Working Papers and Staff Research

To promote the active exchange of ideas.

The authors are with the U.S. International Trade Commission. Working papers and staff research papers are the result of the ongoing professional research of USITC Staff and are solely meant to represent the opinions and professional research of individual authors. These papers are not meant to represent in any way the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its individual Commissioners. Working papers and staff research papers are circulated to promote the active exchange of ideas between USITC Staff and recognized experts outside the USITC, and to promote professional development of USITC Staff by encouraging outside professional critique of ongoing research.

Below are all recent Working and Research Staff Papers, available for the public:

• 2009
• 2008
• 2007
• 2006
• 2005
• 2004
• 2003
• 2002
• 2001
• 1999
• 1998
• 1997
• 1995

View index [PDF] of published economic working papers.

• February 2009, "Estimating the Price Effects of Non-Tariff Barriers"
  (Publication EC 200606A(r))
  Judith M. Dean, Robert Feinberg, Jose E. Signoret, Michael Ferrantino, and Rodney Ludema,
  Office of Economics

• October 2008, "Patenting Trends and Innovation in Industrial Biotechnology"
  (Publication 4039)
  Katherine Linton, Philip Stone, and Jeremy Wise



• September 2008, "Wood Packaging SPS Regulations: Effects on U.S. Imports and Containerized Trade,"
  (Publication ID-20)
  Cathy Jabara, David Ingersoll, and Mary Burfisher



• September 2008, "Export Diversification and the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act,"
  (Publication EC2008-09-E)
  Justino De La Cruz



• September 2008, "How Vertically Specialized is Chinese Trade?,"
  (Publication EC2008-09-D)
  This working paper supersedes working paper
  EC-2007-01-A below.
  Judith Dean, K.C. Fung, and Zhi Wang



• September 2008, "Quality Competition, Pricing-To-Market and Non-Tariff Measures: A Unified Framework for the Analysis of Bilateral Unit Values,"
  (Publication EC2008-09-C)
  Michael Ferrantino, Robert Feinberg, and Lauren Deason



• September 2008, "Avoidance Behaviors of Exporters and Importers: Evidence From the U.S.-China Trade Data Discrepancy,"
  (Publication EC2008-09-B)
  Michael J. Ferrantino, Xuepeng Liu, and Zhi Wang



• September 2008, "The Impact of Export Restraints on Rising Grain Prices,"
  (Publication EC2008-09-A)
  Kendall Dollive



• August 2008, "Technical Barriers to Trade: Reducing the Impact of Conformity Assessment Measures"
  Christopher Johnson

• May 2008, "Modeling the Impact of the U.S. Tobacco Quota Buyout"
  George S. Serletis and James J. Fetzer

• April 2008, "How Much of Chinese Exports Is Really Made in China? Assessing Foreign and Domestic Value-Added in Gross Exports"
  Zhi Wang, Robert Koopman, and Shang-jin Wei

• March 2008, "Chinese Foreign Trade Performance and the China-US Trade: 1995-2004 -- A Graphical Analysis Based on China Customs Statistics"
  Shunli Yao

• February 2008, "China's Growing Market for Large Civil Aircraft"
  Peder Andersen, Office of Industries

• January 2008, "International Cooperation on Trade and Labor Issues"
  Jennifer Baumert, Kyle Johnson, Dawn Heuschel, and Brendan Lynch, Office of Industries

• December 2007, "COMPAS-Commercial Policy Analysis System"
  (Publication EC2007-12-A)
  Joseph Francois and Keith Hall, Office of Economics



• July 2007, "Competitive Conditions for Foreign Direct Investment in India"
  (Publication 3931)
  Laura Bloodgood, Office of Industries



• June 2007, "Endogenous Liberalization and Sectoral Trade"
  (Publication EC2007-06-B)
  William M. Powers, Office of Economics



• June 2007, "Textile and Apparel Barriers and Rules of Origin in a Post-ATC World"
  (Publication EC2007-06-A)
  Alan K. Fox, William M. Powers, Office of Economics
  and Ashley Winston, Centre of Policy Studies, Monash University



• May 2007, "The Emergence of India's Pharmaceutical Industry and Implications for the U.S. Generic Drug Market"
  (Publication EC2007-05-A)
  William Greene, Office of Economics



• April 2007, "Accounting for Discrepancies in Bilateral Trade: The Case of China , Hong Kong , and the United States "
  (Publication EC 200704A)
  Michael J. Ferrantino and Zhi Wang,
  Office of Economics



• January 2007, "Measuring the Vertical Specialization in Chinese Trade"
  (Publication EC2007-01-A)
  This working paper has been superseded by working paper EC-2008-09-D above.
  Judith M. Dean, K.C. Fung, and Zhi Wang,
  Office of Economics

• November 2006, "Is Trade Preference Erosion Bad for Development?"
  (Publication EC 200611A)
  Judith M. Dean, Office of Economics
  
  
• September 2006, "Exports and New Varieties: An Analysis of U.S. Mexico Agricultural Trade"
  (Publication ID-16)
  Cathy L. Jabara and Brendan Lynch,
  Office of Industries
  
  
• September 2006, "U.S. - China Competition in the Indian Market"
  (Publication EC 200609A)
  William Greene, Office of Economics
  
  
• July 2006, "The Dynamic Structure of U.S.-China Trade, 1995-2004"
  (Publication EC 200607A)
  Alexander B. Hammer, Office of Economics
  
  
• July 2006, Trends in U.S. Inbound and Outbound Direct Investment
  (Publication 3870)
  Laura Bloodgood, Office of Industries
  
  
• June 2006, "Estimating the Price Effects of Non-Tariff Measures"
  (Publication EC 200606A)
  Judith M. Dean, Jose E. Signoret, Michael Ferrantino, Robert Feinberg, and Rodney Ludema
  Office of Economics
  
  
• June 2006, "The Effects of Increasing Chinese Demand on Global Commodity Markets."
  (Publication 3864)
  Laura Bloodgood, Office of Industries
  
  
• April 2006,"Policy Anchors: Do Free Trade Agreements And WTO Accessions Serve As Vehicles For Developing-Country Policy Reform?"
  (Publication EC200604A)
  Michael J. Ferrantino, Office of Economics
  
  
• March 2006, "Exploiting Long Run Cointegration Properties of A Quarterly U.S. System of Wheat-Related Products."
  (Publication ID-15)
  Ronald A. Babula, Robert A. Rogowsky and
  Robert F.J. Romain, Office of Economics
  
  
• January 2006, "Growth in Services Outsourcing to India: Propellant or Drain on the U.S. Economy?"
  (Publication 2005-12-A)
  William Greene, Office of Economics
  
  

• October 2005, "Foreign Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights: Implications for Selected U.S. Industries"
  (Publication ID-14)
  Amanda Horan, Christopher Johnson, and
  Heather Sykes, Office of Industries
  
  
• September 2005, "Dynamic Economic Relationships Among U.S. Soy Product Markets: Using a Cointegrated Vector Autoregression Approach with Directed Acyclic Graphs"
  (Publication ID-13)
  Ronald A. Babula, David A. Bessler, and
  Robert A. Rogowsky, Office of Industries
  
  
• May 2005, "A Compilation of Reported Non-Tariff Measures: Description of the Information"
  (EC2005-05-A)
  William A. Donnelly and Diane Manifold,
  Office of Economics
  
  
• March 2005, "Cointegrated Vector Autoregression Methods: An Application to Non-Normally Behaving Data on Selected U.S. Sugar-Related Markets"
  (Publication ID-12)
  Ronald A. Babula and Douglas Newman,
  Office of Industries
  
  
• January 2005, "A Partial Equilibrium Approach of Modeling Vertical Linkages in the U.S. Flat Rolled Steel Market"
  (EC2005-01-A)
  James J. Fetzer, Office of Economics
  
  
• January 2005, "Regional Trade Agreements: Effects of the Andean and Mercosur Pacts on The Venezuelan Soybean Trade and U.S. Exports"
  (Publication ID-11)
  John Reeder, Jillian A. Torene. Cathy Jabara.
  Ronald A. Babula, Office of Industries
  
  

• October 2004, "An Analysis of the Impact of European Union and United States Dairy Policies on EU-U.S. Trade in Milk Protein"
  (Publication ID-10)
  Brad C. Gehrke, Ronald A. Babula, and Jonathan R. Coleman, Office of Industries
  
  
• September 2004, "Hub-and-Spokes Free-Trade Agreements in the Presence of Technology Spillovers: An Application to the Western Hemisphere"
  (EC2004-09-A)
  Soamiely Andriamananjara, Office of Economics
  
  
• July 2004, "The Liberalization of India's Telecommunications Sector: Implications for Trade and Investment"
  (EC2004-09-B)
  Willian Greene, Office of Economics
  
  
• May 2004, "Monte Carlos Appraisals of Gravity Model Specifications"
  (EC2004-05-A)
  Michael A. Anderson, Micheal J. Ferrantino, and
  Kurt C. Schaefer, Office of Economics
  
  
• May 2004, "Modeling U.S. Soy-Based Markets with Directed Acyclic Graphs and Time Series Econometrics: Evaluating the U.S. Market Impacts of High Soy Meal Prices"
  (Publication ID-09)
  Ronald A. Babula. David A. Bessler, John R. Reeder,
  Agapi Somwaru, Office of Industries
  
  
• April 2004, "Transshipment in the United States"
  (EC2004-04-B)
  Soamiely Andriamanajara, Hugh Arce, and
  Michael J. Ferrantino, Office of Economics
  
  
• April 2004, "The Effects of Non-Tariff Measures on Prices, Trade, and Welfare: CGE Implementation of Policy-Based Price Comparisons"
  (EC2004-04-A)
  Soamiely Andriamananjara, Judith M. Dean,
  Robert Feinberg, Michael J. Ferrantino, Rodney Ludema, and Marianos Tsigas, Office of Economics
  
  
• April 2004, "Private Sector Participation in the Water and Wastwater Services Industry"
  (Publication ID-08)
  Jennifer Baumert and Laura Bloodgood,
  Office of Industries
  
  
• January 2004, "Revised Armington Elasticities of Substitution for the USITC Model and the Concordance for Constructing a Consistent Set for the GTAP Model"
  (EC2004-01-A)
  William Donnelly, Kyle Johnson, and Marinos Tsigas,
  Office of Economics
  
  
• January 2004, "Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution Havens: Evaluating the Evidence from China"
  (EC2004-01-B)
  Judith Dean, Mary Lovely, and Hua Wang,
  Office of Economics
  
  

• December 2003, "Estimating the Tariff-Equivalent of NTMS"
  (EC2003-12-B)
  Judith Dean, Robert Feinberg, Michael Ferrantino, and Rodney Ludema, Office of Economics
  
  
• December 2003, "Alternative Approaches in Estimating the Economic Effects of Non-Tariff Measures: Results from Newly Quantified Measures"
  (EC2003-12-C)
  Soamiely Andriamananjara, Michael Ferrantino, and Marianos Tsigas, Office of Economics
  
  
• July 2003, "Dynamic Relationships Among Selected U.S. Commodity-Based, Value-Added Markets--Applying Directed Acyclic Graphs to a Time Series Model"
  (Publication ID-07)
  Ronald A. Babula, David A. Bessler, and
  Warren S. Payne, Office of Industries
  
  
• May 2003, "TSCAPE: A Time Series of Consistent Accounts for Policy Evaluation"
  (EC2003-05-A)
  Edward J. Balistreri and Alan K. Fox,
  Office of Economics
  
  
• May 2003, "The Global Positioning System: Global Developments and Opportunities"
  (Publication ID-06)
  James M. Brandon, Office of Industries
  
  
• March 2003, "Protecting U.S. Intellectual Property Rights and the Challenges of Digital Piracy"
  (Publication ID-05)
  Christopher Johnson and Daniel J. Walworth,
  Office of Industries
  
  
• March 2003, "Factors Affecting Trade in Mexican Imports of Poultry Meat from the United States"
  (Publication ID-04)
  Jonathan R. Coleman and Warren Payne,
  Office of Industries
  
  

• December 2002, "A Decomposition of North American Trade Growth since NAFTA"
  (EC2002-12-A)
  Russell H. Hillberry and Christine A. McDaniel,
  Office of Economics
  
  
• October 2002, "The NAFTA Preference and U.S.-Mexico Trade"
  (EC2002-10-A)
  Laurie-Ann Agama and Christine A. McDaniel,
  Office of Economics
  
  
• September 2002, "Impact of China's Accession to the WTO on U.S. Agricultural Exports"
  (Publication ID-03)
  Jonathan R. Coleman, John T. Fry,
  Devry S. Boughner, Office of Industries
  
  
• August 2002(Revised), "Estimating Tariff Equivalents of Nontariff Barriers"
  (EC1994-06-A(r))
  Hugh M. Arce and Linda A. Linkins, Office of Economics
  
  
• July 2002, "Do Preferential Trade Agreements Promote Growth? An Evaluation of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act"
  (EC2002-07-A)
  Judith M. Dean, Office of Economics
  
  
• June 2002, "The Rise and Fall of the Most-Favored-Nation Clause"
  (EC2002-06-B)
  Pinar Cebi and Rodney Ludema, Office of Economics
  
  
• June 2002, "Prebisch-Singer Redux"
  (EC2002-06-A)
  John T. Cuddington, Rodney Ludema, and
  Shamila Jayasuriya, Office of Economics
  
  
• February 2002, "Factors Affecting U.S. Trade and Shipments of Information Technology Products: Computer Equipment, Telecommunications Equipment, and Semiconductors"
  (Publication ID-02)
  Theresa H. Canavan, Robert Carr, and
  Christopher Johnson, Office of Industries
  
  
• January 2002, "Free Trade Agreements Between Developing and Industrialized Countries: Comparing the U.S.-Jordan FTA with Mexico's Experience Under NAFTA"
  (EC2002-01-B)
  Grace V. Chomo, Office of Economics
  
  
• January 2002, "A Discussion on Armingtion Trade Substitution Elasticities"
  (EC2002-01-A)
  Edward J. Balistreri and Christine A. McDaniel,
  Office of Economics
  
  

• India's Textile and Apparel Industry: Growth Potential and Trade and Investment Opportunities
  Staff Research Study 27
  (Publication 3401; March 2001)
  Sundar A. Shetty, Office of Industries
  
  

• Inventing Around and Impacts on Modes of Entry in Japan--A Cross-Country Analysis of U.S. Affiliate Sales and Licensing
  (Publication NA; November 1999)
  Office of Economics
  
  
• Review of Global Competitiveness in The Pharmaceutical Industry
  This staff issue paper describes the principal factors currently affecting the competitiveness of the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, particularly in relation to the industries of Western Europe and Japan.
  Staff Research Study 25
  (Publication 3172; April 1999)
  Office of Industries
  
  

• Global Assessment of Standards Barriers to Trade in The Information Technology Industry
  This staff issue paper examines study assesses standards-related barriers to trade in the global IT industry. The study (1) discusses the role of standards and conformity assessment in the IT industry; (2) provides an overview of the standards process in the United States, the European Union, Japan, and other important global markets; (3) examines the effects of certain standards-related barriers to trade on the computer hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment sectors of the IT industry; and (4) evaluates proposals for reducing IT standards-related barriers to trade.
  (Publication 3141; November 1998)
  
  

• Japanese Corporate Activities in Asia-- Implications For U.S.-Japan Relations
  (Publication NA; February 1997)
  Office of Economics
  
  

• Global Competitiveness of The U.S. Computer Softwware and Service Industries (Staff research report)
  The study highlights significant market and technology trends shaping competition in these rapidly growing industries and assesses the competitive implications of relevant government policies--including intellectual property protection, export controls, and telecommunications regulations --in the United States, Japan, and the European Union.
  (Publication NA; June 1995)
  
  
  
• June 1995, "International Trade, Labor Standards and Labor Markets Conditions: An Evaluation of the Linkages"
  Mita Aggarwal