NIAID Glossary of Funding and Policy Terms and Acronyms: C-D

For contracts, a statement of an organization's experience, staff, partners, and performance history that may include information on customer needs and how an offeror can satisfy them.

For more information, go to NIAID's Contracts portal.

Grant that supports Ph.D.s and clinicians who wish to develop a career in biomedical research; activity codes are in the K series.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Career Development Grants SOP
• Career Development Grants questions and answers
• Career Development Awards in the Advice on Research Training and Career Awards tutorial
• Training and Career Awards portal

Ability of grantees to use grant funds from one budget period in the next one without prior approval from NIAID. This applies to some grants covered by 45 CFR Part 74, known as expanded authorities.

For more information, go definition in 45 CFR Part 74 and these NIAID resources:

• Carryover Requests SOP
• Expanded Authorities or Federal Demonstration Partnership SOP
• Managing Your Grant in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Grant Award and Management portal

Database of federal assistance programs with program descriptions and contacts. Each has a program number. For more information, go to CFDA.

Type of budget used for grant applications that do not use a modular budget, requiring an itemized listing of direct costs.

For more information, go to NIAID's Strategy for Planning a Budget in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

See Central Contractor Registration database.

NIH organization that conducts initial peer review of investigator-initiated grant applications for all activity codes (grant types) except those reviewed within institutes.

It also receives all NIH grant applications and assigns them to institutes for administration after award and possibly for peer review. See Scientific Review Program for the application types NIAID reviews.

For more information, go to these resources:

• CSR
• NIAID's Peer Review of Applications -- CSR questions and answers
• NIAID's Peer Review portal

HHS agency heading disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and education efforts. For select agent-related information, see select agent.

For more information, go to CDC.

HHS agency heading federal health care programs: Medicare, Medicaid, and Children’s Health Insurance Program. For more information, go to CMS.

Primary database for organizations and persons who do business with the federal government. CCR registration is necessary to submit grant applications to Grants.gov.

NIH no longer uses CCR for reimbursing peer reviewers, see Secure Payee Reimbursement System.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Central Contractor Registration
• Grants.gov
• NIAID's Reimbursement for Peer Reviewers SOP

For human subjects, see institutional review board certification. For research animals, see institutional animal care and use committee certification.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal
• Animals in Research portal

Action taken by a grantee that significantly changes aims, objectives, or purposes of an approved project. See scope and prior approval for grants.

For more information, go to NIAID's What Constitutes a Change in Scope? in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Written order a contracting officer signs directing a contractor to change a contract. For more information, go to FAR 43.101 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

Advisory committee composed mostly of nonfederal experts. Under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, standing committees must be chartered, i.e., approved by the parent agency and the Government Services Agency, to ensure balanced representation for geographical area, women, and diversity and to satisfy other legal requirements.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Government Services Agency
• NIAID's Advisory Council portal

Checklist Form Page

Form in the PHS 398 grant application for paper applications. For electronic applications, see PHS 398 Checklist form.

For more information, go to these NIH resources:

• PHS 398 Grant Application
• PHS 398 Checklist form

Checklist, PHS 398

See PHS 398 Checklist (for electronic applications).

Person under legal age for consenting to research treatments or procedures under the law where the research is conducted. See assent.

NIH policy requires that children be included in clinical research barring a compelling rationale not to do so. See Targeted/Planned Enrollment Table and Inclusion Enrollment Report Table.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Definitions in 45 CFR 46.402, 21 CFR 50.3 (o), 45 CFR 46.116 General Requirements for Informed Consent, Full 45 CFR 46
• NIH's SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide and PHS 398 Grant Application
• NIAID's Children in Research Policy SOP

Act by an offeror to clarify aspects of a proposal or resolve minor errors. Either an offeror or the government may initiate a clarification. See Discussion.

For more information, go to these resources:

• FAR 15.306
• NIAID's Contracts portal

FDA classification of medical devices by potential risks.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Section 513 [21 U.S.C. 360c] Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
• Definitions in 21 CFR 812.2 and full 21 CFR 812

Action FDA uses when it deems a clinical trial cannot be conducted without risk to patients. FDA contacts the sponsor within the 30-day initial review period to stop the clinical trial.

FDA may stop an ongoing study based on reviewing newly submitted clinical protocols or safety reports.

Research that involves an investigational drug or investigational medical device and human subjects.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Definitions in 21 CFR 50.3, 21 CFR 312.3, Full 21 CFR 312, full 21 CFR 812
• NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal

clinical research

1. Patient-oriented research.
2. Epidemiologic and behavioral studies.
3. Outcomes and health services research.

For more information, go to the NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal.

Legal requirements NIAID imposes on a clinical research grant. See terms of grant award.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• NIAID Clinical Terms of Award
• Clinical Terms of Award SOP
• NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal

• Phase I tests a new intervention in 20 to 80 people for an initial evaluation of safety, e.g., to determine a safe dosage range and identify side effects.
• Phase II studies an intervention in a larger group of people, usually several hundred, to determine efficacy and further evaluate safety.
• Phase III studies the efficacy of an intervention in large groups of several hundred to several thousand subjects by comparing it to other standard or experimental interventions, while monitoring adverse events and collecting information that will allow safe use.
• NIH-defined phase III clinical trial is a broad-based, prospective study, including community and other population-based trials, usually involving several hundred or more people, to compare an experimental intervention with a standard or control or compare existing treatments. It often aims to provide evidence for changing policy or standard of care. It includes pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and behavioral interventions for disease prevention, prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy.
• Phase IV is a study done after an intervention has been marketed to monitor its effectiveness in the general population and collect information about adverse effects associated with widespread use.

For more information, go to the NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal.

Agreement governing the safety and efficacy of outside collaborators' proprietary biologics or pharmaceutical compounds in clinical studies.

For more information, go to NIAID's Office of Technology Development.

1. Clinical site monitoring. Monitoring of a clinical trial by people outside the research site. This independent group performs several functions:
• Ensures the rights, safety and well being of human subjects enrolled in clinical research studies.
• Verifies the integrity of the data collected.
• Ensures site compliance with the protocol approved by the institutional review board, other documents, regulatory requirements, International Conference on Harmonisation and Good Clinical Practice guidelines, adequacy of staff and facilities, and other items.
2. Data and safety monitoring. Monitoring can take a variety of forms, including an independent data and safety monitoring board.Monitoring of a clinical trial by a person or group of people independent from the study does the following:
   • Determines if a study should be changed or halted by periodically reviewing the interim results of the research with an emphasis on safety and efficacy.
   • Ensures appropriateness of the research and protection of human subjects.

For more information, go to these resources:

• FDA's International Conference on Harmonisation and Good Clinical Practice guidelines
• NIAID's Clinical Trial Monitoring SOP
• NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal

Compilation of all regulations issued by the agencies of the federal government and presidential executive orders, which are published in the Federal Register.

The CFR is divided into 50 volumes known as titles. Each title is divided into chapters, subchapters, parts, subparts (in some parts), sections, and paragraphs. Titles are revised at least once a year and issued quarterly.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Code of Federal Regulations (CFR): Main Page
• Federal Register
• NIAID's Laws and Regulations That Affect NIH's Programs

Identifiable private information, such as a person's name or social security number, that is replaced with a code, e.g., number, letter, or symbol.

Investigators are considered to be conducting human subjects research only if they can identify subjects by linking the information to them directly or through a coding system. See investigators for human subjects research.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal
• Are You Conducting Human Subjects Research? in How to Write a Human Subjects Grant Application

License agreement that grants a nonexclusive right to make and use, but not sell, a technology to evaluate its commercial potential for a limited number of months.

For more information, go to NIAID's Office of Technology Development.

Funds used for noncompeting awards, typically 70 to 80 percent of the dollars NIAID spends annually for research project grants.

For more information, go to NIAID's Financial Management Plan on the Paylines and Funding portal.

Overlap of support that occurs when any project-supported personnel have time commitments exceeding 100 percent.

For more information, go to NIAID's Prepare Your Other Support Submission in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Subpart A of the Code of Federal Regulations covering protection of human subjects. See 45 CFR Part 46.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Definition in Subpart A of 45 CFR 46 -- Protection of Human Subjects
• NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal

1. Salary, fringe benefits, and tuition remission paid to a fellow or trainee for teaching or lab work. Compensated services must be limited, part-time, and paid from a research grant that does not support NRSA training grants.

2. Salary, fringe benefits, and tuition remission for graduate students supported by NIH research grants and cooperative agreements. See stipend.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Paylines and Funding portal for annual salary caps and stipend levels
• Salaries and Stipends questions and answers

Procurement strategy soliciting more than one contractor to submit an offer. An agency's contracting and program officers select an offeror following peer review using technical evaluation criteria.

For more information, go to NIAID's Contracts portal and Contracts SOPs.

• Is initiated by a request for proposals.
• Accepts submission of timely proposals by the maximum number of offerors.
• Usually provides discussions with offerors in the competitive range.
• Awards a contract to the offeror whose proposal is most advantageous to the government.

For more information, go to NIAID's Contracts portal and Contracts SOPs.

Range of qualified offers for a competitive procurement. A contracting officer determines a competitive range based on the ratings of each proposal against all technical evaluation criteria. The competitive range comprises all the most highly rated proposals.

For more information, go to NIAID's Competitive Range for Contracts SOP and Contracts portal.

Oral or written communication between the government and an offeror, other than a minor clarification, which enables a contracting officer to determine whether a contract proposal is acceptable or allows an offeror to revise it.

For more information, go to these resources:

• FAR 15.6
• NIAID's Competitive Range for Contracts SOP
• NIAID's Contracts portal

NIH database with descriptions of funded grants and contracts, including financial data, project abstracts, and indexing terms.

For more information, go to these resources:

• NIH's CRISP
• NIAID's IMPAC and CRISP SOP

Earliest planning stage of an initiative -- request for applications, request for proposals, or institute-specific program announcement. NIAID program officers develop concepts and present them to NIAID's advisory Council for concept clearance.

Only some concepts approved by Council are published as initiatives; depending on their priority and the availability of funds.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Application Approach: What Are Your Choices? in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Concept Development SOP
• Concepts: Potential Opportunities
• Advisory Council portal
• High-Priority Topics: Concepts and Initiatives questions and answers

Generally performed by NIAID's main advisory Council, a mandatory review of each initiative -- request for applications, request for proposals, request for contracts, or program announcement.

After hearing presentations from NIAID program officers, Council recommends approval, modification, or deferral of an initiative and advises on the science.

For more information, go to NIAID's Advisory Council portal and Concept Development SOP.

Ad hoc panel, composed of House and Senate conferees, that reconciles differences in legislation passed by both chambers. See conference report.

For more information, go to NIAID's Funding Opportunity Planning and the Budget Cycle.

NIAID financial support for scientific meetings, conferences, and workshops in areas related to its mission. Activity code is R13.

For more information, go to NIAID's Conference Awards SOP.

Compromise legislation negotiated by a conference committee, which disseminates a conference report to each chamber for its approval or disapproval.

For more information, go to NIAID's Funding Opportunity Planning and the Budget Cycle.

Agreement ensuring government employees do not publicly disclose a company's proprietary information and that a company does not publicly disclose the government's scientific findings before publication or before the government secures patent rights.

For more information, go to NIAID's Office of Technology Development.

Not divulging information disclosed in a relationship of trust without permission, including fulfilling the expectation that it will remain private. See personally identifiable information.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Human Subjects portal
• NIAID's Conflict of Interest in Peer Review SOP
• Privacy, Conduct, Conflict of Interest, and Clinical Research Ethics questions and answers

Financial, career, or other such interest, including interests of family members, that could be advanced by participation on an NIH advisory Council, institutional review board, study section, or other advisory body. See financial conflict of interest.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Definitions in 45 CFR 73 and 42 CFR 50
• NIAID's Conflict of Interest in Peer Review SOP
• NIAID's Privacy, Conduct, Conflict of Interest, and Clinical Research Ethics questions and answers

Legislative Branch office that provides Congress with objective analyses, information, and estimates of the budget and economy that assist the congressional budget process.

CBO presents options and alternatives for Congress to consider but does not make recommendations on policy.

For more information, go to CBO.

Largely verbatim account of proceedings of the Senate printed each day the Senate is in session. At the back of each issue is the "Daily Digest," which summarizes floor and committee activities.

For more information, go to the Congressional Record.

See subaward.

During contract performance, a contracting officer or other authorized government official's oral or written act, which has the same effect as a written change order.

For more information, go to NIAID's Contracts portal.

Expert brought into a research project to provide advice, whose participation may be part of a grant's budget.

For more information, go to Using Consultants and Collaborators in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Principal investigator who serves as liaison with NIH and sends information to the other PIs of a multiple PI award.

For more information, go to these resources:

• NIH's Multiple Principle Investigators
• NIAID 's Take Heed -- You Might Want to Avoid a Multiple PI Application in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

Legislation in the form of a joint resolution enacted by Congress when a new fiscal year is about to begin or has begun, providing budget authority for federal agencies and programs to continue operating until regular appropriations are enacted. Also called continuing appropriations.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• NIAID Funding Opportunity Planning and the Budget Cycle
• Paylines and Funding portal

Policy that allows members of an NIH chartered study section, advisory council, board of scientific counselors, or the Peer Review Advisory Committee to submit R01, R21, and R34 applications any time, regardless of standard receipt dates.

NIH created the policy to reward service on these committees.

For more information, go to NIAID's Late Applications SOP .

Award made when a contracting officer signs a contract or notifies a contractor of an award.

For more information, go to Type of Contract SOP and NIAID's Contracts portal.

Final actions taken after a contract is completed to certify that all services and deliverables are satisfactory.

For more information, go to Closeout SOPs and NIAID's Contracts portal..

See Office of Acquisitions.

Requirements in addition to performance requirements, including those defined in a statement of work, specifications, standards and related documents, management systems, and contract terms and conditions of award.

For more information, go to NIAID's Contracts portal.

Independent contractor to a sponsor who assumes some of the sponsor's obligations for a clinical trial, e.g., protocol design.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Definitions in 21 CFR 312.3 and full 21 CFR 312
• NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal

Contracting staff who assists a contracting officer in negotiating and administering contracts.

For more information, go to NIAID's Roles SOPs and Contracts portal.

• Type 1 -- New contract.
• Type 2 -- Renewal.
• Type 3 -- Modification.
• Type 4 -- Letter contract.
• Type 5 -- Continuation of an incrementally funded contract, typically in one-year increments.
• Type 6 -- Task order and subsequent modifications relating to existing ordering agreements.
• Type 7 -- Exercise of option.

For more information, go to NIAID's Contracts portal.

Written agreement between a grantee and a third party to acquire routine goods and services. See subaward.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal:

• Using Consultants and Collaborators
• Where to Add Consortium and Contractual Agreements

Award establishing a binding legal procurement relationship between NIAID and a recipient, obligating the latter to furnish a product or service defined in detail by NIAID and binding the Institute to pay for it.

For more information, go to NIAID's Contracts portal.

Office in an agency authorized to award contracts.

For more information, go to NIAID's Contracts portal.

Government employee with the authority to enter into, administer, and terminate contracts, including a representative of a contracting officer acting within the limits of his or her authority.

For more information, go to NIAID's Contracting Officer SOP and Contracts portal.

Government-titled property acquired or otherwise provided by a contractor for performing a contract.

For more information, go to these resources: FAR 45.101 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

See other significant contributor.

FDA term for a drug, device, biological, human food additive, color additive, electronic product, or other items regulated by FDA used as a basis for comparison with a test article.

For more information, go to the definitions in 21 CFR 58.3 and full 21 CFR 58.

Grant in the U series that features substantial scientific involvement by NIAID staff.

For descriptions of activity codes, go to NIAID's Cooperative Agreements (U) SOP and Other Grant Types portal.

Mechanism for collaboration between government and outside scientists that legally defines intellectual property rights and financial and other responsibilities. See technology transfer.

For more information, go to these resources:

• 15 USC 63 Sec. 3710
• NIAID's Office of Technology Development

Incorrect usage; NIH does not use this term.

For an application or grant with one principal investigator, other participants who contribute substantively to a project are called key personnel.

For a multiple PI application or grant, each is a full-fledged principal investigator who has responsibilities appropriate to that role. When submitting a multiple PI application, applicants must follow the special instructions for that application type.

Resource that provides services or facilities to at least two research projects in a multiproject grant.

For more information, go to NIAID's Instructions for Preparing a Multiproject Research Application.

Grant application an applicant fixes after it fails either Grants.gov or eRA Commons validation. Differs from resubmission.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Corrected or Late Electronic Applications questions and answers
• If You Want to Correct After Passing Commons Validation in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

For electronic grant applications, two-day period an applicant can use to fix errors and warnings resulting from eRA Commons validation after the submission deadline has passed.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Corrected or Late Electronic Applications questions and answers
• If You Want to Correct After Passing Commons Validation in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

Analysis performed by a contracting officer to determine whether an offeror's proposed costs are fair and reasonable.

For more information, go to FAR 15.404 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

See NIH cost management plan.

Cost-reimbursement contract that provides for a negotiated fee fixed at the inception of a contract. The fee does not vary with actual cost but may be adjusted as a result of changes in the work.

This contract type is appropriate for efforts that might otherwise present too great a risk to contractors, but gives them minimum incentive to control costs.

For more information, go to FAR 16.301-1 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

Cost-reimbursement contract that provides for an initially negotiated fee to be adjusted later by a formula based on the relationship of total allowable costs to total target costs. This increase or decrease gives a contractor an incentive to manage a contract efficiently.

For more information, go to FAR 16.301-1 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

Type of contract that provides for payment of allowable incurred costs. These contracts estimate total costs and establish a ceiling a contractor may not exceed except at its own risk without approval of a contracting officer.

For more information, go to FAR 16.301-1 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

Cost-reimbursement contract in which a contractor receives no fee and is reimbursed only for an agreed-upon portion of allowable costs.

For more information, go to FAR 16.303 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

Chartered NIH institute advisory committee that performs second-level review; makes recommendations on funding, policy, and program direction; helps develop concepts; and provides concept clearance for research initiatives. See National Advisory Allergy and Infectious Diseases Council.

For more information, go to NIAID's: Advisory Council portal.

cover letter

Letter attached to a grant application or contract proposal that may request an integrated review group or institute or provide other information. A cover letter is required for late and corrected applications. Use the PHS 398 Cover Letter File.

For more information, go to NIAID's Do You Need a Cover Letter? and Rules for Late Applications in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Cover Letter File, PHS 398

Cover Page Supplement, PHS 398

Score that is given by assigned reviewers (e.g., a primary peer reviewer) for each review criterion before an initial peer review meeting and that appears on the summary statement. See critique and overall impact/priority score.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Initial Peer Review Assesses Scientific Merit in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Peer Review portal

Written evaluation that primary, secondary, and tertiary reviewers prepare before an initial peer review meeting and present to a scientific review group at the meeting.

It recommends an overall impact/priority score (unless not recommended for further consideration) and addresses the requested budget, initial peer review criteria, progress made (for a renewal), and responses to the critique from a previous review (for an amended application).

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Initial Peer Review Assesses Scientific Merit in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Peer Review portal

current dollars

current and pending support

Independent committee that reviews a clinical trial's progress and safety and advises NIAID whether to continue, modify, or terminate it. DSMBs are one of several clinical trial monitoring options.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Data and Safety Monitoring Boards SOP
• NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal

Means for keeping sensitive information safe from corruption, theft, or unauthorized access. Applies to written, typed, and electronic data.

For more information, go to NIAID's Data Security SOP.

Policy requiring researchers requesting $500,000 or more in direct costs in any year to share final research data. Applicants must include a data sharing plan in their grant application or explain why data sharing is not possible.

NIH's genome-wide association study requirement is part of its data sharing policy.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Data Sharing for Grants: Final Research Data SOP
• Data Sharing for Grants: Genome-Wide Association Studies SOP
• Sharing Data questions and answers

See DUNS number.

Contracting phase performed either orally or in writing to provide offerors the rationale for a source selection decision; does not include point-by-point comparisons of offerors' contract proposals.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Debriefing Unsuccessful Offerors SOP
• Contracts portal

1. Postponed initial peer review of a grant application by a scientific review group, often to the next review cycle, because information is missing. NIAID's advisory Council may also recommend deferral of an application.

2. Postponed funding decision by NIAID for applications that rank beyond the payline until the end of a fiscal year, including some selective pay applications. NIAID funds selective pay applications first and then others in percentile or overall impact/priority score order until using up the money for that fiscal year. See gray zone.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• If Your Application Is Unscored in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• NIAID Funding Decisions questions and answers
• R01 Application to Award Timeline by Review Cycle

Describes research that can be awarded without institutional review board review because it lacks immediate plans for involving human subjects, though they may be involved later.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Human Subjects Certifications: IRB or IEC SOP
• NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal

Report or product a contractor must deliver to the government to satisfy contractual requirements.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Contract Deliverables and Reporting Requirements SOP
• Contracts portal

Federal government department to which NIH belongs whose mission is to protect the health of Americans and provide essential human services.

For information, go to HHS.

Part of PHS 398 Grant Application, Form Page 2; also known as abstract. A succinct description of major aspects of a grant application, it is public information. For electronic applications, see Project Summary/Abstract and Project Narrative.

For more information, go to these resources:

• NIH's PHS 398 Grant Application and Form Page 2
• NIAID's Project Summary/Abstract and Project Narrative in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

Detailed Budget for Initial Budget Period

Form page 4 in the PHS 398 Grant Application for paper applications used when requesting more than $250,000 or applying from a foreign institution. Also see Entire Proposed Project Period Budget. For smaller budgets, see modular budget.

For electronic applications, see Research and Related Budget component form.

For more information, go to these resources:

• NIH's PHS 398 Grant Application and Form page 4
• NIAID's Strategy for Planning a Budget in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

Contracting analysis by a contracting officer to determine whether an offeror's proposed costs are fair and reasonable.

For more information, go to FAR 15.404 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

Exception to an NIH grant regulation, policy, or procedure that NIAID approves when highly beneficial to either NIH or a project's scientific goals or cost management. See waiver.

For more information, go to NIAID's Deviations and Waivers to Grant Policies SOP.

Policy that simplifies formal agreements between two or more NIH institutes or centers or between NIH and an outside agency that uses the NIH Central Accounting System. See Common Accounting Number.

For more information, go to the NIH Central Accounting System.

Costs in a grant or contract that support a project or program. Allowable direct costs include:

• Salaries and fringe benefits of principal investigators and supporting staff.
• Equipment and supplies.
• Travel expenses.
• Fees and supporting costs for consultant services.
• Contract services (also called sub-award).
• Costs for consortium participants.
• Inpatient and outpatient costs for human subjects.
• Alterations and renovations to facilities. (Foreign grants need preapproval.)
• Publications and other miscellaneous expenses.

Compare with facilities and administrative costs.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Strategy for Planning a Budget in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Grant Award and Management portal

NIAID committee that recommends funding for training, fellowship, career development, conference grant, and small business awards, based on initial peer review results and the recommendation of NIAID's advisory Council.

DAG also serves as an NIAID advisory board on research training issues.

Having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.

One of the requirements for being part of an underrepresented group. Includes the following:

• Annual family income below established low-income thresholds, based on family size.
• A rural, inner-city, or other environment that has inhibited a person from getting the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for a research career.

Different from socially and economically disadvantaged.

For more information, go to HHS's Poverty Guidelines, Research, and Measurement.

Selection by an NIH institute for funding of one or two research projects from a multiproject (P series or U19) grant application, although the parent grant did not fare well enough in initial peer review to warrant an award.

For more information, go to NIAID's Disaggregation SOP.

Any oral or written communication between the government and a contract offeror, other than a minor clarification, which enables a contracting officer to determine whether a proposal is acceptable or allows an offeror to revise it.

For more information, go to FAR 15.6 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

NIAID division for extramural programs supporting research of allergy, immunology, and transplantation.

For more information, go to NIAID's DAIT and DAIT Contacts.

NIAID division that provides and supports services for research infrastructure, including program planning and management, regulatory monitoring and compliance, consulting in statistics and research methodology, and building research capacity for NIAID's domestic and international clinical research programs.

It also performs clinical research oversight and management for the Division of Intramural Research.

For more information, go to NIAID's Division of Clinical Research and Division of Clinical Research Contacts.

NIAID division for extramural administration and policy that does the following:

• Oversees initial peer review for some application types and all R&D contracts.
• Administers grants and contracts.
• Oversees the NIAID advisory Council.
• Manages the Research Funding site and NIAID Funding News newsletter.
• Advises the NIAID director on extramural policy.

See Scientific Review Program, Grants Management Program, and Office of Acquisitions.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Research Funding
• DEA Contacts
• Peer Review portal
• NIAID Funding News newsletter

NIAID division for intramural programs conducting a wide range of in-house research related to the mission of NIAID.

For more information, go to NIAID's Division of Intramural Research and Division of Intramural Research Contacts.

NIAID division for extramural programs supporting research of microbiology and infectious diseases other than AIDS.

For more information, go to NIAID's Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and DMID Contacts.

Assignment of a grant application to two NIH institutes. The primary institute administers the application and awards and administers the funded grant. The secondary institute assumes this responsibility only if the primary institute is unable or unwilling to support it.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Dual Assignments SOP
• Request for Primary IC Assignment SOP

Peer review process used by NIH. The first level, initial peer review, provides a judgment of scientific merit.

Generally conducted by an institute's advisory council, second-level review makes funding recommendations in the context of program priorities and balance. See scientific review group, integrated review group, and NIAID Council.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Initial Peer Review Assesses Scientific Merit and Second-Level Review in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Peer Review portal
• Advisory Council portal

Biological research conducted for legitimate purposes that could be misused to pose a threat to public health or national security.

For more information, go to National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity and NIAID's Biodefense and Biosecurity portal.

Identifier government vendors need to register in the Central Contractor Registration database so they can apply for a federal grant.

For more information, go to D&B DUNS Number and CCR.