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ISS004-E-10288

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View ISS004-E-10288.JPG 77943639435 No No From STIC, color adjusted
View ISS004-E-10288_2.JPG 95831540540 Yes NASA's Earth Observatory web site
View ISS004-E-10288.JPG 102486540669 Yes Yes NASA's Earth Observatory web site
View ISS004-E-10288_2.JPG 326660367540 Photographic Highlights540 px resized images
View ISS004-E-10288.JPG 650727508768 Yes PresentationColor adjusted
View ISS004-E-10288.JPG 656272522768 Photographic Highlightsactual files used
View ISS004-E-10288.JPG 246681510001518 No Yes NASA's Earth Observatory web siteColor adjusted
View ISS004-E-10288_2.JPG 413963719983032 No Yes NASA's Earth Observatory web siteColor adjusted

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Request ISS004-E-10288.JPG 108778330322064 No No From STIC, color adjusted
Request ISS004-E-10288.TIF 1828761230322008 No No Scientist Requestinternal waves
Request ISS004-E-10288_2.TIF 7154797260003974 No No Scientist Request

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Electronic Image Data

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Identification

Mission: ISS004 Roll: E Frame: 10288 Mission ID on the Film or image: ISS004
Country or Geographic Name: USA-CALIFORNIA
Features: SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA
Center Point Latitude: 37.5 Center Point Longitude: -122.5 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Stereo: (Yes indicates there is an adjacent picture of the same area)
ONC Map ID: JNC Map ID:

Camera

Camera Tilt: 35
Camera Focal Length: 105mm
Camera: E4: Kodak DCS760C Electronic Still Camera
Film: 3060E : 3060 x 2036 pixel CCD, RGBG array.

Quality

Film Exposure:
Percentage of Cloud Cover: 10 (0-10)

Nadir

Date: 20020421 (YYYYMMDD)GMT Time: 191952 (HHMMSS)
Nadir Point Latitude: 38.5, Longitude: -124.7 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Nadir to Photo Center Direction: East
Sun Azimuth: 150 (Clockwise angle in degrees from north to the sun measured at the nadir point)
Spacecraft Altitude: 209 nautical miles (387 km)
Sun Elevation Angle: 61 (Angle in degrees between the horizon and the sun, measured at the nadir point)
Orbit Number: 3527

Captions

Astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) recently photographed the San Francisco Bay area. The gray urban footprint of San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose, and their surrounding suburbs contrast strongly with the green hillsides. Of particular note are the Pacific Ocean water patterns that are highlighted in the sun glint. Sets of internal waves traveling east impinge on the coastline south of San Francisco. At the same time, fresher bay water flows out from the bay beneath the Golden Gate Bridge, creating a large plume traveling westward. Tidal current channels suggest the tidal flow deep in the bay. Because the ISS orbits are not synchronous with the sun, astronauts view the Earth with variable solar illumination angles. This allows them to document phenomena such as the sun reflecting differentially off surface waters in a way that outlines complicated water structures.



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