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Subpopulation Estimates from the HIV Incidence Surveillance System- United States, 2006 (11/20/08)
CDC conducted a detailed analysis of data from its new HIV surveillance system. The HIV incidence rate for black females was 14.7 times the rate for white females, and the rate for Hispanic females was 3.8 times the rate for white females.

HIV Prevalence Estimates- United States, 2006 (11/20/08)
Fact Sheet
The HIV prevalence rate for black women was nearly 18 times the rate for white women, and the rate for Hispanic women was more than four times the rate for white women. The HIV prevalence rate for black women was greater than the rate for all other groups, except for black men.

The HPV Vaccine and Its Safety (8/7/08)
Based on ongoing assessments of vaccine safety information, FDA and CDC continue to find that Gardasil is a safe and effective vaccine. FDA and CDC continue to monitor the safety of this vaccine, with the public’s health and safety the top priority.

Making Sense of Your HPV and Pap Test Results (8/7/08)
This brochure explains the meaning of Pap and HPV test results and answers common patient questions about HPV, such as how to talk to your partner about HPV. It includes ‘questions to ask your doctor’ to help prepare women for next steps and a glossary of terms.

HIV/AIDS and Women Surveillance Slide Sets (6/23/08)
Slides focusing on HIV/AIDS in women (estimated number and proportion of AIDS cases, AIDS rates and cases, those living with HIV infection and AIDS, by transmission category, by race and ethnicity, age at diagnosis, diagnosis rates, etc).

U.S. Syphilis Up (5/11/08)
The U.S. syphilis rate increased for the seventh consecutive year in 2007, largely reflecting continued increases among men who have sex with men. The rate among females also increased between 2006 and 2007, from 1.0 to 1.1 cases per 100,000 population.

Web Series: HIV/AIDS Crisis among African Americans (4/30/08)
CDC and the Public Health Training Network offers the six-part web series, A Call to Action for Leaders: The Crisis of HIV/AIDS Among African Americans, available online beginning June 30, 2008. This series is designed to 1) increase awareness of HIV/AIDS in African American communities; 2) highlight innovative, sustainable, and collaborative actions taken by leaders in places where African Americans live, work, play, learn, and worship; and 3) provide links to available resources. David Satcher, former Director of CDC and the 16th Surgeon General of the United States, will serve as senior host of the web series. Each part of the series is a prerecorded.

STD Brochures (3/26/08)
Brochures are available on bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia, genital herpes, genital HPV, gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, STDs and pregnancy, and trichomoniasis.

One in Four Teenage Girls Has a Sexually Transmitted Disease (3/26/08)
A CDC study estimates that one in four (26 percent) young women between the ages of 14 and 19 in the United States (3.2 million teenage girls) is infected with at least one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (human papillomavirus (HPV), chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, and trichomoniasis).

NCHHSTP State Profiles (3/26/08)
The 2007 NCHHSTP State Profiles include statistical and other information on HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB for all 50 states and Washington, DC. They also include descriptions of public health prevention and control programs. Select state profiles from the map or the list provided.

STD Surveillance, 2006
These slides cover chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, other STDs, women and infants, adolescents and young adults, racial and ethnic minorities, men who have sex with men, and persons entering corrections facilities.

HIV/AIDS among African Americans Fact Sheet (2/28/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/aa/resources/factsheets/aa.htm
During 2000–2003, HIV/AIDS rates for African American females were 19 times the rates for white females and 5 times the rates for Hispanic females; they also exceeded the rates for males of all races/ethnicities other than African Americans. Rates for African American males were 7 times those for white males and 3 times those for Hispanic males.

Assessment of Increase in Perinatal Exposure to HIV among Hispanics- 20 Counties, Georgia, 1994-2002 (10/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5340a4.htm
PDF (p. 944)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5340.pdf
This report summarizes the results of an assessment of perinatally HIV-exposed Hispanic infants in the Atlanta metropolitan area, which suggest that the increase in the number of perinatally HIV-exposed Hispanic infants was associated with multiple factors, including the growth of the Hispanic population, increasing HIV prevalence and fertility among Hispanics, and lower preconception awareness of HIV serostatus among those with HIV. The findings suggest a need for improved access to voluntary HIV counseling and testing and increased opportunities for reducing the risk for unintended pregnancy among Hispanics in these counties.

HIV/AIDS among Hispanics Fact Sheet (10/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/hispanic.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/hispanic.pdf
In 2000, HIV/AIDS was the second leading cause of death among Hispanic men aged 35 to 44 and the fourth leading cause of death among Hispanic women in the same age group. Most Hispanic men are exposed to HIV through sexual contact with other men, followed by injection drug use and heterosexual contact. Most Hispanic women are exposed to HIV through heterosexual contact, followed by injection drug use.

Enhanced Perinatal Surveillance- United States, 1999-2001 (10/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/STATS/SpecialReport10-7.pdf
This report describes the population of HIV-infected women who gave birth during the years 1999, 2000, and 2001. These data provide essential information for further focusing perinatal prevention efforts in the United States. An estimated 6000 to 7000 HIV-infected women gave birth in the United States during the year 2000; an estimated 280–370 infants were infected.

Chlamydia Screening Among Sexually Active Young Female Enrollees of Health Plans- United States, 1999-2001 (10/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5342a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5342.pdf
To evaluate rates of chlamydia screening among sexually active young females, CDC analyzed 1999-2001 data from the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS®) reported by commercial and Medicaid health insurance plans. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that screening rates were low despite slight increases in screening covered both by commercial and Medicaid plans during 1999-2001. Increased screening by health-care providers and coverage of screening by health plans will be necessary to reduce substantially the burden of chlamydial infection in the United States.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents Slide Set (9/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/adolesnt.htm
This slide set includes: AIDS in 13-19 year olds by sex and year of report, AIDS in 20-24 year olds by sex and year of report, proportion of AIDS cases/HIV infection among adults and adolescents by sex and age, estimated AIDS cases among male/female adolescents and young adults by exposure category, proportion of AIDS cases/HIV infection in 13-19 year olds by race/ethnicity, and adolescents 13-19 years of age living with HIV infection or with AIDS.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Women Slide Set, 2002 (9/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/women.htm
This set includes slides on estimated number and proportion of AIDS cases among female adults and adolescents, reported AIDS cases and rates among female adults and adolescents by race/ethnicity, proportion of AIDS cases among female adults and adolescents by exposure category, proportion of AIDS cases among female adults and adolescents by exposure category and age at diagnosis, AIDS rates for female adults and adolescents, estimated number of AIDS cases among female adults and adolescents attributed to injection drug use and heterosexual contact by region, reported AIDS cases among female adults and adolescents by region and race/ethnicity, and female adults and adolescents aged 15-44 years living with HIV infection (not AIDS) or with AIDS.

Notice to Readers: Innovative STD Prevention Programs (4/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5316a5.htm
In 2000, despite an estimated 18.9 million persons infected with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), of which half were persons aged <25 years, innovative STD prevention efforts are having a positive impact on infection rates in several U.S. cities, including Chlamydia in females and reaching sex partners.

OraQuick Rapid HIV Test for Oral Fluid: Frequently Asked Questions (3/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/rapid_testing/materials/oralfluidqandafin1_1.pdf
The Food and Drug Administration has approved the OraQuick test for use with oral fluid and for use on plasma specimens. Until now, the test was approved only for whole blood specimens. This is the first and only rapid HIV test to be approved in the U.S. by the FDA for use with oral fluid.

CDC's Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer Prevention Activities (3/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/washington/testimony/Ca3112004187.htm
This page provides the March 11 testimony of Ed Thompson, M.D., Deputy Director, CDC, before the Committee on Government Reform, Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, U.S. House of Representatives. Dr. Thompson discusses what we know about HPV, CDC activities, and individual and public health strategies.

Maternal Malaria and Perinatal HIV Transmission, Western Kenya (3/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol10no4/03-0303.htm
This evaluation of perinatal HIV transmission in a malarious area of western Kenya demonstrated that approximately 20% of infants born to HIV-infected mothers acquired HIV by 4 months of age, similar to rates reported in other sub-Saharan African settings. Consistent with other studies, maternal viral load in peripheral blood at the time of delivery and having an episiotomy or perineal tear were risk factors for perinatal mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT). Women with placental malaria had lower rates of perinatal MTCT than women without placental malaria. However, women with high-density malaria had significantly higher rates of perinatal MTCT than parasitemic women with low-density malaria. Malaria during pregnancy is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa, affecting an estimated 24 million pregnant women; malaria prevalence may exceed 50% among primigravid and secundigravid women in malaria-endemic areas.

Syphilis Surveillance Report, 2002 (3/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/std/Syphilis2002/
This report presents syphilis statistics and trends in the United States through 2002 and consists of two parts. The National Profile contains figures that provide an overview of syphilis morbidity in the United States. The State Profile contains figures of syphilis case report trends at the state and county level. The number of cases of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis increased 2.1% between 2000 and 2001 and increased 12.4% between 2001 and 2002. Increases in cases during 2000-2002 were observed only among men. The number of P&S syphilis cases among women and among African-Americans has decreased every year since 1990. During 2001-2002, the number of P&S syphilis cases declined 19.0% among women and 10.3% among African-Americans. In 2002, the rate of P&S syphilis was highest among women in the 20-24 year age group and among men in the 35-39 year age group.

Promising Practices in Perinatal HIV Prevention (3/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/projects/perinatal/materials/2003_Perinatal_
plenaries.htm
Selected summaries of plenary session presentations are provided from the 2003 grantees meeting. Summaries focus on communication, linkage, outreach, integration, system changes, correctional health, counseling and testing, training, social marketing, rural programs, reproductive health, surveillance, and international activities.

Heterosexual Transmission of HIV- 29 States, 1999-2002 (2/20/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5306a3.htm
PDF (p. 125)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5306.pdf
To characterize heterosexual transmission of HIV infections in the United States, CDC analyzed data for 1999-2002 from the 29 states that have met CDC standards for name-based HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome reporting for >4 years. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that heterosexually acquired HIV infections represented 35% of all new HIV cases; 64% of heterosexually acquired HIV infections occurred in females, and 74% occurred in non-Hispanic blacks. The proportion of females was greater among persons with heterosexually acquired HIV infections (64%; 23,205 of 36,084) than the proportion of females among persons exposed through injection-drug use, blood products, transfusions, and undetermined modes of exposure (36%; 6,661 of 18,732). The proportion of infected females was highest among persons aged 13-19 years, consistent with a previous finding. Survey data suggest that females in this age group engage in behaviors that place them at increased risk for acquiring HIV infections; the high proportion of infected females might be associated with sexual contact with older males, who are more likely to be infected. In addition, young females might have more opportunities for HIV testing and diagnosis (e.g., routine family planning and gynecological services) than young males.

Rapid HIV Testing (2/6/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/rapid_testing/index.htm#women
Rapid HIV tests can play an important role in HIV prevention activities. These pages include descriptions of the rapid HIV tests approved by the FDA, how the tests can be implemented in different settings, and research on the effectiveness and possible uses of the tests. For women, treatment, even at the time of labor and delivery, can substantially reduce the transmission of HIV from mother to child. Rapid tests can help implement this prevention strategy. When the recommended antiretroviral and obstetric interventions are used, a woman who knows of her HIV infection early in pregnancy now has a less than 2% chance of delivering an HIV-infected infant. Without intervention, this risk is approximately 25% in the United States.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and Pregnancy– Updated Fact Sheet (1/22/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/std/STDFact-STDs&Pregnancy.htm
This fact sheet answers the following questions: can pregnant women become infected with STDs; how common are STDs in pregnant women in the United States; how do STDs affect a pregnant woman and her baby; should pregnant women be tested for STDs; can STDs be treated during pregnancy; how can pregnant women protect themselves against infection; and where can I get more information.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease– Updated Fact Sheet (1/22/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/std/PID/STDFact-PID.htm
This fact sheet answers the following questions: what is PID; how common is PID; how do women get PID; what are the signs and symptoms of PID; what are the complications of PID; how is PID diagnosed; what is the treatment for PID; how can PID be prevented; and where can I get more information.

Prenatal HIV Testing and Antiretroviral Prophylaxis at an Urban Hospital- Atlanta, Georgia, 1997-2000 (1/20/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5251a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5251.pdf
To identify missed prevention opportunities, CDC analyzed the incidence of perinatal HIV infection among a cohort of HIV-exposed infants born during 1997-2000 at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. This report describes the results of that analysis and underscores the challenges to universal prevention of infant HIV infections. Efforts to reduce perinatal HIV transmission should focus on increasing prenatal care rates, promoting adherence to recommended treatment regimens during pregnancy, and increasing prenatal HIV testing, particularly in areas where missed opportunities for prevention of perinatal HIV transmission persist.

Implementation of Named HIV Reporting- New York City, 2001 (1/20/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5251a2.htm
PDF (p. 1248)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5251.pdf
This report describes epidemiologic data from the first full calendar year of named HIV reporting in NYC. The findings indicate that, compared with persons living with AIDS (PLWA), persons who had HIV diagnosed during 2001 were more likely to be female, non-Hispanic black, younger (i.e., aged <45 years), and residents of the Bronx or Brooklyn. These newly available data describe the NYC population with HIV infection more accurately than data on PLWA and can be used to redirect HIV-prevention efforts to better target persons at highest risk for acquiring HIV infection.

Incidence of Acute Hepatitis B- United States, 1990-2002 (1/20/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5251a3.htm
PDF (p. 1252)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5251.pdf
To characterize the epidemiology of acute hepatitis B in the United States, CDC analyzed national notifiable disease surveillance data for 1990-2002. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, during 1990-2002, the incidence of reported acute hepatitis B declined 67%. To reduce HBV transmission further in the United States, hepatitis B vaccination programs are needed that target men who have sex with men, injection-drug users, and other adults at high risk. The incidence of acute hepatitis B among men has been consistently higher than among women. In 1990, the incidence among men and women was 9.8 and 6.3, respectively; in 2002, the incidence was 3.7 and 2.2, respectively. Overall, incidence among women has declined more than among men; the male-to-female acute hepatitis B rate ratio was 1.5 in 1990, compared with 1.7 in 2002.

Chlamydia Surveillance Supplement 2002 (12/17/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia2002/
This report consists of three parts. The National Profile contains text and figures that provide an overview of chlamydia surveillance in sexually active women in the United States. It also includes the sources and limitations of the data used to produce this report. The State Profiles provide statistical information about chlamydia in women in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The City Profiles provide statistical information about chlamydia in women for selected cities with >200,000 population.

STD Surveillance Slides 2002 (12/17/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/slides.htm
The page provides PowerPoint and 35mm slides for Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, other sexually transmitted diseases, STDs in women and infants, STDs in adults and young adults, STDs in racial and ethnic minorities, STDs among men who have sex with men, and STDs in persons entering corrections facilities.

Public Health Service Task Force Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission in the United States - November 26, 2003 (12/17/03)
http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines (Non-CDC site)
These recommendations update the September 22, 2003 guidelines developed by the Public Health Service for the use of zidovudine (ZDV) to reduce the risk for perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. This report reviews the special considerations regarding use of antiretroviral drugs for pregnant women; updates the results of PACTG 076 and related clinical trials and epidemiologic studies; discusses the use of HIV-1 RNA and antiretroviral drug resistance assays during pregnancy; provides updated recommendations on antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis for reducing perinatal transmission; and provides recommendations related to use of elective cesarean delivery as an intervention to reduce perinatal transmission.

Increases in HIV Diagnosis – 29 States, 1999-2002 (11/27/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5247a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5247.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r031126.htm
CDC analyzed trends in HIV diagnoses in 29 states that conducted name-based HIV/AIDS surveillance during 1999-2002. This report summarizes the results of that study, which indicated that HIV diagnoses increased among men, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM), and also among non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics. During 1999-2002, HIV infection was diagnosed in 102,590 persons in the 29 HIV-reporting states. Of these persons, 72,323 (70.5%) were male, and 30,264 (29.5%) were female. Among racial/ethnic populations, the majority (56,872 [55.4%]) of HIV diagnoses were among non-Hispanic blacks, accounting for 71.8% of all diagnoses in female and 48.6% of all diagnoses in males. Among females, the most prevalent exposure category was heterosexual contact, followed by injection-drug use. The number of new HIV diagnoses did not change significantly during 1999-2002 among females, persons exposed through heterosexual contact, injection-drug users, or MSM who inject drugs.

Chlamydophila abortus Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (11/26/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no12/02-0566.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no12/pdfs/02-0566.pdf
This article reports the first documented case of an extragestational infection with Chlamydophila abortus in humans. The pathogen was identified in a patient with severe pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) by sequence analysis of the ompA gene. The findings raise the possibility that Chlamydiaceae other than Chlamydia trachomatis are involved in PID.

Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents- November 10, 2003 (11/26/03)
http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines (Non-CDC site)
The goal of these recommendations is to provide evidence-based guidance for clinicians and other health-care providers who use antiretroviral agents in treating adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The report includes a section on women of reproductive age and pregnant women. Guidance for antiretroviral therapy for pediatric HIV infection is not contained in this report.

STD Surveillance 2002 (11/24/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats00/default.htm
The report consists of four parts. The National Profile identifies major findings and trends, and contains figures that provide an overview of STD morbidity in the United States. The Special Focus Profiles contain figures and text for selected subgroups and populations (including women and infants). The Detailed Tables provide statistical information at the state, county, city, and national levels. The Appendix includes the sources and limitations of the data used to produce this report.

Primary & Secondary Syphilis – United States, 2002 (Press Release) (11/21/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r031120.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5246.pdf
Erratum
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5247a10.htm
Telebriefing
http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/t031120.htm
To characterize the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, CDC analyzed national surveillance data for 2002. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that the number of reported cases of P&S syphilis increased 12.4% in 2002. As in 2001, this increase occurred only among men, suggesting that this increase occurred particularly among men who have sex with men. For the 12th consecutive year, the number of P&S syphilis cases declined among women and non-Hispanic blacks. During 2001-2002, the rate of P&S syphilis decreased 10.9% among non-Hispanic blacks (2.2% among men and 22.6% among women) and 42.9% among AI/ANs (44.7% among men and 42.1% among women). Rates increased 71.4% among non-Hispanic whites (83.3% among men) and 28.6% among Hispanics (36.4% among men); rates were unchanged among women of both populations. The rate increased 80.0% among Asians/Pacific Islanders (60.0% among men and 100% among women).

STD 101 in a Box (11/20/03)
http://www2a.cdc.gov/std101/
This site provides materials that users may download and customize for conferences, group discussions, and presentations. Topics include STD clinical and behavioral information, HIV/STD inter-relationship, STD epidemiology, and STD Prevention program information. The materials that are available include PowerPoint presentations, Adobe Acrobat and MS Word documents, and a short demonstration video. Must register.

Addendum: Cases of HIV Infection and AIDS in the United States, 2002 (11/18/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/addendum.htm
This report provides additional information about the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS at the national level to complement the information contained in the 2002 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. This report presents the number of AIDS and HIV infection (not AIDS) cases reported in 2002 and cumulatively through 2002. The accompanying tables also present cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) and AIDS, by sex, for adults and adolescents cross-tabulated by race/ethnicity, and exposure category.

STD Communications Database (11/6/03)
http://stdsearch.shs.net/default.aspx
The purpose of the Database is to provide easy access to a comprehensive reference of evidence-based communication interventions, peer-reviewed journal articles, and target audience profiles. The Database houses information specific to a variety of sexually transmitted diseases and target audiences that can be used to guide future health communication interventions or message development in a cost-effective, timely, and efficient manner.

Cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States, 2002 (10/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasr1402.htm
This report is organized in five sections: (1) diagnoses of HIV/AIDS and AIDS, (2) deaths of persons with AIDS, (3) persons living with HIV/AIDS, AIDS, or HIV infection (not AIDS), (4) length of survival after AIDS diagnosis, and (5) reports of cases of AIDS, HIV infection (not AIDS), and HIV/AIDS. From 1998 through 2002, the number of AIDS diagnoses increased 7% among women and decreased 5% among men. In 2002, men accounted for 74% of all new AIDS diagnoses among adults in the United States. Rates of AIDS diagnoses in 2002 were 26.4 per 100,000 among men and 8.8 per 100,000 among women.

The Prevention Connection (HIV, STD, TB newsletter)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/HIV%20NewsletterFinal.pdf
This Spring 2003 issue of the newsletter provides updates on HIV, STD, and TB programs and activities.

HIV Diagnoses Among Injection-Drug Users in States with HIV Surveillance - 25 States, 1994-2000
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5227a2.htm
PDF (p. 634)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5227.pdf
This report presents data on initial HIV diagnoses among IDUs aged >13 years, with and without AIDS at the time of HIV diagnosis, by year, during 1994-2000. The findings indicate that HIV diagnoses among IDUs have leveled in the majority of demographic groups during this period in the 25 states for which HIV surveillance data are available. During 1994-2000, a total of 21,687 HIV diagnoses reported in the 25 states were among IDUs; males accounted for 14,252 (66%) cases. Among women, diagnoses declined 41%, from 1,407 in 1994 to 835 in 1999, and leveled to 886 in 2000. Among men, HIV diagnoses reported among IDUs declined 44%, from 2,819 in 1994 to 1,568 in 1999, and leveled to 1,628 in 2000. Because IDUs and their sex partners represent approximately one third of persons infected in the HIV epidemic and continue to be at risk for transmitting HIV, prevention efforts targeting IDUs and their sex partners should be enhanced.

Characteristics of Persons Living with AIDS and HIV, 2001
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasrsuppVol9No2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/SuppVol9No2.pdf
This report presents the demographic characteristics of persons living with AIDS and HIV at the end of 2001, by state and metropolitan area of residence. The tables on AIDS are updates of previous similar reports published in 1998 and 2000; the HIV tables are new additions. The report features several tables by sex and metropolitan area or state of residence. The number of persons living with AIDS has increased in every state and nearly every metropolitan area over 500,000 population. Most of the persons living with AIDS were male (78%). Over 100,000 persons are estimated to be living with HIV in 25 states. The increased prevalence of persons with HIV and AIDS reflects the success of medical therapies and treatments.

Rapid Increase in HIV Rates - Orel Oblast, Russian Federation, 1999-2001
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5228a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5228.pdf
This report summarizes the results of an assessment of recent HIV trends and the prevalence of risk behaviors among injection-drug users (IDUs) in Orel Oblast. During 1998-2001, the annual rate of new positive HIV test results increased from five per 100,000 tests performed to 202. During January 1999-September 2001, a total of 380 Orel Oblast residents were identified as HIV-positive; 312 (82%) were male, 341 (90%) were aged <30 years, and 313 (82%) were IDUs. During January 1999-September 2001, the number of new cases among women increased from 15 (12%) of 125 cases in January 1999 to 42 (22%) of 190 cases in September 2001. During January 1987-September 2001, a total of 33 (47%) of 70 women and 30 (9%) of 318 men probably were infected through having heterosexual sex. Of the 63 persons probably infected through heterosexual sex, 31 (49%) had sexual contact with persons known by the AIDS Center to be IDUs. Continued increases in HIV rates underscore the need for interventions directed at IDUs and their sex partners to limit further spread of HIV.

Incorporating HIV Prevention into the Medical Care of Persons Living with HIV
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5212a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5212.pdf
The recommendations apply to incorporating HIV prevention into the medical care of all HIV-infected adolescents and adults, regardless of age, sex, or race/ethnicity. They are intended for all persons who provide medical care to HIV-infected persons (e.g., physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, physician assistants); they might also be useful to those who deliver prevention messages (e.g., case managers, social workers, health educators). The recommendations were developed by using an evidence-based approach.

Public Health Service Task Force Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission in the United States - June 16, 2003
http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines
These recommendations update the November 22, 2002 guidelines developed by the Public Health Service for the use of zidovudine (ZDV) to reduce the risk for perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. This report provides health care providers with information for discussion with HIV-1 infected pregnant women to enable such women to make an informed decision regarding the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and use of elective cesarean delivery to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Various circumstances that commonly occur in clinical practice are presented, and the factors influencing treatment considerations are highlighted in this report. On the NIH web site.

Implementing HHS' New HIV Prevention Initiative (Press Release)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r030728.htm
The Department of Health and Human Services’ new HIV initiative emphasizes HIV testing as a routine part of care, greater access to HIV testing, increased attention to prevention among HIV-positive persons, and reduced mother-to-child transmission. CDC research with women of childbearing age shows that reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission in part depends on increasing awareness of the need to be tested and that treatment is available if results are positive. In two separate surveys of recently pregnant women, 20 percent or more reported that they had never been tested for HIV, despite a 1995 CDC recommendation that all pregnant women be tested. Another CDC study found that more than 40 percent of women of childbearing age were not aware that treatments to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child are available. Knowing that effective treatments are available could motivate more women to be tested during pregnancy.

HIV Testing - United States, 2001
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5223a2.htm
PDF (p. 540)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5223.pdf
A goal of the new CDC initiative, Advancing HIV Prevention: New Strategies for a Changing Epidemic, is to ensure that every HIV-infected person has the opportunity to be tested and has access to state-of-the-art medical care and prevention services needed to prevent HIV transmission. To characterize the prevalence of HIV-antibody testing among U.S. adults, CDC analyzed data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The findings document variability in HIV testing prevalence by area and by sex within areas, underscoring the ongoing need to promote voluntary HIV counseling and testing that will provide persons with early knowledge of their HIV status and offer them access to appropriate counseling and treatment. Among those ever tested, few statistically significant differences between men and women were found except for the reason they were tested. Women were more likely than men ever to have been tested in nine states (California, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington) and in Puerto Rico.

Late Versus Early Testing of HIV-16 Sites, United States, 2000-2003
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5225a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5225.pdf
This report summarizes the results from a multisite interview project where persons at 16 U.S. sites were tested early in the course of HIV disease (early testers) and compared with persons who were tested late in the course of HIV disease (late testers). Results indicate that late testers were more likely than early testers to be black or Hispanic, less educated, and exposed to HIV through heterosexual contact. Reducing the incidence of both new infections and HIV-associated morbidity and mortality will require earlier testing and improved access to prevention and care services for persons infected with HIV. A new CDC initiative, "Advancing HIV Prevention: New Strategies for a Changing Epidemic," is aimed at reducing barriers to early diagnosis of HIV infection and increasing access to quality medical care, treatment, and ongoing prevention services.

Recommendations for Public Health Surveillance of Syphilis in the United States
http://www.cdc.gov/std/SyphSurvReco.pdf
The recommendations were developed for state and local public health programs. The intention of this report is to make the collection and reporting of syphilis surveillance data more uniform so that data from a variety of sources are comparable.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance Supplement Report, 1994-2000
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasrsuppvol9No1.htm
This report characterizes the following three AIDS events in adolescents and adults in the United States from 1994 to 2000 by years of age: AIDS diagnoses, deaths in persons with AIDS, and persons living with AIDS.

2001 Syphilis Surveillance Report
http://www.cdc.gov/std/Syphilis2001/
The Syphilis Surveillance Report, 2001, presents syphilis statistics and trends in the United States through 2001. Between 2000 and 2001, the number of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis cases among women declined 19.5%. In 2001, the rate of P&S syphilis among women was highest in the 20-24 year age group. The Syphilis Surveillance Report consists of two parts. The National Profile contains figures that provide an overview of syphilis morbidity in the United States. The State Profile contains figures of syphilis case report trends at the state and county level.

Advancing HIV Prevention: New Strategies for a Changing Epidemic-United States, 2003
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5215a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5215.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r030417.htm
Telebriefing
http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/t030417.htm
A new initiative will be launched in 2003 to reduce barriers to early diagnosis of HIV infection and increase access to quality medical care, treatment, and ongoing prevention services. The initiative consists of four key strategies: make HIV testing a routine part of medical care; implement new models for diagnosing HIV infections outside medical settings; prevent new infections by working with persons diagnosed with HIV and their partners; and further decrease perinatal HIV transmission. CDC will promote recommendations for routine HIV testing of all pregnant women, and, as a safety net, for the routine screening of any infant whose mother was not screened. This initiative emphasizes the use of proven public health approaches to reducing the incidence and spread of disease.

AIDS Surveillance - Trends
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/trends.htm
This series has 17 slides, including incidence of perinatally acquired AIDS, incidence of AIDS among adults and adolescents, incidence among women with AIDS attributed to heterosexual contact, number of deaths among women with AIDS attributed to heterosexual contact, and prevalence among female adults and adolescents.

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Surveillance Slide Set
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/pediatri.htm
This set includes 12 slides, including information on the following: mother's exposure category, reported AIDS in children, perinatally acquired AIDS cases, Zivoduvine use for HIV-infected pregnant women or perinatally exposed or infected children, AIDS cases in children, perinatally acquired AIDS cases, children living with HIV infection or AIDS, AIDS-defining conditions, and AIDS rates for children by race/ethnicity.

2001 Syphilis Surveillance Report
http://www.cdc.gov/std/Syphilis2001/
The Syphilis Surveillance Report, 2001, presents syphilis statistics and trends in the United States through 2001. Between 2000 and 2001, the number of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis cases among women declined 19.5%. In 2001, the rate of P&S syphilis among women was highest in the 20-24 year age group. The Syphilis Surveillance Report consists of two parts. The National Profile contains figures that provide an overview of syphilis morbidity in the United States. The State Profile contains figures of syphilis case report trends at the state and county level.

Pregnancy in Perinatally HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults, Puerto Rico, 2002
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5208a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5208.pdf
The number of perinatally HIV-infected females in the United States who are becoming both sexually active and pregnant is increasing. During August 1998-May 2002, a total of 10 pregnancies were identified among eight perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and young adults in Puerto Rico; in April 2002, the Puerto Rico Department of Health asked CDC to assist in assessing such pregnancies. This report describes these pregnancies and discusses factors associated with sexual activity and pregnancy. The findings suggest that increasing numbers of pregnancies will occur among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and young adults and that appropriately tailored reproductive health interventions should be developed.

Slide Set - HIV/AIDS Surveillance, General Epidemiology
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/surveill.htm
Includes 23 slides: Estimated incidence of AIDS and deaths of adults and adolescents, AIDS cases and deaths, Persons diagnosed with AIDS by age and sex, Estimated number of adults and adolescents living with AIDS by sex, Estimated number of persons living with AIDS by race/ethnicity, Estimated number of Asian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native persons living with AIDS, Estimated number of persons living with AIDS by region, Proportions of AIDS cases by race/ethnicity and year of report, Proportions of AIDS cases among adults and adolescents by exposure category and year of diagnosis, Estimated AIDS incidence among adults and adolescents by sex and exposure category, AIDS rates, Reported AIDS cases and estimated population by race/ethnicity, AIDS cases and rates for male/female adults and adolescents by race/ethnicity, AIDS cases by region and size of place of residence, Estimated AIDS cases by exposure category, Estimated AIDS cases and rates associated with injection drug use by exposure category, AIDS cases in children, Year of initiation of confidential HIV case surveillance, Cases of HIV infection, Adolescents 13-19 years of age living with HIV infection and adolescents living with AIDS, and Age at diagnosis of HIV infection or AIDS.

Slide Set - HIV/AIDS Surveillance by Race/Ethnicity
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/minority.htm
Slides are available for: AIDS cases in racial/ethnic minorities, proportion of AIDS cases, AIDS in blacks and Hispanics, Estimated AIDS cases in adults and adolescents by exposure category, AIDS cases reported in 2001 and estimated 2001 population, estimated percent distribution of AIDS cases in male/female adults and adolescents by exposure category, and AIDS cases in adults and adolescents by sex.

PDA Download of STD Treatment Guidelines 2002
http://www.cdcnpin.org/scripts/std/pda.asp
The CDC Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2002 are available as a PDA file for viewing on a Palm OS device, with bookmarks and hyperlinks to facilitate browsing. This page contains instructions for downloading the guidelines, the guideline files, and tips for viewing the guidelines.

HIV/STD Risks in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Do Not Disclose Their Sexual Orientation - Six U.S. Cities, 1994-2000
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5205a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5205.pdf
The number of perinatally HIV-infected females in the United States who are becoming both sexually active and pregnant is increasing. During August 1998-May 2002, a total of 10 pregnancies were identified among eight perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and young adults in Puerto Rico; in April 2002, the Puerto Rico Department of Health asked CDC to assist in assessing such pregnancies. This report describes these pregnancies and discusses factors associated with sexual activity and pregnancy. The findings suggest that increasing numbers of pregnancies will occur among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and young adults and that appropriately tailored reproductive health interventions should be developed.

Fact Sheet for Public Health Personnel: Male Latex Condoms and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/condoms.htm
This fact sheet is based on the July 2001 National Institutes of Health workshop report and additional studies that were not reviewed in that report or were published subsequent to the workshop. Recommendations concerning the male latex condom and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are based on information about how different STDs are transmitted, the physical properties of condoms, the anatomic coverage or protection that condoms provide, and epidemiologic studies of condom use and STD risk.

Slide Set - HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Women, through 2001
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/women.htm
The slide sets includes AIDS incidence among women and adolescents by region and race/ethnicity; AIDS cases and rates among women and adolescent girls; Estimates of AIDS incidence in women and adolescent Girls by exposure category; Estimated AIDS incidence in women and adolescent girls by exposure category and age at diagnosis; AIDS rates in women and adolescent girls; Estimated AIDS incidence among women and adolescent girls attributed to injection drug use and heterosexual contact; AIDS incidence among women and adolescent girls; and women and adolescent girls 15-44 years living with HIV infection or AIDS.

2001 Chlamydia Surveillance Supplement
http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia2001/default.htm
The purpose of the project is to monitor the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections among women screened for this infection in the United States through publicly-funded programs. The data presented on chlamydial infection in this report complement and supplement data presented in CDC's 2001 STD Surveillance Report. State profiles are provided.

STD Surveillance Report - 2001
http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats01/
Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2001 presents statistics and trends for STDs in the United States through 2001. This annual publication is intended as a reference document for policy makers, program managers, health planners, researchers, and others who are concerned with the public health implications of these diseases. The figures and tables in this edition supersede those in earlier publications of these data.

Slide Show - Summary of the 2002 STD Treatment Guidelines
http://www.cdc.gov/STD/treatment/default.htm#TG2002Slides
View online or download the PowerPoint format.

HIV Testing Among Pregnant Women - United States and Canada, 1998-2001
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5145a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5145.pdf
To assess the effectiveness of three different prenatal HIV-testing approaches, CDC reviewed prenatal HIV-antibody testing rates associated with these approaches. Medical record data suggest that the "opt-in" voluntary testing approach is associated with lower testing rates than either the "opt-out" voluntary testing approach or the mandatory newborn HIV testing approach. Prenatal HIV testing affords the best opportunity for the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. On the basis of clinical trial data, perinatal HIV-transmission rates among HIV-infected women who begin antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy are as low as <2%, compared with 12%-13% early transmission rates among women who do not begin preventive treatment until labor and delivery or after birth and 25% among women who receive no preventive treatment.

FDA Approves New Rapid HIV Test Kit (Press Release)
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2002/NEW00852.html (Non-CDC site)
Using less than a drop of blood collected, this new test can quickly and reliably detect antibodies to HIV-1, the HIV virus that causes infection in most cases in the U.S. Unlike other antibody tests for HIV, this test can be stored at room temperature, requires no specialized equipment, and may be considered for use outside of traditional laboratory or clinical settings.

• FAQ's
  http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/rt-faq.htm
• HIV Counseling with Rapid Tests
  http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/rt-counseling.htm
• Rapid HIV Testing of Women in Labor and Delivery
  http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/rt-women.htm
• Erratum
  http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5147a10.htm

Primary and Secondary Syphilis - United States, 2000-2001
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5143a4.htm
PDF (p. 971)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5143.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r021101b.htm
Telebriefing
http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/t021031.htm
To characterize the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, CDC analyzed national notifiable disease surveillance data for 2000-2001. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that the number of reported cases of P&S syphilis increased slightly in 2001. This increase occurred only among men; the number of P&S syphilis cases continued to decline among women and among non-Hispanic blacks. The available data indicate that syphilis cases occurring among men who have sex with men (MSM) contributed to the increase in cases. The data suggest that, although efforts to reduce syphilis among women and non-Hispanic blacks appear effective and should continue, efforts to prevent and treat syphilis among MSM need to be improved. In 2001, rates of P&S syphilis were 114.3% higher for men than for women. During 2000-2001, the rate increased 15.4% among men and decreased 17.6% among women; the male-to-female P&S syphilis case ratio increased 50% (from 1.4:1 to 2.1:1). Increases in male-to-female case ratios occurred among all racial/ethnic groups.

Screening Tests To Detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections - 2002
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5115.pdf
This report updates the 1993 guidelines for selecting laboratory tests for C. trachomatis with an emphasis on screening men and women in the United States. In this report, screening refers to testing persons in the absence of symptoms or signs indicating C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infection. In addition, these guidelines consider tests from an economic perspective and expand the previous guidelines to address detection of N. gonorrhoeae as well as C. trachomatis infections. This report also addresses the need for additional testing after a positive screening test to improve the specificity of a final diagnosis. These guidelines are intended for laboratorians, clinicians, and managers who must choose among the multiple available tests, establish standard operating procedures for collecting and processing specimens, interpret test results for laboratory reporting, and counsel and treat patients. Both infections are often asymptomatic among females; and, if untreated, both can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

Text documents:
Screening Tests
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5115a1.htm
Appendix A
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5115a2.htm
Appendix B
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5115a3.htm
Appendix C
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5115a4.htm
Appendix D
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5115a5.htm
Appendix E
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5115a6.htm
Appendix F
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5115a7.htm

Deaths among Persons with AIDS through December 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasrsupp81.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasrsupp81.pdf
This report describes deaths among persons with AIDS, by year of death, age group, geographic area, exposure category, and race/ethnicity. Deaths among persons with AIDS can be attributable to any cause of death, not necessarily HIV-related disease. This report also includes death certificate data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics on the leading causes of death, including HIV disease in the general population. Decreases over the past several years in the number of deaths among persons with HIV and AIDS are evident in all geographic and demographic groups in the United States. Sex specific data available in Tables 4, 5, 6, and 7, and in Figures 6, 7, and 8.

AIDS Cases by State and Metropolitan Area of Residence, 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasrsupp82.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasrsupp82.pdf
This report describes AIDS cases reported in 2000, cumulative AIDS cases reported through 2000, AIDS rates (cases reported per 100,000 population) in 2000, and estimated AIDS prevalence at the end of 2000, by sex, race/ethnicity, and exposure category for states and metropolitan areas over 500,000 population. States and metropolitan areas are ranked in descending order of morbidity. All data in this report are provisional. New York, California, Florida, New Jersey and Texas ranked the highest in total AIDS cases reported in 2000 in most of the states tables. New York ranked first in cumulative AIDS cases, AIDS cases reported in 2000, in persons living with AIDS, among non-Hispanic black men and women. Puerto Rico ranked third in number of AIDS cases reported in Hispanic men and second in Hispanic women. Hawaii ranked high in number of cases in Asian/Pacific Islander men and women. Arizona, Oklahoma and Washington ranked high in American Indian/Alaska Native men and women.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents Slide Set
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/adolesnt.htm
This slide set includes: AIDS in 13- to 19-Year-Olds, by Sex and Year of Report; AIDS in 20- to 24-Year-Olds, by Sex and Year of Report; AIDS in Adolescents and Adults, by Sex and Age at Diagnosis; Reported HIV in Adolescents and Adults, by Sex and Age at Diagnosis; AIDS Cases in Male Adolescents and Young Adults, by Exposure Category; AIDS Cases in Female Adolescents and Young Adults, by Exposure Category; AIDS Cases in 13- to 19-Year-Olds, by Race/Ethnicity; HIV Infection and AIDS in 13- to 19-Year-Olds; and Adolescents 13-19 Years of Age Living with HIV Infection and AIDS.

Trends in Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students - United States, 1991-2001
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5138a2.htm
PDF (p. 856)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5138.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r020927.htm
This report summarizes the results of the analysis of six national Youth Risk Behavior surveys (YRBS), which indicate that, during 1991-2001, the percentage of U.S. high school students who ever had sexual intercourse and the percentage who had multiple sex partners decreased. Among students who are currently sexually active, the prevalence of condom use increased, although it has leveled off since 1999. However, the percentage of these students who used alcohol or drugs before last sexual intercourse increased. During 1991-2001, the prevalence of sexual experience decreased 16% among high school students. Logistic regression analysis indicated a significant linear decrease overall and among female, male, 10th-grade, 11th-grade, 12th-grade, black, and white students. During 1991-2001, the prevalence of multiple sex partners decreased 24%. Prevalence of multiple sex partners did not show a significant linear decrease among female, 9th-grade, 10th-grade, or Hispanic students. YRBS, a component of CDC's Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, measures the self-reported prevalence of health risk behaviors among adolescents through representative national, state, and local surveys.

U.S. HIV and AIDS Cases Reported Through December 2001. Year-end edition Vol.13, No.2
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasr1302.htm
Includes data on HIV infection and AIDS cases, AIDS incidence, prevalence, and deaths, adjusted for unreported risk and delays in reporting.

Update: AIDS - United States, 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5127a2.htm
PDF (p. 592)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5127.pdf
This report describes changes in AIDS incidence, prevalence, and deaths among persons with AIDS during January 1996-December 2000. Surveillance data indicate a slowing of declines in new AIDS diagnoses, continued declines in deaths among persons with AIDS, and increases in the number of persons living with AIDS. Of the estimated 69,775 adult and adolescent women living with AIDS, 40,051 (57 percent) were exposed through heterosexual contact, and 27,475 (39 percent) were injection drug users.

HIV Infections in U.S. Newborns Decline 80 Percent Since 1991
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r020707b.htm
CDC researchers report an estimated 80 percent decline in the number of infants born with HIV infection in the United States during the last decade. This decline, presented at the XIV International AIDS Conference represents a tremendous success in reducing the toll of HIV infection in the United States. However, study authors stress that, despite this progress, eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission will prove increasingly difficult as the number of women living with HIV infection in the U.S. continues to grow.

AIDS Cases Remain Stable After Recent Declines
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r020707.htm
U.S. AIDS cases and HIV infections appear roughly stable overall; however, the overall stability may be masking increases in HIV infections among some populations of heterosexuals as well as gay and bisexual men. During the seven-year period examined, the majority of HIV diagnoses occurred among gay and bisexual men (43 percent), followed by individuals infected heterosexually (27 percent) and injecting drug users (23 percent). Among the heterosexual HIV diagnoses, African-American women accounted for almost 50 percent of cases. Among gay and bisexual men, white men (52 percent) and African-American men (40 percent) represented the vast majority of reported HIV diagnoses.

Preventing Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission: Thailand
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r020706.htm
In the first year of Thailand's national program to prevent mother-to-child (perinatal) HIV transmission, more than two-thirds of HIV-infected expectant mothers who had prenatal care also received short-course zidovudine (ZDV) to prevent HIV transmission to their newborns, and nearly nine in 10 infants at risk of infection received prophylactic ZDV treatment after birth. The program is the first to be implemented nationwide in a developing country, and has reached more than 500,000 pregnant women to date.

Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Infected Persons – 2002
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5108a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5108.pdf
This fourth edition of the guidelines, made available on the Internet in 2001, is intended for clinicians and other health-care providers who care for HIV-infected persons. The goal of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections (OIs) among HIV-infected adults and adolescents, including pregnant women, and HIV-exposed or infected children. Nineteen OIs, or groups of OIs, are addressed, and recommendations are included for preventing exposure to opportunistic pathogens, preventing first episodes of disease by chemoprophylaxis or vaccination (primary prophylaxis), and preventing disease recurrence (secondary prophylaxis). Major changes since the last edition of the guidelines include 1) updated recommendations for discontinuing primary and secondary OI prophylaxis among persons whose CD4+ T lymphocyte counts have increased in response to antiretroviral therapy; 2) emphasis on screening all HIV-infected persons for infection with hepatitis C virus; 3) new information regarding transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection; 4) new information regarding drug interactions, chiefly related to rifamycins and antiretroviral drugs; and 5) revised recommendations for immunizing HIV-infected adults and adolescents and HIV-exposed or infected children.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance - General Epidemiology Slide Series
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/surveill.htm
Slides include estimated incidence of AIDS and deaths of adults with AIDS; cases and deaths; cases by age and sex; estimated number of persons living with AIDS; estimated number of Asian/Pacific Islanders and American Indian/Alaska Natives living with AIDS; cases in adult/adolescent women by race/ethnicity per 100,000 population; cases in children; age at diagnosis; and others.

Guidelines for Using Antiretroviral Agents Among HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Recommendations of the Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5107a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5107.pdf
This report, which updates the 1998 guidelines, addresses 1) using testing for plasma HIV ribonucleic acid levels (i.e., viral load) and CD4+ T cell count; 2) using testing for antiretroviral drug resistance; 3) considerations for when to initiate therapy; 4) adherence to antiretroviral therapy; 5) considerations for therapy among patients with advanced disease; 6) therapy-related adverse events; 7) interruption of therapy; 8) considerations for changing therapy and available therapeutic options; 9) treatment for acute HIV infection; 10) considerations for antiretroviral therapy among adolescents; 11) considerations for antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women; and 12) concerns related to transmission of HIV to others.

HIV/AIDS Mortality Slide Set, 1987-2000
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/mortalit.htm
This 36-slide set includes trends in age-adjusted death rates, survival after months of diagnosis, leading causes of death by 5-year age group, potential life lost, trends in annual rates of death among women, and others.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines – 2002
http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/
Telebriefing
http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/t020509.htm
These guidelines are for the treatment of patients who have sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and were developed by CDC after consultation with a group of professionals. The information in this report updates the 1998 Guidelines for Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Included in these updated guidelines are new alternative regimens for scabies, bacterial vaginosis, early syphilis, and granuloma inguinale; an expanded section on the diagnosis of genital herpes (including type-specific serologic tests); new recommendations for treatment of recurrent genital herpes among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); a revised approach to the management of victims of sexual assault; expanded regimens for the treatment of urethral meatal warts; and inclusion of hepatitis C as a sexually transmitted infection. In addition, these guidelines emphasize education and counseling for persons infected with human papillomavirus, clarify the diagnostic evaluation of congenital syphilis, and present information regarding the emergence of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and implications for treatment. Recommendations also are provided for vaccine-preventable STDs, including hepatitis A and hepatitis B.

Updated Fact Sheet: HIV/AIDS Among US Women: Minority and Young Women at Continuing Risk
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/women.htm
Between 1992 and 1999, the number of persons living with AIDS increased, as a result of the 1993 expanded AIDS case definition and, more recently, improved survival among those who have benefited from the new combination drug therapies. During that 7-year period, a growing proportion of persons living with AIDS were women, reflecting the ongoing shift in populations affected by the epidemic. In 1992, women accounted for 14% of adults/adolescents living with AIDS - by 1999, the proportion had grown to 20%.

Updated Fact Sheet: HIV/AIDS Among Hispanics in the United States
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/hispanic.htm
The United States has a large and growing Hispanic population that is heavily affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In 2000, Hispanics represented 13% of the U.S. population (including residents of Puerto Rico), but accounted for 19% of the total number of new U.S. AIDS cases reported that year (8,173 of 42,156 cases). Cumulatively, males account for the largest proportion (81%) of AIDS cases reported among Hispanics in the United States, although the proportion of cases among females is rising. Females represent 19% of cumulative AIDS cases among Hispanics, but account for 23% of cases reported in 2000 alone.

Changes in STD Rates in U.S. Cities (Press Release)
http://www.cdc.gov/std/media/2002ConfTrends.htm
Summary data, is provided for gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and human papillomavirus (HPV-16), and the increases and decreases in disease rates seen in various U.S. cities.

U.S. HIV and AIDS Cases Reported Through June 2001: Midyear Edition
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasr1301.htm
This report includes new tables which present trends in estimated annual AIDS incidence from 1996 through 2000, by U.S. region, race/ethnicity, and exposure category. The number of AIDS cases diagnosed in 2000 was 1.4% lower than that in 1999. From 1999 to 2000, the estimated number of persons living with AIDS increased 7.9%. CDC estimates that about 339,000 persons were living with AIDS as of December 2000: 41% were black, 38% were white, 20% were Hispanic, 1% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and <1% were American Indian/Alaska Native. Included are figures for: female adult/adolescent annual AIDS rates; female adult/adolescent HIV infection and AIDS cases; AIDS cases by age group, exposure category, and sex; female adult/adolescent AIDS cases by exposure category and race/ethnicity; female adult/adolescent HIV infection cases by exposure category and race/ethnicity; trends of persons living with AIDS, trends of deaths of persons with AIDS; and other information.

Substance Abuse Treatment (HIV Prevention Among IDUs)
http://www.cdc.gov/idu/substance.htm
These fact sheets focus on HIV prevention issues related to substance abuse treatment. They include: Substance Abuse Treatment for Injection Drug Users (IDUs): A Strategy with Many Benefits, What Can We Expect From Substance Abuse Treatment?, Linking HIV Prevention Services and Substance Abuse Treatment Programs, Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Policy Issues and Challenges in Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse Treatment and Public Health: Working Together to Benefit Injection Drug Users.

Progress Toward Elimination of Perinatal HIV Infection-Michigan, 1993-2000
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5105a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5105.pdf
This report summarizes surveillance data collected through December 31, 2001, on children born to HIV-infected women in Michigan during 1993-2000. The report highlights rapid adoption of PHS guidelines that resulted in the reduction of perinatally acquired HIV infection to historically low levels in Michigan. Improving levels of prenatal care (PNC) for HIV-infected pregnant women, especially substance users, and routine HIV counseling and voluntary testing for all pregnant women are needed to further reduce perinatal HIV infection.

2000 Chlamydia Surveillance Supplement
http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia2000/
This report compares data on chlamydia prevalence in selected populations with data reported to CDC through the case reporting system. In 2000, 702,093 chlamydial infections were reported to CDC from 50 states and the District of Columbia. The reported number of cases of chlamydial infection was about two times greater than the reported cases of gonorrhea (358,995 gonorrhea cases were reported in 2000). From 1987 through 2000 the reported rate of chlamydial infection among women increased from 78.5 cases per 100,000 population to 404. State profiles are also provided.

Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats00
This report presents statistics and trends for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States through 2000. This annual publication is intended as a reference document for policy makers, program managers, health planners, researchers, and others who are concerned with the public health implications of these diseases. The figures and tables in this edition supersede those in earlier publications of these data. It includes chapter on STDS in women and infants, with rates by state for chlaymdia, gonorrhea, and primary and secondary syphilis. It also includes information on hospitalizations for ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease.

U.S. Syphilis Rate Declines to All-Time Low in 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/std/media/
The overall syphilis rate in the United States fell to an all-time low in 2000, continuing a decade-long decline that places elimination of this sexually transmitted disease within closer reach. In 2000, only 5,979 cases of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis were reported in the United States, a decline of 9.6 percent since 1999. The reported rate of syphilis for 2000 was 2.2 cases per 100,000 people, slightly less than the 1999 syphilis rate, which was 2.4 cases per 100,000 people. In 2000, half of all P&S syphilis cases in the United States were concentrated in only 21 counties and one independent city.

Trichomonas vaginalis, HIV, and African-Americans
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol7no6/sorvillo.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol7no6/pdf/sorvillo.pdf
Trichomonas vaginalis may be emerging as one of the most important cofactors in amplifying HIV transmission, particularly in African-American communities of the United States. In a person co-infected with HIV, the pathology induced by T. vaginalis infection can increase HIV shedding. Trichomonas infection may also act to expand the portal of entry for HIV in an HIV-negative person. Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite transmitted principally through vaginal intercourse. Infection with the organism, while frequently asymptomatic, can cause vaginitis in women and urethritis in men.

HIV Prevalence Trends in Selected Populations in the United States: Results from National Serosurveillance, 1993-1997
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/hivprevalence/hivprevalence.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/hivprevalence/HIVPrevalTrendsPop.pdf
Prevalence data from the serosurveillance system continue to reflect the widespread, yet extremely varied, distribution of HIV infection across demographic and geographic subgroups. This report presents data from 23 sexually transmitted disease clinics in 13 cities, 22 drug treatment centers in 14 cities, and 5 adolescent medicine clinics in 3 cities.

Revised Guidelines for HIV Counseling, Testing, and Referral (CTR) and Revised Recommendations for HIV Screening of Pregnant Women
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5019.pdf
The new Guidelines and Recommendations replace guidelines previously issued by CDC and the Public Health Service. The new Counseling, Testing and Referral guidelines include the following significant revisions: providing guidance to all providers of voluntary HIV counseling, testing and referral (CTR), both in the public and private sectors; underscoring the importance of early knowledge of HIV status by making testing more accessible and available; acknowledging providers' need for flexibility in implementing the guidelines, given their particular client base, setting, HIV prevalence level, and available resources; recommending that CTR be targeted efficiently through risk screening and other strategies; and addressing ways to improve the quality and provision of HIV CTR. Major revisions to the 1995 Screening of Pregnant Women recommendations include: emphasizing HIV testing as a routine part of prenatal care; strengthening the recommendation that all pregnant women be tested for HIV; recommending simplification of the testing process and making the consent process more flexible; recommending that providers explore and address reasons for refusal of testing; and emphasizing HIV testing and treatment at the time of delivery for women who have neither received prenatal testing nor antiretroviral drugs, if HIV-positive.

• HIV Counseling, Testing, and Referral (CTR)
  http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5019a1.htm
• Revised Recommendations for HIV Screening of Pregnant Women http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5019a2.htm

Learning from the Community: What Community-Based Organizations (CBO) Say About Factors that Affect HIV Prevention Programs
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/aboutdhap/perb/cbo.pdf
This summary reflects the experiences of many CBOs who work to develop, implement, and evaluate effective approaches to decreasing HIV transmission in their communities.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Women [slide series] Through 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/women.htm
The nine slides include information on incidence, cases and rates, exposure category, age of diagnosis, injection drug use and heterosexual contact, region and race/ethnicity, and living with HIV infection.

U.S. HIV and AIDS Cases Reported Through December 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasr1202.htm
As of December 31, 2000, CDC had received reports of 774,467 persons with AIDS in the U.S.; 448,060 (58%) are known to have died. Through December 2000 there were 450,151 persons reported to the CDC as living with HIV infection or with AIDS. The predominant mode of exposure among an estimated 10,092 adult/adolescent women with AIDS diagnosed in 1999, was heterosexual contact. The estimated AIDS incidence among women fluctuated slightly and the proportion of cases attributable to heterosexual contact increased. The number and proportion of AIDS cases among women exposed through injecting drug use declined. In 2000, 21,704 newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) were reported from 36 areas. Of the HIV reports received in 2000, 68% were among adult men, 31% were among adult women, and 1% among children <13 years of age.

AIDS Cases - Basic Statistics
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats.htm
Tables are provided of cumulative AIDS cases by age, race or ethnicity and by exposure category, summarized from the CDC semiannual HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. Numbers are based on AIDS cases reported to CDC through December 2000.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance Methods Slide Set
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/methods.htm
Eleven slides on: HIV/AIDS case surveillance, how HIV/AIDS surveillance data are collected, core HIV/AIDS surveillance information flow, what HIV/AIDS surveillance data are collected, core surveillance: reporting the spectrum of HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, confidentiality of HIV/AIDS surveillance data, evaluation of surveillance systems, representativeness of HIV/AIDS surveillance data, limitations of HIV/AIDS surveillance data, uses of HIV/AIDS surveillance data, and dissemination of HIV/AIDS surveillance data.

Evaluation of a Regional Pilot Program to Prevent Mother-Infant HIV Transmission - Thailand, 1998-2000
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5028a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5028.pdf
In 1998, the Thailand Ministry of Public Health initiated a pilot program to prevent mother-infant HIV transmission in region 7, a rural area in northeastern Thailand with an antenatal HIV prevalence of approximately 1%, to assess program feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability. This report summarizes an evaluation of the 2-year pilot program, which indicated that acceptance of HIV testing and adherence to zidovudine were high and HIV transmission was reduced. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of implementing programs to prevent mother-infant HIV transmission on a large scale in a developing country.

Congenital Syphilis - United States, 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5027a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5027.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r010712.htm
This report summarizes 1997-2000 congenital syphilis (CS) surveillance data, which indicate that CS rates have decreased substantially among most racial/ethnic minority populations and that the elimination of CS in the United States is feasible because of the limited number of cases and highly focal distribution. To increase the percentage of women at risk who receive screening for syphilis during pregnancy, collaborative efforts are needed among health-care providers, health insurers, policymakers, and the public.

• State/Area Ranking
  http://www.cdc.gov/std/Press/RankCSyph2000.htm

HIV Counseling and Testing in Publicly Funded Sites: Annual Report 1997 and 1998
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/cts98.pdf
This report represents the release of final HIV Counseling and Testing System statistics for 1997 and 1998 and presents detailed data on publicly funded HIV counseling, testing, and referral services by facility, and client demographic and behavioral risk characteristics. The report also provides data on completion of posttest counseling session, HIV test result, region, and project area. Slightly more than half of all HIV tests were requested by women (56.5% and 55.6% in 1997 and 1998, respectively). However, slightly more than two-thirds of all HIV-positive test results were for men (67.4% and 68.2% in 1997 and 1998, respectively). Both for men and women, the largest proportion of all HIV tests was provided for persons 20 to 29 years of age, but the largest proportion of HIV-positive test results was for persons 30 to 39 years of age. Among adolescents aged 13 to 19, a higher proportion of HIV-positive tests were reported by females than by males.

Fact Sheets on Genital HPV Infection, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, and Chlamydia
Learn more about these sexually transmitted diseases, including causes, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

• Genital HPV Infection
  http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/dstd/Fact_Sheets/FactsHPV.htm
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
  http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/dstd/Fact_Sheets/FactsPID.htm
• Chlamydia
  http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/dstd/Fact_Sheets/FactsChlamydiaInfo.htm

A Method for Classification of HIV Exposure Category for Women Without HIV Risk Information
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5006a3.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5006.pdf
In this report, a classification model using discriminant function analysis is described. The purpose of the classification model is to develop a proportionate distribution of exposure risk category for cases among women reported without risk information. The distribution was estimated based on behavioral and demographic data obtained from interviews with HIV-infected women; the interviews were conducted in 12 states during 1993-1996. Variables used in the analysis were alcohol abuse, noninjection-drug use, and crack use; year of HIV/AIDS diagnosis; age; employment; and region. As a result of the classification procedure, nearly all cases among women with no reported risk were classified into an exposure risk category: 81%, heterosexual contact; and 16%, injection-drug use. This report provides one method that could be applied to HIV surveillance data at the national level to estimate the proportion of cases in exposure risk categories. However, because the study in this report is limited in sample size and geographic representativeness, other models are also needed for adjusting risk exposure data at the national, state, and local levels.

Bright Ideas 2001: Innovative or Promising Practices in HIV Prevention & Planning
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/brightideas.pdf
Bright Ideas 2001 follows the huge success of Bright Ideas 2000, shared for the first time one year ago at the Community Planning Leadership Summit for HIV Prevention in Los Angeles. We are pleased to present another set of practices identified as noteworthy or promising, to better share and network about strategies to increase the effectiveness of community planning and HIV prevention in the nation.

Primary and Secondary Syphilis - United States, 1999
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5007a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5007.pdf
In 1999, 6657 cases of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis were reported in the United States (2.5 per 100,000 population), a 5.4% decrease from the 7035 cases (rate: 2.6) reported in 1998 and a 22% decrease from the 8556 cases (rate: 3.2) reported in 1997. Rates for P&S syphilis in 1999 were 45% higher for men (2.9) than for women (2.0). The male-to-female rate ratio in 1999 was 1.5:1, and has been increasing since 1994, when it was 1:1. The South continues to have the highest rate in the country (4.5). Reported rates of P&S syphilis in 1999 were 30 times higher for African Americans than for white Americans. Of the 265 counties (8.5% of all counties) with P&S syphilis rates above the 2000 objective, 243 were in the South. Syphilis increases the likelihood of HIV transmission and can compromise reproductive health; e.g., miscarriages, stillbirths.

Replicating Effective Programs Plus
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/projects/rep/
Welcome to REP+, Replicating Effective Programs plus other related resources. This site is dedicated to helping you identify and implement HIV/AIDS prevention programs that have been shown to work in the real world! The programs in REP are tested, science-based behavioral interventions with demonstrated evidence of effectiveness in reducing risky behaviors, such as unprotected sex, or in encouraging safer ones, such as using condoms and other methods of practicing safer sex. The interventions are translated into everyday language and put into user-friendly packages of materials. These packages are designed, developed, and field-tested by researchers collaborating with community-based partners.

HIV Prevention Strategic Plan Through 2005
http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/news/prevention.pdf
To develop this five-year strategic plan, CDC involved more than 100 experts from inside and outside the government: experts in behavioral science, epidemiology, medicine and the other disciplines required to address the HIV epidemic, including community-based HIV prevention providers, state and local health departments, members of infected and affected groups. A new strategic plan for HIV prevention and control is timely and essential in guiding our efforts to more effectively address HIV infection and AIDS at home and abroad. CDC’s HIV Prevention Strategic Plan Through 2005 lays out the blueprint for those actions.

Nine Fact Sheets on HIV/AIDS Now Available in Spanish
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts.htm
Titles include: Condoms and Their Use in Preventing HIV Infection and Other STDs, HIV/AIDS Among U.S. Women: Minority and Young Women at Continuing Risk, Drug-Associated HIV Transmission Continues in the United States, HIV/AIDS & U.S. Women Who Have Sex With Women (WSW), HIV/AIDS Among Hispanics in the United States, Need for Sustained HIV Prevention Among Men who Have Sex with Men, Surveillance of Health Care Workers with HIV/AIDS, HIV and Its Transmission, and Young People at Risk - HIV/AIDS Among America's Youth.

Basic Statistics for HIV/AIDS
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats.htm
The data are from the CDC semiannual HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. Numbers are based on AIDS cases reported to CDC through June 2000. Data are provided on cumulative AIDS cases, exposure categories, international statistics, and ten states/territories and cities reporting the highest number of AIDS cases.

Preventing the Sexual Transmission of HIV, the Virus that Causes AIDS-What You Should Know about Oral Sex
ftp://ftp.cdcnpin.org/Updates/oralsex.pdf (Non-CDC site)
Like all sexual activity, oral sex carries some risk, particularly when one partner or the other is known to be infected with HIV, when either partner’s HIV status is not known, and/or when one or the other partner is not monogamous or injects drugs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that oral sex can result in the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Abstaining from oral, anal, and vaginal sex all together or having sex only with a mutually monogamous, uninfected partner are the only ways that individuals can be completely protected from the sexual transmission of HIV.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance Supplement Report - HIV/AIDS in Urban & Non-Urban Areas of the U.S.
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasrsupp62.htm
This report includes data on the distribution of AIDS among racial/ethnic and risk exposure groups by the size of the place of residence for the reported cases. Data are presented either by state or region of the United States to highlight additional geographic similarities and differences. Although the larger numbers of cases generally correspond to the large metropolitan areas, the significance of the smaller numbers in the medium-size metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas should be noted. In many states, persons with HIV or AIDS who reside in non-metropolitan areas are geographically dispersed throughout an entire state and the geographic distribution may pose unique challenges to the delivery of HIV-related services.

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This page last reviewed November 20, 2008
This page last updated August 7, 2008
URL: http://www.cdc.gov/women/pubs/std.htm

US Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Office of Women's Health