Phase I Report
Recommendations for the Framework and Format of Healthy People 2020

Footnotes

ⁱHealthy People 2010 was also available as a CD-Rom.

ⁱⁱThe initiative was launched in 1979 with the publication of national goals in Healthy People: the Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. After a year-long process involving a broad set of participants, a companion document was published in 1980, establishing quantifiable objectives to attain these goals.

ⁱⁱⁱHealthy People was begun by the Cabinet-level Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) in 1979. The Department of Education Organization Act was signed into law that year, creating a separate Department of Education. HEW became the Department of Health and Human Services on May 4, 1980.

^ivFor the 1990 health objectives and Healthy People2000, the categories were called "priority areas." The term led some to mistakenly conclude that topics had been ranked in order of importance. Healthy People 2010 used the term "focus areas" to avoid this confusion.

^vIn the midcourse review for Healthy People 2010, objectives were considered to have "tracking data" if both baseline measures and measures more recent than the baseline were available.

^viPrimary prevention decreases the number of new cases of a disorder or illness, secondary prevention lowers the rate of established cases of the disorder or illness in the population, and tertiary prevention reduces the amount of disability associated with an existing disorder or illness.

^viiUniversal prevention: preventive interventions that are desirable for the entire population; selective prevention: preventive interventions that are only desirable when an individual is at above average risk, and indicated prevention: preventive interventions that are appropriate when an individual is at high risk.

^viiiThe 10 Essential Public Health Services are: 1) Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems.; 2) Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community 3) Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues; 4) Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems; 5) Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts; 6) Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety; 7) Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.; 8) Assure competent public and personal health care workforce; 9) Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services; 10) Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.

^ixThe 1990 goals were to reduce infant mortality by 35%; reduce childhood mortality by 20%; reduce adolescent and young adult mortality by 20%; reduce adult mortality by 25%; and reduce disability in older adults by 20%.

^xCDC/HRSA did this with the 21 Critical Adolescent & Young Adult Health Objectives in Healthy People 2010. See: http://nahic.ucsf.edu/downloads/niiah/21CritHlthObj0306.pdf [PDF File - 90 KB]

^xiNote: Audiences can be at the national, regional, state, or local level. Healthy People 2020 seeks to enable utilization across levels.

^xiiUnless renewed, the Advisory Committee's charter is valid from September 4, 2007, when it was filed, until September 4, 2009.

^xiiiWorkgroup chairpersons were selected to provide a mix of backgrounds that would provide technical expertise, consumer and professional backgrounds, and practical experience with program planning.

^xivThe "categories" to which this discussion refers are the "priority areas" of the 1990 Health Objectives and Healthy People 2000 and the "focus areas" of Healthy People 2010.

^xvU.S.-born Hispanics, however, do have unfavorable birth outcomes. This is an example of a health disparity.

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Last revised: December 11, 2008