Highlights of Recent Reports on Substance Abuse and Mental
Health
by
Year of Release: 2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
(reports are listed from most recent to earliest release)
All
reports released in 2009 (listed
from most recent to earliest release):
- The TEDS Report - -Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions for Smoked Substances: 1992 to 2007 Between 1992 and 2007, there was a marked decrease in the percent of treatment admissions for smoked substances (66 percent in 1992 vs. 50 percent in 2007). Changes are evident in both demographics of these admissions and in the substances smoked. For example, over three quarters (76 percent) of female admissions for smoked substances in 1992 reported smoking cocaine/crack compared to 37 percent in 2007. Similarly, in 1992 more than half of admissions for smoked cocaine/crack were between 25 and 34 years of age; by 2007, 41 percent were between the ages of 35 and 44..
- The TEDS Report - -Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Referred by the Criminal Justice System In 2007, the criminal justice system was the largest referral source for all treatment admissions in the US (37 percent of all admissions). These admissions were almost twice as likely to be employed either full or part-time as other admissions (42 percent v. 22 percent) and slightly less likely to drop out of treatment (22 percent v. 27 percent). Over the past 15 years, the fastest growth in criminal justice referrals has been among admissions younger than 18 and admissions for marijuana and methamphetamine abuse.
- Block Grant Report SAMHSA administers four block and formula grant programs: the Substance Abuse and Mental health Services Block Grant, the Mental Health Services Block grant, the Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness Formula Grant, and the Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness Formula Grant. Allocations for each are made in accord with legislative authorities. This document provides a guide to the formulas for each program, flowcharts for the major steps of the allocation process, and relevant section of legislation.
- The NSDUH Report - -Employment and Major Depressive Episode Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health show that the national rate of individuals who experience a past year major depressive episode (MDE) has declined from 68.8 percent in 2004 to 63.2 percent in 2006 and that rates of full-time employment continue to be lower among those with MDE than among those without MDE. Combined data from 2004 to 2007 indicate that the difference in the rate of any current employment between those with and without MDE was especially high for males, adults aged 26 or older, those who lived in non-metropolitan counties, and those who had received government assistance in the past year.
- The N-SSATS Report - -Characteristics of Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities Offering Acupuncture Acupuncture is one of the oldest healing practices in the world, and it has been used to treat a wide spectrum of medical conditions and diseases including substance abuse. According to the 2007 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) most facilities that offer acupuncture also offer other services to support the needs of clients, such as substance abuse education, discharge planning, case management, and aftercare. Facilities that offer acupuncture were twice as likely as all substance abuse treatment facilities to offer special programs or groups for adolescents (64 vs. 31 percent) and persons with HIV/AIDS (20 vs. 10 percent).
- The N-SSATS Report - -Characteristics of Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities Offering Acupuncture Acupuncture is one of the oldest healing practices in the world, and it has been used to treat a wide spectrum of medical conditions and diseases including substance abuse. According to the 2007 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) most facilities that offer acupuncture also offer other services to support the needs of clients, such as substance abuse education, discharge planning, case management, and aftercare. Facilities that offer acupuncture were twice as likely as all substance abuse treatment facilities to offer special programs or groups for adolescents (64 vs. 31 percent) and persons with HIV/AIDS (20 vs. 10 percent).
- The TEDS Report - -Race/Ethnicity of Female Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Aged 25 to 34 In 2007, American Indian/Alaska Native female admissions aged 25 to 34 were more likely than other female admissions the same age to report primary alcohol abuse. Black admissions aged 25 to 34were more likely to report primary marijuana abuse and primary cocaine abuse, and Asian/Pacific Islander admissions were more likely to report primary methamphetamine abuse, than other female admissions. Regardless of race/ethnicity, about a quarter or less of female admissions aged 25 to 34 were employed.
- The NSDUH Report - -Substance Use Treatment Need and Receipt among Hispanics Combined 2002 to 2007 data indicate that an annual average of 8.3 percent (2.6 million) of Hispanics aged 12 or older were in need of alcohol treatment in the past year, and 3.4 percent (1.1 million) were in need of illicit drug use treatment. Among Hispanics, the need for alcohol treatment was highest among Mexicans (9.2 percent), and the need for illicit drug treatment was highest among Puerto Ricans (6.1 percent). Among those in need of alcohol treatment in the past year, 7.7 percent received it in a specialty facility, and 15.1 percent of those in need of drug treatment received it in a specialty facility.
- The N-SSATS Report - -Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities Serving American Indians and Alaska Natives The majority of substance abuse treatment facilities operated by a Tribal government (73 percent) or the Indian Health Service (63 percent) were located in rural areas, while the majority of privately operated or State/local/community government-operated facilities that served the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population were located in urban areas (62 percent) . Substance abuse treatment facilities operated by a Tribal government were more likely to provide only outpatient services than facilities operated by the Indian Health Service or facilities serving the AI/AN populations that were operated by a private organization or a State/local/community government. Forty-three percent of AI/AN facilities offered treatment services in one or more AI/AN languages.
- The NSDUH Report - -Treatment for Substance Use and Depression among Adults, by Race/Ethnicity Combined from the 2004 to 2007 NSDUH data indicate that 9.7 percent of adults aged 18 or older needed treatment for a substance use problem in the past year, and 10.5 percent of those needing substance use treatment received it in the past year in a specialty facility. Among those in need of substance use treatment, blacks had higher rates of receipt of treatment in a specialty facility than persons of two or more races, Hispanics, whites, and Asians. 1 in 12 adults (7.5 percent) had a major depressive episode (MDE) in the past year, and two-thirds of them received treatment for depression in the past year. Whites were more likely to have received treatment than blacks, Hispanics, and Asians, and persons of two or more races were more likely to have received treatment than Hispanics and Asians.
- The NSDUH Report - -Young Adults' Need for and Receipt of Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use Treatment: 2007 In the past year, about one fifth of young adults aged 18 to 25 (21.1 percent) needed treatment for alcohol or illicit drug use, but less than one tenth (7.0 percent) of them received treatment at a specialty facility. Of the young adults who needed but did not receive alcohol or illicit drug use treatment in a specialty facility in the past year, 96.0 percent did not perceive the need for treatment.
- The NSDUH Report - -Fathers' Alcohol Use and Substance Use among Adolescents In 2006-2007, almost one in twelve (7.9 percent) fathers living with adolescents aged 12 to 17 had an alcohol use disorder, and 68.1 percent used alcohol in the past year but did not have an alcohol use disorder. The rate of past year alcohol use among adolescents was lower for those who lived with a father who did not use alcohol in the past year than for those who lived with a father who used alcohol but did not have an alcohol use disorder and for those who lived with a father with an alcohol use disorder (21.1 vs. 33.2 and 38.8 percent, respectively). The percentage of adolescents using illicit drugs in the past year increased with the level of paternal alcohol use, with illicit drug use reported by 14.0 percent of adolescents who lived with a father who did not use alcohol in the past year, 18.4 percent of those who lived with a father who used alcohol but did not have an alcohol use disorder, and 24.2 percent of those who lived with a father with an alcohol use disorder.
- State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2006-2007 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (HTML) (PDF Format)
- The
NSDUH Report - - Parental Involvement in Preventing Youth Substance Use Findings from the 2007 NSDUH suggest that the majority of parents clearly express their disapproval of youth substance use and are actively engaged in the day-to-day life of their children. However, the data also indicate that both parental involvement and perceived disapproval of youth substance use both are more prevalent for younger than for older youths.
- The
NSDUH Report - - Substance Use among Women During Pregnancy and Following Childbirth Alcohol and drug use by pregnant women is a public health problem with potentially severe consequences. Combined data from the 2002 to 2007 NSDUHs shows that past month alcohol use was highest among women who were not pregnant and did not have children living in the household (63.0 percent) and lowest for women in the second and third trimesters (7.8 and 6.2 percent respectively). Similar patters were seen among women for marijuana, cigarette and binge alcohol use.
- The
NSDUH Report - - Major Depressive Episode and Treatment among Adults In 2007, and estimated 16.5 million persons experienced at least one major depressive episode (MDE) in the past year. Of these individuals, more than 69 percent received one or more of the following types of therapeutic intervention: talking with a medical doctor or other professional, using prescription medication, or both. Women were more likely than men both to experience a past year MDE and to receive treatment.
- The
NSDUH Report - - Major Depressive Episode and Treatment among Adolescents In 2007, an estimated 2.0 million youths aged 12 to 17 experienced a major depressive episode yet less than 40% of them received treatment for depression. Adolescents with no health insurance coverage were much less likely receive treatment those with public or private insurance (17.2 vs. 42.9 vs. 40.6 percent respectively. Among those adolescents who saw or talked to a medical doctor or other professional about depression, 58.8 percent saw or talked to a counselor, 36.8 percent saw or talked to a psychologist, 27.3 percent saw or talked to a psychiatrist or psychotherapist, and 26.6 percent saw or talked to a general practitioner or family doctor.
- The N-SSATS Report - - DUI/DWI Admissions to Treatment and Program Resources In 2007, an estimated 2.5 million people were injured or killed in motor vehicle accidents. Using data from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), this report describes both the characteristics of facilities that offer specialized DUI/DWI treatment programs and the admissions who access these services.
- The
TEDS Report - - Treatment Outcomes among Clients Discharged from
Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment
SAMHSA's annual Treatment Episode Data Set
(TEDS) provides data on completion rates by race, gender, and primary
substance of abuse for clients who were treated in outpatient services
(including intensive outpatient care) whose discharge information was
provided by the States for their specialty substance abuse treatment
facilities. Among
clients discharged from outpatient service settings in 2005, treatment
completion was highest among those who reported primary alcohol abuse
and lowest among those who reported primary opiate or primary cocaine
abuse. As
educational level increased, the proportion of client discharges completing
outpatient treatment increased. Client
discharges referred to treatment by an Employer/Employee Assistance
Program (EAP) or the criminal justice system were more likely to complete
outpatient treatment than discharges referred by other sources
- The
NSDUH Report - - Children Living with Substance-Dependent or Substance-Abusing
Parents: 2002 to 2007 Combined
data from SAMHSA's 2002 to 2007 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health
were used to provide average annualized estimates of the number of children
under age 18 living with a substance abusing parent, that is, a parent
who was dependent on or abused alcohol or an illicit drug. Over
8.3 million children (11.9%) lived with at least one parent who was
dependent on or abused alcohol or an illicit drug during the past year. Of
the children living with a substance abusing parent, almost 7.3 million
(10.3%) lived with a parent who was dependent on or abused alcohol,
and about 2.1 million (3.0%) lived with a parent who was dependent on
or abused illicit drugs. About
5.4 million children under 18 years of age lived with a father who met
the criteria for past year substance dependence or abuse and 3.4 million
lived with a mother who met the criteria.
- The
NSDUH Report - - Alcohol Treatment: Need, Utilization,
and Barriers Based
on SAMHSA's 2007 National Survey on Drug Use & Health, 7.8% (19.3
million) persons aged 12 or older needed treatment for their alcohol
problem in the past year. The
majority of those who needed alcohol treatment either did not perceive
the need for treatment or did not receive it. Of those who needed alcohol
treatment in the past year, 8.1% received treatment at a specialty treatment
facility, 4.5% did not receive treatment but felt they needed it, and
87.4% neither received nor perceived a need for alcohol treatment. Among
those who did not receive alcohol treatment but felt they needed it,
only 27.9% actually made an effort to get treatment in the past year. Combined
data from SAMHSA's 2004 to 2007 National Surveys on Drug Use & Health
were used to determine reasons for not receiving alcohol treatment.
The most common reasons given for not receiving alcohol treatment among
those who felt the need for it were: 42% were not ready to stop using
alcohol and 34.5% had cost or insurance barriers.
- The NSDUH Report - - Nonmedical Use of Adderall® among Full-Time
College Students Adderall®
is the brand name for an amphetamine formulation that is prescribed
for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
and for narcolepsy. Under the Controlled Substance Act, Adderall®
is classified as a Schedule II drug because of its high potential for
abuse and dependence. Data for this report on Adderall® was collected
as part of SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health module on
nonmedical use of prescription-type stimulants. Among
persons aged 18 to 22, full-time college students were twice as likely
to use Adderall® nonmedically in the past year as those who had
not been in college at all or were only part-time students. Nearly
90% of the full-time college students who had used Adderall® nonmedically
in the past year also were past month binge alcohol drinkers and more
than half were heavy alcohol users. In
the past year, full-time college students who had used Adderall®
nonmedically in the past year were more likely to have used illicit
drugs than their non Adderall® using counterparts: almost 3 times
more likely to use marijuana (79.9% vs. 27.2%), 8 times more likely
to use cocaine (28.9% vs. 3.6%), 8 times more likely to use tranquilizers
nonmedically (24.5% vs. 3%) and 5 times more likely to use pain relievers
nonmedically (44.9% vs. 8.7%).
- The
NSDUH Report - - Exposure to Substance Use Prevention
Messages and Substance Use among Adolescents: 2002 to 2007 SAMHSA's
National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that that most youths have
been exposed to some kind of substance use prevention message - - whether
having seen or heard an alcohol or drug prevention message through the
general media, participated in special classes about drugs or alcohol,
or talked with a parent about the dangers of tobacco, alcohol, or drug
use. The
general media (such as radio, TV, posters, or pamphlets) was the primary
source for substance use prevention messages. However, the percent of
adolescents reporting exposure to drug or alcohol use prevention messages
through media sources declined from 83.2% in 2002 to 77.9% in 2007.
The
importance of parents as the source of substance use prevention messages
increased slightly between 2002 and 2007. In 2002, 58.1% of the youths
talked with at least one of their parents during the past year about
the dangers of tobacco, alcohol or drug use and 59.6% of the youth had
such talks in 2007. Younger
youth were more likely than older youth to report talking with a parent
about the dangers of substance use: 61.6% of those aged 12 or 13, 59.5%
of those aged 14 or 15, and 57.1% of those aged 16 or 17 had such talks. In
general, youths who had been exposed to some kind of substance use prevention
message were less likely to report past month use of alcohol use, cigarettes,
or illicit drugs than youths who had not had such prevention messages.
- The
NSDUH Report - -
Concurrent Illicit Drug and Alcohol Use Because
of possible additive or interactive drug effects, data
from SAMHSA's 2006 and 2007 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health
were pooled to examine the likelihood of multiple concurrent substance
use. The measure used to define concurrent substance use for this report
was illicit drug use during or within 2 hours of last alcohol use. About
6% (7.1 million) of persons age 12 or older who drank alcohol in the
past month also reported using an illicit drug during or within 2 hours
of their last alcohol drink. Among past month alcohol
drinkers, American Indian or Alaska Natives (11.7%) and Blacks (9.9%)
were the most likely racial groups and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific
Islanders (4.2%) and Asians (2.1%) were the least likely racial groups
to use an illicit drug concurrently with alcohol. Youth
aged 12 to 17 and young adults aged 18 to 25 were more likely than older
persons among the past month alcohol drinkers to drink alcohol concurrently
with an illicit drug.
- The
NSDUH Report - - Trends in Adolescent Inhalant Use: 2002 to
2007 SAMHSA's
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) defines inhalants as
"liquids, sprays, and gases that people sniff or inhale to get
high or to make them feel good." In 2007, almost one million youth
used inhalants in the past year. The
percentage of youths aged 12 to 17 who used inhalants in the past year
was lower in 2007 (3.9%) than in 2003 (4.5%), 2004 (4.6%), and 2005
(4.5%). Among
youth who used inhalants for the first time in the past year, the rate
of the use of nitrous oxide or "whippets" declined between
2002 and 2007 among both males (40.2% to 20.2%) and females (22.3% to
12.2%). In
2007, 17.2% of youth who initiated illicit drug use during the past
year indicated that inhalants were the first drug that they used; this
rate remained relatively stable between 2002 and 2007. Past
year dependence on or abuse of inhalants remained relatively stable
between 2002 and 2007 with around 99,000 youth meeting the criteria
for dependence or abuse in 2007.
- The NSDUH Report - - Smokeless
Tobacco Use, Initiation, and Relationship to Cigarette Smoking: 2002
to 2007 SAMHSA's
National Survey on Drug Use and Health provides trend data from 2002
to 2007 on smokeless tobacco use in the general population aged 12 and
older. The rate of past month smokeless tobacco use remained relatively
stable in the range of 3.0% to 3.3% between 2002 and 2007 among persons
aged 12 or older; however, there were increases among certain subpopulations
- - in particular, among adolescent males. Among
past month smokeless tobacco users, 85.8% used cigarettes at some time
in their lives and 38.8% used cigarettes in the past month.
Among persons who had used both smokeless tobacco and cigarettes in
their lifetime, 31.8% started using smokeless tobacco first, 65.5% started
using cigarettes first, and 2.7% initiated use of smokeless tobacco
and cigarettes at about the same time.
- The
TEDS Report - - Predictors
of Substance Abuse Treatment Completion or Transfer to Further Treatment
by Service Type
SAMHSA's
annual Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) not only provides data on completion
rates but on significant predictors of treatment completion for those
with discharge information provided by the States for their specialty
substance abuse treatment facilities. In general,
the significant predictors of substance abuse treatment completion or
transfer for clients discharged in 2005 were: alcohol as the primary
substance of abuse, less than daily use at admission, being over age
40, having 12 or more years of education, being White, referral to treatment
by the criminal justice system, and being employed. Among
clients discharged from intensive outpatient substance abuse treatment,
men were more likely than women to complete treatment or be transferred
for further treatment to another program or facility.
Among clients discharged from long term residential substance abuse
treatment, women were more likely than men to complete treatment
or be transferred for further treatment to another program or facility.
Clients referred by the criminal justice system were 58%
more likely to complete outpatient treatment or be transferred to further
treatment than clients from any other referral source.
- The
NSDUH Report - - Adolescent Mental Health: Service Settings
and Reasons for Receiving Care
SAMHSA's 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health provides
data on the types of mental health settings where youth aged 12 to 17
received treatment or counseling for problems with behavior or emotions
in the past year: 12.5% received their treatment or counseling in a
specialty mental health setting, 11.5% in an educational setting, and
2.8% in a general medical setting. One in twenty (5.1%) of the youth
received treatment or counseling for their behavioral or emotional problems
in both a specialty mental health setting and an educational or general
medical setting. The
most common reasons for which the youth received mental health services
were: feeling depressed (50%), problems at home/family (28.8%), breaking
rules or "acting out" (25.1%) and thought about killing self
or tried to kill self (20.2%). While
there were no gender differences in the receipt of care in inpatient
specialty settings, female youth were more likely than males to receive
mental health services in outpatient specialty, educational, or general
medical settings.
- The
TEDS Report - - Treatment Outcomes among Clients Discharged from Residential
Substance Abuse Treatment: 2005
SAMHSA's
annual Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) provides data on completion
rates by race, gender, primary substance of abuse, and type of residential
treatment for those with discharge information provided by the States
for their specialty substance abuse treatment facilities. In
2005, clients discharged from short-term residential treatment (30 days
or less) were more likely to complete treatment than those discharged
from long-term residential treatment (57% vs. 38%). Among
short-term residential treatment discharges, a higher proportion of
American Indian/Alaska Natives (63%) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (60%)
completed treatment than Whites (57%), Blacks (55%), or Hispanics (52%).
Clients
who reported alcohol as their primary drug of abuse were more likely
to complete treatment among residential short-term discharges (66%)
and long-term discharges (46%) than those with other primary drugs of
abuse. Discharged
clients who reported stimulants as their primary drug of abuse were
the least likely to complete short-term residential treatment (46%)
and were almost as likely (19%) as those reporting opiates (21%) as
their primary drug to drop out of short-term residential treatment.
Treatment
completion among clients discharged from long-term residential treatment
was lowest among those reporting cocaine abuse (33%) or opiate abuse
(35%) as their primary drug of abuse.
- The
NSDUH Report - - Trends in Nonmedical Use of Prescription Pain
Relievers: 2002 to 2007 Data
from SAMHSA's 2002 to 2007 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health were
combined in order to determine trends in nonmedical use of prescription
pain relievers among the general population aged 12 and older. Prescription
pain relievers include hydrocodone, oxycodone, and morphine. The
rate of past month nonmedical use of pain relievers did not differ significantly
between 2002 and 2007 among the overall general population aged 12 and
older but did differ by age group during this period. Youth
past month nonmedical use of pain relievers declined from 3.2%
in 2002 to 2.7% in 2007 while young adult use increased from
4.1% to 4.6% during this period. In
2007, 2.1% persons aged 12 and older (5.2 million) reported using prescription
pain relievers nonmedically in the past month: 2.7% youth (670,000),
4.6% young adults (1.5 million), and 1.6% adults aged 26 or older (3
million) used a prescription pain reliever nonmedically in the past
month.
- The
NSDUH Report - - Cigar
Use among Young Adults Aged 18 to 25 SAMHSA's
National Survey on Drug Use and Health provides trend data on cigar
use among young adults from 2002 to 2007. Cigar use in this age group
was 3 times greater among males than females. During this time, cigar
use in the past month among males climbed steadily from 16.8% to peak
at 19.7% in 2004 and declined to 18.4% in 2007. Among females, the rates
remained relatively stable ranging from 5.1% to 5.8% at the peak in
2004. Younger
adults were more likely to smoke cigars currently than the older adults
in this age group: 14.5% of those age 18 or 19 smoked cigars in the
past month compared to 8.5% of those age 24 or 25. Nearly
two-thirds of past month cigar users also smoked cigarettes during the
past month (65.1% of the male current cigar smokers and 69.2% of the
female current cigar smokers).
- The
NSDUH Report - - Serious Psychological Distress and Receipt
of Mental Health Services
SAMHSA's
2007 National Survey on Drug Use & Health (NSDUH) found that 10.9%
of adults aged 18 or older (24.3 million) experienced serious psychological
distress (SPD) in the past year.
Of
the adults who experienced serious psychological distress in the past
year, less than half (44.6%) received mental health services during
that time.
Young adults aged 18 to 25 with serious psychological distress were
less likely than other adults with serious psychological distress
to have received mental health services: 29.4% of those aged 18 to 25;
47.2% of those aged 26 to 49, and 53.8% of those aged 50 or older with
past year serious psychological distress received mental health services
in the past year. Of
the adults with past year serious psychological distress, 6.9% received
all three types of mental health services (inpatient, outpatient, and
prescription medication), 43.3% received only outpatient services and
prescription medication, and 34.7% received only prescription medication.
- The
NSDUH Report - - Marijuana Use and Perceived Risk of Use among
Adolescents: 2002 to 2007
Based
on SAMHSA's annual National Surveys on Drug Use and Health from 2002
to 2007, past month marijuana use among adolescents (i.e., youths aged
12 to 17) generally decreased from 2002 (8.2%) to 2005 (6.8%), and then
remained constant between 2005 and 2007.
The
percentage of adolescents who perceived great risk from smoking marijuana
once a month increased between 2002 (32.4%) and 2003 (34.9%),
and then remained relatively stable between 2003 and 2007.
Adolescents
who perceived great risk from smoking marijuana once a month were much
less likely to have used marijuana in the past month than those
who perceived moderate to no risk (1.4% vs. 9.5%).
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