Immunizations
Guidelines and Recommendations

Below are selected prevention and treatment guidelines, recommendations, frameworks, approaches, and other documents related to immunizations. Also see related links on this page.

Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (4/17/07)
These recommendations represent the first statement by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices on the use of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on June 8, 2006. This report summarizes the epidemiology of HPV and associated diseases, describes the licensed HPV vaccine, and provides recommendations for its use for vaccination among females aged 9-26 years in the United States.

Continuing Education- Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (4/17/07)
This activity has been approved for 1.75 contact hours (continuing nursing education); a maximum of 1.75 hours in category 1 credit (continuing medical education credit for non-physicians); a maximum of 1.75 hours in category 1 credit (continuing medical education); and 0.15 continuing education units.

Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0-18 Years- United States, 2007 (2/1/07)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5551a7.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5551-Immunization.pdf
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices periodically reviews the recommended immunization schedule for persons aged 0-18 years to ensure that the schedule is current with changes in vaccine formulations and reflects revised recommendations for the use of licensed vaccines, including those newly licensed.

A Comprehensive Immunization Strategy to Eliminate Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in the United States (1/8/07)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5516a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5516.pdf
This report, the second of a two-part statement from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), provides updated recommendations to increase hepatitis B vaccination of adults at risk for HBV infection. In settings in which a high proportion of adults have risks for HBV infection, ACIP recommends universal hepatitis B vaccination for all unvaccinated adults. In other primary care and specialty medical settings in which adults at risk for HBV infection receive care, health-care providers should inform all patients about the health benefits of vaccination, including risks for HBV infection and persons for whom vaccination is recommended, and vaccinate adults who report risks for HBV infection and any adults requesting protection from HBV infection.

CDC's Advisory Committee Recommends "Shingles" Vaccination (11/29/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r061026.htm
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, a federal panel of immunization experts, has recommended people age 60 and older receive a new vaccine to prevent herpes zoster, or shingles, a condition that often leads to debilitating chronic pain.

HPV Vaccine: What You Need to Know (Interim Vaccine Information Statement) (10/31/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-hpv.pdf
This two-page fact sheet answers the following questions: what is HPV, why get vaccinated, who should get HPV vaccine and when, who should not get vaccinated (or should wait), what are the risks from HPV vaccine, what if there is a severe reaction, and where to go to learn more.

CDC’s Advisory Committee Recommends Human Papillomavirus Vaccination (7/11/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/hpv/default.htm
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to recommend that a newly licensed vaccine designed to protect against human papillomavirus (HPV) be routinely given to girls when they are 11-12 years old. The ACIP recommendation also allows for vaccination of girls beginning at nine years old as well as vaccination of girls and women 13-26 years old. HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer in women.

Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule- United States, 2006 (1/30/06)http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5451-Immunizationa1.htm?s_cid=mm5451-Immunizationa1_e
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5451-Immunization.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r060105a.htm
The 2006 Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule was released with the updated schedule including new recommendations that will help protect adolescents from meningitis and pertussis (also known as “whooping cough”) and all children from hepatitis A. The annual childhood and adolescent immunization schedule is a joint effort of the CDC, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians.

Influenza Vaccination in Pregnancy: Practices among Obstetrician-Gynecologists-United States, 2003-2004 Influenza Season (10/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5441a4.htm
PDF (p. 1050)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5441.pdf
To assess understanding of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations among obstetrician-gynecologists (OB/GYNs), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, with support from CDC, surveyed a national sample of OB/GYNs in May 2004. This report describes the results of that survey, which indicated that 52% of OB/GYNs surveyed would recommend influenza vaccination for a healthy woman in the first trimester of pregnancy, 95% would recommend the vaccine for a healthy pregnant woman beyond the first trimester, and 63% would recommend vaccination for a woman with a medical condition in the first trimester. However, of the physicians who would recommend vaccination, 36%-38% reported that influenza vaccination was not offered in their practices. Increased efforts are needed to improve vaccine availability and to educate OB/GYNs regarding the updated ACIP recommendations on the use of influenza vaccine in the first trimester for both healthy pregnant women and pregnant women at high risk.

Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule- United States, October 2005-September 2006 (10/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5440-Immunizationa1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5440-Immunization.pdf
In June 2005, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices approved the Adult Immunization Schedule for October 2005-September 2006. This schedule has also been approved by the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The 2005-2006 schedule changes from the previous schedule are provided.

Prevention and Control of Influenza (7/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5408a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5408.pdf
This report updates the 2004 recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents. The 2005 recommendations include new or updated information regarding 1) vaccination of persons with conditions leading to compromise of the respiratory system; 2) vaccination of health-care workers; 3) clarification of the role of live, attenuated influenza vaccine in vaccine shortage situations; 4) the 2005-06 trivalent vaccine virus strains; and 5) the assessment of vaccine supply, timing of influenza vaccination, and prioritization of inactivated vaccine in shortage situations.

Adult Immunization Schedule
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules/adult-schedule.htm
This is a summary of recommendations published by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices regarding adult immunization.

Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules/child-schedule.htm
This is a summary of recommendations published by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices regarding childhood and adolescent immunization.

Guidelines for Vaccinating Pregnant Women- Updated (1/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/preg-guide.htm
Benefits of vaccinating pregnant women usually outweigh potential risks when the likelihood of disease exposure is high, when infection would pose a risk to the mother or fetus, and when the vaccine is unlikely to cause harm.

Vaccine-Preventable Adult Diseases
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/adult-vpd.htm
Vaccines aren't just for kids. Far too many adults become ill, are disabled, and die each year from diseases that could easily have been prevented by vaccines. Thus everyone from young adults to senior citizens can benefit from immunizations. This site provides a list of diseases that can be prevented by immunization.

Revised Recommendation for Avoiding Pregnancy After Receiving a Rubella-Containing Vaccine (2001)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5049a5.htm
PDF (p. 1117)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5049.pdf
On October 18, 2001, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) reviewed data from several sources indicating that no cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) had been identified among infants born to women who were vaccinated inadvertently against rubella within 3 months or early in pregnancy. On the basis of these data, ACIP shortened its recommended period to avoid pregnancy after receipt of rubella-containing vaccine from 3 months to 28 days. Data were available from 680 live births to susceptible women who were inadvertently vaccinated 3 months before or during pregnancy with one of three rubella vaccines. None of the infants was born with CRS.

Related Links

Immunizations: Women’s Health Topics A-Z
http://www.cdc.gov/women/az/immun.htm

Guide to Community Preventive Services
http://www.cdc.gov/epo/communityguide.htm

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This page last reviewed April 17, 2007
This page last updated January 4, 2008
URL: http://www.cdc.gov/women/gderecom/immun.htm

US Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Office of Women's Health