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2004 Progress Report: Flow Control and Design of Environmentally Benign Spray Systems
EPA Grant Number: R829587Title: Flow Control and Design of Environmentally Benign Spray Systems
Investigators: Plesniak, Michael W. , Frankel, Steven H. , Sojka, Paul E.
Current Investigators: Plesniak, Michael W. , Frankel, Steven H. , Shu, Fangjun , Sojka, Paul E.
Institution: Purdue University - Main Campus
EPA Project Officer: Richards, April
Project Period: January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2004
Project Period Covered by this Report: January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2005
Project Amount: $350,000
RFA: Technology for a Sustainable Environment (2001)
Research Category: Pollution Prevention/Sustainable Development
Description:
Objective:The objective of this research project is to reduce air pollutant emissions by improving droplet transfer efficiency (i.e., reducing overspray and hence reducing particulate and solvent effluents in spray coating processes).
Progress Summary:The working hypothesis is that increasing the turbulence intensity near the target surface will enhance in the deposition of small paint droplets, which would normally be swept away by the flow parallel to the target, resulting in overspray. The method chosen to enhance turbulence is a passive method in which specially shaped nozzles (i.e., nozzles of indeterminate origin [IO]), are used to promote turbulence.
The mechanisms by which IO nozzles influence the jet’s turbulence structure and evolution were investigated. Quantitative Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed for a free jet and impinging jet, which models the basic stagnation flow configuration representative of a paint spray impinging upon the surface to be painted. The IO nozzles have maximum influence on jet structure in the near-nozzle region (within several nozzle diameters), but the effects decay with downstream distance. The IO nozzle influences the jet structure by introducing streamwise vortex pairs that interact with the turbulent structures present in the jet. As the jet propagates downstream, the streamwise vortices weaken and their effect diminishes, so it remains to be determined whether such passive control of the turbulence at the nozzle will persist to yield beneficial effects on drop transfer efficiency at the target. The following specific accomplishments were achieved: (1) PIV measurements of velocity field and data analysis; (2) baseline plain nozzle and optimum IO nozzle (truncated conical 4-point crown nozzle or TC4P nozzle) free jet; (3) baseline plain nozzle and optimum IO nozzle impinging jet; and (4) understanding the flow physics and development of IO nozzle jet.
Future Activities:In the next year, we will: (1) measure and compute two-phase water-particle jets; (2) perform large eddy simulations of two-phase flows; and (3) evaluate IO nozzles in actual sprays.
Journal Articles on this Report : 2 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other project views: | All 15 publications | 3 publications in selected types | All 3 journal articles |
| Type | Citation | ||
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Shu F, Plesniak MW, Sojka PE. Frontispiece: Visualization of streamwise vortex pairs in an indeterminate origin (IO) nozzle jet. Journal of Visualization 2005;8(3):195. |
R829587 (2004) R829587 (Final) |
not available |
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Shu F, Plesniak MW, Sojka PE. Indeterminate-origin nozzles to control jet structure and evolution. Journal of Turbulence 2005;6(26):1-18 |
R829587 (2004) R829587 (Final) |
not available |
engineering, particulates, toxics, VOC, pollution prevention, innovative technology, environmentally conscious manufacturing, surface coating, air pollutant emissions, droplet transfer efficiency, spray coating processes, indeterminate origin, IO, nozzles,
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Toxics, Air, Sustainable Industry/Business, Scientific Discipline, RFA, Technology for Sustainable Environment, Sustainable Environment, Chemical Engineering, Civil/Environmental Engineering, air toxics, Environmental Engineering, cleaner production/pollution prevention, Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Materials Science, New/Innovative technologies, VOCs, 33/50, Engineering, clean technology, environmentally benign spray systems, ligament-controlled effervescent atomization technology, chromium & chromium compounds, cleaner production, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), waste reduction, coating processes, sustainable development, spray processes, Chromium, waste minimization, environmentally conscious manufacturing, lead & lead compounds, particulates, sustainability, coatings, environmentally friendly technology, phase doppler particle analyzer, flow control, overspray reduction, innovative technology, chemical use efficiency, surface coating, emission controls, green technology, innovative technologies, pollution prevention
Relevant Websites:
http://widget.ecn.purdue.edu/~tfpl 
Progress and Final Reports:
2002 Progress Report
2003 Progress Report
Original Abstract
Final Report