lipoprotein (VLDL) while increasing HDL cholesterol. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fenretinide
An orally-active synthetic phenylretinamide analogue of retinol (vitamin A) with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Fenretinide binds to and activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs), thereby inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis in some tumor cell types. This agent also inhibits tumor growth by modulating angiogenesis-associated growth factors and their receptors and exhibits retinoid receptor-independent apoptotic properties. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fentanyl buccal soluble film
A transmucosal formulation consisting of a small, mucoadhesive, bioerodible polymer disc formulated with the citrate salt of fentanyl, a synthetic anilidopiperidine opioid with analgesic activity. Upon application, fentanyl buccal soluble film rapidly releases fentanyl which is quickly absorbed into the systemic circulation. Fentanyl selectively binds to and activates mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby mimicking the effects of endogenous opiates.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fentanyl citrate
The citrate salt of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid related to the phenylpiperidines with analgesic and anesthetic properties. Fentanyl exerts its analgesic effect by selectively binding to the mu-opioid receptor in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby mimicking the effects of endogenous opiates. Additional pharmacological effects of fentanyl include anxiolysis, euphoria, feelings of relaxation, respiratory depression, constipation, miosis, and cough suppression. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fentanyl citrate pectin-based nasal spray
A pectin-based, aqueous nasal spray containing the citrate salt of fentanyl, a synthetic lipophilic phenylpiperidine opioid, with analgesic activity. Fentanyl binds to and stimulates mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), mimicking the analgesic effect of endogenous opiates. Upon intranasal administration of this agent and contact with the nasal mucosa, pectin in low-viscosity aqueous solution gels in the presence of mucosal calcium ions; from this intranasal gel delivery platform, fentanyl is released into the systemic circulation in a relatively rapid but controlled and sustained manner. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fentanyl matrix transdermal patch
A transdermal formulation containing the synthetic phenylpiperidine opioid agonist fentanyl, with analgesic activity. Upon topical administration, fentanyl diffuses from the transdermal patch through the skin, is transported via the systemic circulation, and selectively binds to the mu-receptor in the central nervous system (CNS), mimicking the effects of endogenous opiates. Stimulation of the mu-receptor inhibits adenyl cyclase activity, induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability; in addition, neuronal release of neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline may decrease. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fentanyl sublingual spray
A sublingual preparation of a short-acting, synthetic anilidopiperidine opioid with analgesic activity. After rapid sublingual transmucosal absorption, the active ingredient fentanyl selectively binds to and activates mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), mimicking the effects of endogenous opiates. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fermented soybean protein beverage
A fermented soybean-derived phytochemical beverage with potential antineoplastic activity. Fermented soybean protein beverage is reported to exhibit immunostimulatory, anti-viral, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities and to enhance the cytotoxic effects of natural killer (NK) cells. The fermentation process is reported to hydrolyze many soybean proteins into amino acids and nitrogen-rich compounds and to protect and enhance the activities of isoflavones such as genistein, protease inhibitors, saponins, phytosterols, inositol hexaphosphate, and other beneficial dietary nutrients and micronutrients found in soybeans. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fermented wheat germ extract
An extract of fermented wheat germ containing a concentrated, standardized amount of methoxy-substituted benzoquinones with immunomodulatory and potential antineoplastic activities. Fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) inhibits the activities of several enzymes involved in de novo nucleic acid synthesis and in supplying the dNTP pool required for DNA replication. This agent also induces caspase-3- mediated inactivation of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP), a key enzyme in DNA repair that is overexpressed in many cancers; cleavage of PARP prevents DNA repair and induces apoptosis. The benzoquinones may contribute to the immunomodulatory effects of FWGE, down-regulating major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-1) protein on the surface of cancer cells, allowing natural killer (NK) cell surveillance; and up-regulating the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on tumor endothelial cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Ferrlecit
(Other name for: sodium ferric gluconate complex in sucrose)
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ferrous sulfate
A sulfate salt of mineral iron formulated for oral administration and used as a dietary supplement, ferrous sulfate is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine and combines with apoferritin to form ferritin, which is stored in the liver, spleen, red bone marrow, and intestinal mucosa. Important in transport of oxygen by hemoglobin to the tissues, iron is also found in myoglobin, transferrin, and ferritin, and is a component of many enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and cytochromes. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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ferumoxsil oral suspension
An orally administered aqueous suspension of silicone-coated,
superparamagnetic iron oxide used as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. After oral administration, ferumoxsil fills the stomach and intestines. Upon exposure to the strong external magnetic field during MRI, ferumoxsil exhibits strong T1 relaxation properties and a strongly varying local magnetic field; T2 relaxation is enhanced, thereby darkening the contrast agent-containing portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Delineation of the bowel is thus enhanced, distinguishing bowel from
organs and tissues adjacent to the upper regions of the gastrointestinal
tract. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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ferumoxtran-10
A synthetic ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide composed of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (also known as 'ultrasmall particulate iron oxides' or USPIO). Ferumoxtran-10, which accumulates in non-cancerous lymphatic tissue, is used as a molecular resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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ferumoxytol
A superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle coated with a low molecular weight semi-synthetic carbohydrate, polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyl ether, with potential anti-anemic and imaging properties. After intravenous administration, ferumoxytol replaces iron stores with fewer side effects compared to the use of oral iron. In addition, this agent generates T1 relaxation, producing a magnetic field and enhancing T2 relaxation, thereby darkening contrast media-containing structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to small particle size, ferumoxytol remains in the intravasculature for a prolonged period and so may be used as a blood pool agent. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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FGFR1 receptor antagonist FP-1039
A soluble fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) fused to the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) with potential antineoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. FGFR1 receptor antagonist FP-1039 prevents FGFR ligands, such as FGF1, FGF2, FGF4, from binding to their cognate receptors, thereby inhibiting the activation of the related FGFR tyrosine kinases. Inhibition of FGFR1 by this agent may retard tumor cell proliferation and induce tumor cell death. FP-1039 may also inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis. FGFR1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase upregulated in certain tumor cells and involved in tumor cellular proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and survival; most ligands that bind to FGFR1 also bind to
the related receptors FGFR3 and FGFR4. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fibrin sealant
A plasma-derived fibrin biomatrix preparation consisting of two separate solutions that are combined on application. The sealer protein solution contains clottable human fibrinogen and bovine aprotinin, a fibrinolysis inhibitor; the thrombin solution contains human thrombin and calcium chloride. When the solutions are combined, a clot is formed, reproducing the final stages of the coagulation cascade. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fidelin
(Other name for: therapeutic dehydroepiandrosterone)
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figitumumab
A human monoclonal antibody directed against the insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. Figitumumab selectively binds to IGF1R, preventing insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF1) from binding to the receptor and subsequent receptor autophosphorylation. Inhibition of IGF1R autophosphorylation may result in a reduction in receptor expression on tumor cells that express IGF1R, a reduction in the anti-apoptotic effect of IGF, and inhibition of tumor growth. IGF1R is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed on most tumor cells and is involved in mitogenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor cell survival. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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filgrastim
A recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to the endogenous cytokine human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Produced endogenously by monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, G-CSF binds to and activates specific cell surface receptors, stimulating neutrophil progenitor proliferation and differentiation and selected neutrophil functions. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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finasteride
A synthetic 4-azasteroid compound. Finasteride competitively binds to and inhibits steroid type II 5-alpha-reductase in the prostate gland, liver, and skin, thereby interfering with the enzymatic conversion of testosterone to 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and reducing serum DHT levels. The reduction in serum DHT levels results in diminished stimulation of androgen receptors in the nuclei of prostate cells and, so, diminished prostate cell proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Flagyl
(Other name for: metronidazole hydrochloride)
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flavone acetic acid
A synthetic flavonoid with vascular targeting properties. Flavone acetic acid exhibits an antiproliferative effect on endothelial cells as a result of a superoxide-dependent mechanism, which induces changes in permeability of the vasculature of the tumor. This agent may stimulate tumor necrosis and promote shunting of blood flow to viable regions of the tumor, increasing their oxygenation and rendering them more susceptible to the antitumor effects of hyperthermia and ionizing radiation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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flavonoid tablet
A tablet formulation of flavonoids with antioxidant and potential chemopreventive activities. Polyphenolic, soluble plant pigment flavonoids inactivate oxygen radicals, prevent lipid peroxidation, and inhibit DNA oxidation. In vitro, these agents have been shown to increase the rate of apoptosis, and inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, flavonoids can induce conjugating enzymes, such as glutathione transferases and glucuronosyl transferases. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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flaxseed
Seed isolated from one of several species of the plant genus Linum. Flaxseed-derived foods, lignans, and essential fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid, possess anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and antineoplastic properties. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fleet Phospho-soda
(Other name for: sodium biphosphate/sodium phosphate oral laxative)
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Flomax
(Other name for: tamsulosin hydrochloride)
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Florafur
(Other name for: tegafur)
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Florinef
(Other name for: fludrocortisone acetate)
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floxuridine
A fluorinated pyrimidine monophosphate analogue of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-phosphate (FUDR-MP) with antineoplastic activity. As an antimetabolite, floxuridine inhibits thymidylate synthetase, resulting in disruption of DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity. This agent is also metabolized to fluorouracil and other metabolites that can be incorporated into RNA and inhibit the utilization of preformed uracil in RNA synthesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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flu matrix peptide p58-66
A short chain synthetic antigenic peptide (GILGFVFTL) derived from the influenza virus A matrix protein and presented by HLA-A2 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Flu matrix peptide p58-66 stimulates the lytic functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which may result in the eradication of virus-infected or malignant tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fluconazole
A synthetic triazole with antifungal activity. Fluconazole preferentially inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450 sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation, resulting in the accumulation of fungal 14 alpha-methyl sterols, the loss of normal fungal sterols, and fungistatic activity. Mammalian cell demethylation is much less sensitive to fluconazole inhibition. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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flucytosine
A pyrimidine compound and a fluorinated cytosine analog exhibiting antifungal activity. After penetration into the fungal cells, flucytosine is deaminated to its active metabolite 5-fluorouracil. 5-fluorouracil replaces uracil during fungal RNA synthesis, thereby inhibiting fungal protein synthesis. In addition, fluorouracil is further metabolized to 5-fluorodeoxyuridylic acid monophosphate, which inhibits thymidylate synthetase, thereby interrupting nucleotide metabolism, DNA synthesis and ultimately protein synthesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fludara
(Other name for: fludarabine phosphate)
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fludarabine phosphate
The phosphate salt of a fluorinated nucleotide antimetabolite analog of the antiviral agent vidarabine (ara-A) with antineoplastic activity. Fludarabine phosphate is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. This metabolite may inhibit DNA polymerase alpha, ribonucleotide reductase and DNA primase, thereby interrupting DNA synthesis and inhibiting tumor cell growth. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fludeoxyglucose F 18
A positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical containing radioactive 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose. With similar cell uptake as glucose (high in tumor cells), fludeoxyglucose F 18 is not dephosphorylated and further metabolized. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fludrocortisone acetate
The acetate salt of a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid with antiinflammatory and antiallergic activities. As a glucocorticoid-receptor agonist, fludrocortisone binds to cytoplasmic receptors, translocates to the nucleus, and subsequently initiates the transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins to inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Inhibition of PLA2 activity prevents the release of arachidonic acid, a precursor of eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes; eicosanoids are important mediators in the pro-inflammatory response mechanism. As a mineralocorticoid-receptor agonist, this agent stimulates Na+ reabsorption and water retention and K+ and H+ secretion in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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FluMist
(Other name for: trivalent influenza vaccine)
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fluorescein sodium injection
An injectable form of the sodium salt of the fluorophore fluorescein. Fluorescein responds to electromagnetic radiation between the wavelengths of 465-490 nm and fluoresces, emitting light at wavelengths of 520-530 nm that can be detected visually. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fluorescite
(Other name for: fluorescein sodium injection)
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fluorine F 18 EF5
A radioconjugate consisting of EF5, a fluorinated derivative of etanidazole, conjugated to fluorine F 18, a positron emitting isotope. EF5 binds to hypoxic tissue; conjugation to Fluorine F 18 allows imaging of hypoxic regions within tumors. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fluorine F 18 FEQA
The anilinoquinazoline derivative FEQA radiolabeled with the positron-emitting radioisotope fluorine F 18 with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) binding and radioisotopic activities. Fluorine F 18 FEQA irreversibly binds to (EGFR), allowing imaging of EGFR-positive tumor cells with positron emission tomography (PET). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fluorine F 18 fluoroethylcholine
Ethylcholine labeled with fluorine F 18, a positron-emitting isotope. Fluorine F 18 fluoroethylcholine incorporates into tumor cells through an active, carrier-mediated transport mechanism for choline and then is phosphorylated intracellularly by choline kinase, yielding a phosphoryl derivative, and finally is integrated into cellular phospholipids, probably primarily into a phosphatidyl derivative; concentration of this agent in tumor cells as various fluorine F 18 fluoroethylcholine derivatives enables tumor imaging using positron emission tomography (PET). Choline kinase, the enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation of choline, is frequently up-regulated in human tumor cell lines. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fluorine F 18 RGD-based integrin peptide-polymer AH111585
A small synthetic peptide containing an RGD-sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp) attached to the positron-emitting isotope fluorine F 18 that may be used to selectively image tumor cells and tumor vasculature by PET imaging. The RGD motif of fluorine F 18 RGD-based integrin peptide-polymer AH111585 selectively binds to the alphaVbeta3 integrin receptor, commonly upregulated on the surfaces of tumor cells and tumor vasculature endothelial cells. This agent may be of use in visualizing and quantifying a decrease in tumor vascularity in response to antiangiogenic agents. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fluorine F 18 sodium fluoride
A radiopharmaceutical consisting of the sodium salt of fluorine F 18 fluoride with radioisotopic and bone mineralizing activities. Fluoride binds to calcium ions in hydroxyapatite crystals in bone. The uptake and incorporation of positron-emitting fluorine F 18 fluoride into bone can be imaged using positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), allowing visualization of malignant bone lesions in which regional blood flow and bone turnover are increased. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fluorofur
(Other name for: tegafur)
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Fluoroplex
(Other name for: fluorouracil)
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fluorouracil
An antimetabolite fluoropyrimidine analog of the nucleoside pyrimidine with antineoplastic activity. Fluorouracil and its metabolites possess a number of different mechanisms of action. In vivo, fluoruracil is converted to the active metabolite 5-fluoroxyuridine monophosphate (F-UMP); replacing uracil, F-UMP incorporates into RNA and inhibits RNA processing, thereby inhibiting cell growth. Another active metabolite, 5-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate (F-dUMP), inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in the depletion of thymidine triphosphate (TTP), one of the four nucleotide triphosphates used in the in vivo synthesis of DNA. Other fluorouracil metabolites incorporate into both RNA and DNA; incorporation into RNA results in major effects on both RNA processing and functions. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fluorouracil-e therapeutic implant
An injectable collagen matrix gel containing the antimetabolite fluorouracil and the sympathicomimetic agent epinephrine with potential antineoplastic activity. After intratumoral injection, fluorouracil is converted into the active metabolite 5-fluoroxyuridine monophosphate that competes with uracil during RNA synthesis while another active metabolite, 5-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate, inhibits thymidylate synthase and, so, DNA synthesis. Epinephrine, a potent vasoconstrictor, is added to the gel to enhance penetration of fluorouracil into tumor tissue and reduce dispersion to surrounding tissues, thus enhancing the local concentration of fluorouracil. Compared to systemic administration, the intratumoral injection of fluorouracil combined with epinephrine may increase fluorouracil's chemotherapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fluoxymesterone
A halogenated derivative of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone. Similar to testosterone, fluoxymesterone binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an increase in protein anabolism, a decrease in amino acid catabolism, and retention of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus. This agent also may competitively inhibit prolactin receptors and estrogen receptors, thereby inhibiting the growth of hormone-dependent tumor lines. Fluoxymesterone is approximately five times more potent than methyltestosterone. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fluphenazine hydrochloride
The hydrochloride salt of fluphenazine, a phenothiazine with antipsychotic activity and potential antineoplastic activity. Fluphenazine blocks postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the limbic system, cortical system and basal ganglia, resulting a reduction of schizophrenia-associated hallucinations and delusions. In addition, as a serotonin antagonist, this agent may inhibit lymphocyte and myeloma cell proliferation by blocking 5-hydroxytrptamine type 1B (5-HT type 1B) receptors for serotonin. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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flurbiprofen
A derivative of propionic acid, and a phenylalkanoic acid derivative of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic effects. Flurbiprofen non-selectively binds to and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX). This results in a reduction of arachidonic acid conversion into prostaglandins that are involved in the regulation of pain, inflammation and fever. This NSAID also inhibits carbonic anhydrase, thereby reducing the production of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Upon ocular administration, flurbiprofen may reduce bicarbonate ion concentrations leading to a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Flurizan
(Other name for: R-flurbiprofen)
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Flushield
(Other name for: trivalent influenza vaccine)
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flutamide
A toluidine derivative and nonsteroidal antiandrogen that is structurally related to bicalutamide and nilutamide. Flutamide and its more potent active metabolite 2-hydroxyflutamide competitively block dihydrotestosterone binding at androgen receptors, forming inactive complexes which cannot translocate into the cell nucleus. Formation of inactive receptors inhibits androgen-dependent DNA and protein synthesis, resulting in tumor cell growth arrest or transient tumor regression. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fluvastatin sodium
The sodium salt of a synthetic lipid-lowering agent with potential antineoplastic activity. Fluvastatin competitively inhibits hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a key step in cholesterol synthesis. This agent lowers plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels, and modulates immune responses through the suppression of MHC II (major histocompatibility complex II) on interferon gamma-stimulated, antigen-presenting cells such as human vascular endothelial cells. Through the inhibition of mevalonate synthesis, statins, like fluvastatin, have been shown to inhibit the production of dolichol, geranylpyrophosphate (GPP) and farnesylpyrophosphate (FPP) and the isoprenylation of the intracellular G-proteins Ras and Rho, which may result in antiangiogenic, apoptotic, and antimetastatic effects in susceptible tumor cell populations. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fluvirin
(Other name for: trivalent influenza vaccine)
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Fluzone
(Other name for: trivalent influenza vaccine)
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folate receptor-targeted epothilone BMS753493
A folate receptor-targeting antimitotic agent with potential antineoplastic activity. Folate receptor-targeted epothilone BMS753493 contains an epothilone moiety linked to a single folate molecule. Mediated through the folate moiety, this agent delivers the antimitotic epothilone component into cells expressing folic acid receptors, frequently upregulated in many types of tumor cells. After ligand-receptor internalization, the epothilone moiety induces microtubule polymerization and stabilizes microtubules against depolymerization, resulting in the inhibition of mitosis and cellular proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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folate receptor-targeted technetium Tc 99m EC20
A folate receptor-targeting radiopharmaceutical consisting of a folate-containing tetrapeptide chelator to which technetium Tc 99m is linked. The folate component of folate receptor-targeted technetium Tc 99m EC20 binds to folic acid receptors, which are frequently upregulated in many types of tumor cells and activated macrophages. Gamma scintigraphy may then be used to image folate receptor-positive tumors. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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folate receptor-targeted vinca alkaloid EC0489
A folate receptor-targeting cytotoxic drug conjugate consisting of a folate vitamin analogue linked to a vinca alkaloid microtubule destabilizing agent with potential antineoplastic activity. Mediated through its folate moiety, folate receptor-targeted Vinca alkaloid EC0489 delivers the cytotoxic vinca alkaloid moiety directly to cells expressing folic acid receptors, frequently upregulated in many types of tumor cells. After ligand-receptor internalization, the vinca alkaloid moiety binds to tubulin and disrupts microtubule assembly-disassembly dynamics, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The relative tumor cell specificity of this agent reduces the toxicity profile of its Vinca alkaloid moiety. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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folate receptor-targeted vinca alkaloid/mitomycin C EC0225
A folate receptor-targeting cytotoxic agent with potential antineoplastic activity. Folate receptor-targeted vinca alkaloid/mitomycin C EC0225 contains two potent cytotoxic agents, a vinca alkaloid and mitomycin C, linked to a single folate molecule. Mediated through the folate moiety, this agent delivers the cytotoxic agents directly into cells expressing folic acid receptors, frequently upregulated in many types of tumor cells. After ligand-receptor internalization, the vinca alkaloid moiety binds to tubulin and disrupts microtubule assembly-disassembly dynamics, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mitomycin C alkylates DNA, producing DNA cross-links and inhibiting DNA replication. The relative tumor cell specificity of EC0225 reduces the toxicity profiles of its cytotoxic agent moieties.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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folate-FITC
A conjugate consisting of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated with folate with potential antineoplastic activity. Folate-FITC binds to folate receptors, which are overexpressed on the surfaces of many cancer cells including kidney and ovarian cancer cells. Once bound to the cancer cell through the folate moiety of the conjugate, curculating anti-fluorescein antibodies.may recognize and bind to the FITC moiety, resulting in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Folex
(Other name for: methotrexate)
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Folex PFS
(Other name for: methotrexate)
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FOLFIRI regimen
FOLFOX regimen
One of several chemotherapy regimens that include leucovorin calcium (calcium folinate), 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin and which may be used in the treatment of advanced-stage and metastatic colorectal cancer. FOLFOX regimens differ in agent dosing and administration schedule and include FOLFOX 4, FOLFOX 6, modified FOLFOX 6 (mFOLFOX 6) and FOLFOX 7. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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folic acid
A collective term for pteroylglutamic acids and their oligoglutamic acid conjugates. As a natural water-soluble substance, folic acid is involved in carbon transfer reactions of amino acid metabolism, in addition to and purine and pyrimidine synthesis, and is essential for hematopoiesis and red blood cell production. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Follutein
(Other name for: recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin)
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Fonatol
(Other name for: diethylstilbestrol)
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fondaparinux sodium
The sodium salt form of fondaparinux, a synthetic glucopyranoside with antithrombotic activity. Fondaparinux sodium selectively binds to antithrombin III, thereby potentiating the innate neutralization of activated factor X (Factor Xa) by antithrombin. Neutralization of Factor Xa inhibits its activity and interrupts the blood coagulation cascade, thereby preventing thrombin formation and thrombus development. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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formestane
A synthetic steroidal substance with antineoplastic activity. Formestane binds irreversibly to and inhibits the enzyme aromatase, thereby blocking the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone and the peripheral aromatization of androgenic precursors into estrogens. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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formoterol fumarate/roxithromycin
A combination preparation of the fumarate salt of a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist and a macrolide antibiotic, with muscle-sparing and anti-cachexia effects. Formoterol appears to antagonize cachexia by reducing proteolysis mediated through the ubiquitin-protease pathway. Roxithromycin strongly inhibits inflammatory cytokine production and secretion from T cells and macrophages in vitro and in vivo. The combination exhibits a greater muscle sparing effect than either drug given individually at comparable doses.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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forodesine hydrochloride
The hydrochloride salt of the synthetic high-affinity transition-state analogue forodesine. Forodesine binds preferentially to and inhibits purine nucleotide phosphorylase (PNP), resulting in the accumulation of deoxyguanosine triphosphate and the subsequent inhibition of the enzyme ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase and DNA synthesis. This agent selectively causes apoptosis in stimulated or malignant T-lymphocytes. A transition state analogue is a substrate designed to mimic the properties or the geometry of the transition state of reaction. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fortaz
(Other name for: ceftazidime sodium)
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Fosamax
(Other name for: alendronate sodium)
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fosquidone
A water-soluble pentacyclic pyrolloquinone analogue of mitoquidone with potential antineoplastic activity. Currently, the mechansim of action of fosquidone is unknown. In vitro studies indicate that this agent does not bind to DNA or inhibit topoisomerases. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fostamatinib disodium
An orally available disodium salt of the Syk kinase inhibitor fostamatinib with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Fostamatinib inhibits Syk kinase-mediated IgG Fc gamma receptor signaling, resulting in inhibition of the activation of mast cells, macrophages, and B-cells and related inflammatory responses and tissue damage.
Syk kinase, widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in coupling activated immunoreceptors to signal downstream events that mediate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fostriecin
An anti-tumor antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces pulveraceus. Fostriecin inhibits topoisomerase II catalytic activity, resulting in protein-associated strand breaks and impaired DNA and RNA synthesis in various malignant cell types. This agent also inhibits serine/threonine protein phosphatase type 2A in some tumor cell types, thereby interfering with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fotemustine
A chloroethylating nitrosourea with antineoplastic activity. Fotemustine alkylates guanine by forming chloroethyl adducts at the 6 position of guanine, resulting in N1-guanine and N3-cytosine cross linkages, inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell cycle arrest, and finally apoptosis. This agent is lipophilic and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fowlpox virus vaccine vector
A recombinant fowlpox virus-based vaccine vector designed to express various tumor-associated peptide antigens. Strong CD8 cytotoxic T cell responses may be induced after prolonged immunization with fowlpox virus vaccines and have been associated with tumor regression. Fowlpox virus is an attractive vector because its genome is easy to manipulate and it does not multiply in human tissues. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fowlpox-NY-ESO-1 vaccine
A cancer vaccine consisting of a recombinant fowlpox virus vector encoding an immunogenic peptide derived from the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1, an antigen found in normal testis and various tumors, including bladder, breast, hepatocellular, melanoma, and prostate cancers. Vaccination with NY-ESO-1 peptide vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount a humoral and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing NY-ESO-1 antigen, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fowlpox-PSA-TRICOM vaccine
A cancer vaccine consisting of a recombinant fowlpox virus encoding human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and TRICOM, a combination of three immunostimulants (i.e., B7.1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3). Administration of this agent may induce a cytotoxic T cell response against PSA-expressing tumor cells. Dendritic cells infected with TRICOM vectors greatly enhance naive T-cell activation and peptide-specific T-cell stimulation. Fowlpox virus is an attractive vector because its genome is easy to manipulate and it is replication incompetent in mammalian cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fragmin
(Other name for: dalteparin)
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fresolimumab
A pan-specific, recombinant, fully human monoclonal antibody directed against human transforming growth factor (TGF) -beta 1, 2 and 3 with potential antineoplastic activity. Fresolimumab binds to and inhibits the activity of all isoforms of TGF-beta, whcih may result in the inhibition of tumor cell growth, angiogenesis, and migration. TGF-beta, a cytokine often over-expressed in various malignancies, may play an important role in promoting the growth, progression, and migration of tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fruit and vegetable extracts
Extracts from fruits and vegetables that contain fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other natural substances with antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and antiproliferative properties. Used in chemoprevention therapy, these extracts may prevent the development or recurrence of cancer. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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FUDF
(Other name for: floxuridine)
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fulvestrant
A synthetic estrogen receptor antagonist. Unlike tamoxifen (which has partial agonist effects) and the aromatase inhibitors (which reduce the estrogen available to tumor cells), fulvestrant binds competitively to estrogen receptors in breast cancer cells, resulting in estrogen receptor deformation and decreased estrogen binding. In vitro studies indicate that fulvestrant reversibly inhibits the growth of tamoxifen-resistant, estrogen-sensitive, human breast cancer cell lines. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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Fungizone
(Other name for: amphotericin B deoxycholate)
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furosemide
An anthranilic derivative and loop diuretic with antihypertensive effect. Furosemide blocks the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) in the luminal membrane of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney, by binding to the Cl-binding site located in the cotransporter's transmembrane domain, thereby inhibiting reabsorption of sodium, chloride, potassium ions and water. This agent reduces plasma and extracellular fluid volume resulting in decreased blood pressure and cardiac output. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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fusidic acid/betamethasome valerate topical cream
A topical cream formulation of the bacteriostatic antibiotic fusidic acid and the synthetic, long-acting glucocorticoid betametasone valerate with potential anti-bacterial and immunomodulating activities. Fusidic acid/betamethasone valerate topical cream inhibits Gram-positive bacterial protein synthesis and replication and inhibits the inflammatory response by preventing phospholipid release, inhibiting eosinophil activity, and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
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