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Chlorinated ethenes from ground water in tree trunks, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 607-614.

Vroblesky, D.A., and Yanosky, T.M., 1990,

Use of tree-ring chemistry to document historical ground-water contamination events: Ground Water, v. 28, no. 5, p. 677-684, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1990.tb01983.x.

Wagner, B.J., and Harvey, J.W., 1999,

Evaluating the ability of tracer tests to quantify reactive solute transport in stream-aquifer systems, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 201-209.

Wallenstein, M.D., Myrold, D.D., Firestone, M., and Voytek, M., 2006,

Environmental controls on denitrifying communities and denitrification rates--Insights from molecular methods: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2143-2152, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2143:ECODCA]2.0.CO;2.

Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., Francis, C.A., and Paytan, A., 2006,

Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary--A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 4, p. 1654-1664 (Abstract).

Waychunas, G.A., Davis, J.S., and Fuller, C.C., 1995,

Geometry of sorbed arsenate on ferrihydrite and crystalline FeOOH--Re-evaluation of EXAFS results and topological factors in predicting sorbate geometry and evidence for monodentate complexes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, p. 3655-3661, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00276-6.

Waychunas, G.A., Fuller, C.C., Davis, J.A., and Rehr, J.J., 2003,

Surface complexation and precipitate geometry of aqueous Zn(II) sorption on ferrihydrite--II. XANES analysis and simulation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, p. 1031-1043, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01280-2.

Waychunas, G.A., Fuller, C.C., Rea, B.A., and Davis, J.A., 1996,

Wide angle X-ray scattering (WQXS) study of "two-line" ferrihydrite structure--Effect of arsenate sorption and counterion variation and comparison with EXAFS results: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 60, p. 1765-1782, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(96)89830-9.

Webb, S.M., Fuller, C.C., Tebo, B.M., and Bargar, J.R., 2006,

Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 771-777, doi:10.1021/es051679f.

Weeks, E.P., 1996,

Problems of field identification of preferential flow through fractured media, in Stevens, P.R., and Nicholson, J.J., eds., Joint U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission workshop on research related to low-level radioactive waste disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia; Proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4015, p. 96-102.

Weishaar, J.L., Aiken, G.R., Bergamaschi, B.A., Fram, M.S., and Fujii, R., 2003,

Evaluation of specific ultra-violet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 37, no. 20, p. 4702-4708, doi:10.1021/es030360x.

Weiss, J.M., McKay, A.J., DeRito, C., Watanabe, C., Thorn, K.A., and Madsen, E.L., 2004,

Development and application of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of bound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene residues in soil: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 7, p. 2167-2174, doi:10.1021/es034911v.

Weiss, J.V., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2008,

Biodegradation in contaminated aquifers--Incorporating microbial/molecular methods: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 2, p. 305-322, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00409.x.

Wershaw, R.L., Fishman, M.J., and Grabbe, R.R., 1987,

Methods for the determination of organic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, sec. A, chap. 3, 80 p.

Wershaw, R.L., Leenheer, J.A., Kennedy, K.R., and Noyes, T.I., 1996,

Use of 13C NMR and FTIR for elucidation of degradation pahtways during natural litter decomposition and composting I. Early stage lead degeneration: Soil Science, v. 161, p. 667-679.

Wershaw, R.L., Llaguno, E.C., and Leenheer, J.A., 1996,

Mechanism of formation of humus coatings on mineral surfaces 3. Composition of adsorbed organic acids from compost leachate on alumina by solid-state 13C NMR: Colloids and Surfaces A--Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, v. 108, p. 213-223, doi:10.1016/0927-7757(95)03401-3.

Wershaw, R.L., Rutherford, D.W., Rostad, C.E., Garbarino, J.R., Ferrer, I., Kennedy, K.R., Momplaisir, G., and Grange, A., 2003,

Mass spectrometric identification of an azobenzene derivative produced by smectite-catalyzed conversion of 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylar-sonic acid: Talanta, v. 59, no. 6, p. 1219-1226, doi:10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00032-8.

White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D.V., Blum, A.E., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2006,

Controls on pore water solutes--An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, no. 1-3, p. 363-366, doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.076.

Wiedemeier, T.H., Swanson, M.A., Moutoux, D.E., Gordon, E.K., Wilson, J.T., Wilson, B.H., Kampbell, D.H., Haas, P.E., Miller, R.N., Hansen, J.E., and Chapelle, F.H., 1998,

Technical protocol for evaluating natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents in ground water: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development: EPA/600/R-98/128.

Williams, J.H., and Johnson, C.D., 2004,

Acoustic and optical borehole-wall imaging for fractured-rock aquifer studies: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 151-159, doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2003.06.009.

Williams, J.H., Lacombe, P.J., Johnson, C.D., and Paillet, F.L., 2007,

Cross-borehole flow tests and insights into hydraulic connections in fractured mudstone and sandstone, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP 2007), Denver, Colorado, April 1-5, 2007: Denver, Colo., Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. 1,140-1,152 (CD-ROM).

Williams, J.H., Lane, J.W., Jr., Singha, K., and Haeni, F.P., 2002,

Application of advanced geophysical logging methods in the characterization of a fractured-sedimentary bedrock aquifer, Vertura County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4083, 28 p.

Williams, R.L., Mayer, K.U., Amos, R.T., Blowes, D.W., Ptacek, C.J., and Bain, J.G., 2007,

Using dissolved gas analysis to investigate the performance of an organic carbon permeable reactive barrier for the treatment of mine drainage: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 1, p. 90-108, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.09.007.

Winfield, K.A., 2005,

Development of property-transfer models for estimating the hydraulic properties of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idahy: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5114, 59 p.

Winston, R.B., and Shapiro, A.M., 2007,

BAT³ Analyzer--Real-time data display and interpretation software for the Multifunction Bedrock-Aquifer Transportable Testing Tool (BAT³): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1105, 65 p.

Witten, A., and Lane, J., 2003,

Offset vertical radar profiling: The Leading Edge (newsletter by The Society of Exploration Geophysicists), v. 22, no. 11, p. 1070-1076.

Wood, W.W., 2005,

Nanobots--A new paradigm for hydrogeologic characterization?: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 4, p. 462, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0079.x.

Wood, W.W., 1999,

Use and misuse of the chloride-mas balance method in estimating ground water recharge: Ground Water, v. 37, no. 1, p. 2-3, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00949.x.

Wood, W.W., Rainwater, K.A., and Thompson, D.B., 1997,

Quantifying macropore recharge--Examples from a semi-arid area: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1097-1106, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00182.x.

Wood, W.W., and Sanford, W.E., 1995,

Chemical and isotopic methods for quantifying ground-water recharge in a regional, semi-arid environment: Ground Water, v. 33, no. 3, p. 458-468.

Woodbury, A.D., and Rubin, Y., 2000,

A full-Bayesian approach to parameter inference from tracer travel time moments and investigation of scale effects at the Cape Cod experimental site: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 159-171, 1999WR900273, doi:10.1029/1999WR900273.

Worrall, F., 2001,

A molecular topology approach to predicting pesticide pollution of groundwater: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 35, no. 11, p. 2282-2287, doi:10.1021/es001593g.

Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2004,

Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution - combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors: Journal of Hydrology, v. 293, no. 1-4, p. 191-204, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013.

Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2003,

Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from single observations of multiple contaminants: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1345-1352, 2002WR001212, doi:10.1029/2002WR001212.

Wright, D.L., Smith, D.V., Abraham, J.D., Hutton, R.S., Bond, E.K., Chi, T.J., Alaeddin, A.A., and Chew, W.C., 2000,

Imaging and modeling new VETEM data, in Noon, D.A., Stickley, G.F., and Longstaff, D., eds., Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, May 23-26, 2000: University of Queensland, Cooperative Research Centre for Sensor Signal and Information Processing (CSSIP), p. 146-150.

Wright, W.G., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1999,

Oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate as a tool to distinguish natural and mining-related dissolved constituents, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 67-73.

Ye, Z., Weinberg, H.S., and Meyer, M.T., 2007,

Trace analysis of trimethoprim and sulfonamide, macrolide, quinolone, and tetracycline antibiotics in chlorinated drinking water using liquid chromotagrphy electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 79, no. 3, p. 1135-1144, doi:10.1021/ac060972a.

Zaugg, S.D., Burkhardt, M.R., Burbank, T.L., Olson, M.C., Iverson, J.L., and Schroeder, M.P., 2006,

Determination of semivolatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec. B, chap. 3, 44 p.

Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., and Schroeder, M.P., 2006,

Determination of wastewater compounds in whole water by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec, B, chap. 4, 30 p.

Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., Schroeder, M.P., Barber, L.B., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2002,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of wastewater compounds by polystyrene-divinylbenzene solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4186, 37 p.

Zhang, M., Takahashi, M., Morin, R.H., and Esaki, T., 2000,

Evaluation and application of the transient-pulse technique for determining the hydraulic properties of low permeability rocks - Part 1. Theoretical evaluation: Geotechnical Testing Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 83-91, 4234XXXc.

Zhang, M., Takahashi, M., Morin, R.H., and Esaki, T., 2000,

Evaluation and application of the transient-pulse technique for determining the hydraulic properties of low permeability rocks--Part 2. Experimental application: Geotechnical Testing Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 91-99, GTJ23110.

Zielinski, R.A., Rice, C.A., and Otton, J.K., 2003,

Use of soil extracts to define the extent of brine-impacted soils and bedrock at oil production site "B", Osage-Skiatook Project, northeastern Oklahoma, in Sublette, K., ed., 9th International Petroleum Environmental Conference Special Session--Fate and Transport of Brine and Hydrocarbon Releases in Soils and Water, Northeast Oklahoma, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 22-25, 2002: IPEC, p. 12 pages.

Zimmerman, L.R., Hostetler, K.A., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-182, 30 p.

Zimmerman, L.R., Schneider, R.J., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1045-1052, doi:10.1021/jf010779b.

Zimmerman, L.R., Strahan, A.P., and Thurman, E.M., 2001,

Method of analysis and quality-assurance practices by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of four selected mosquito insecticides and a synergist in water using liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-273, 11 p.

Zimmerman, L.R., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Method of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-634, 21 p.

Zimmerman, L.R., Thurman, E.M., and Bastian, K.C., 2000,

Detection of persistent organic pollutants in the Mississippi Delta using semipermeable membrane devices: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 169-179, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00540-9.

Zimmerman, L.R., Thurman, E.M., and Bastian, K.C., 1999,

Detection of persistent organic pollutants in the Mississippi Delta using semipermeable membrane devices, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 367-379.

Zimmerman, L.R., Ziegler, A.C., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Method of analysis and quality-assurance practices by U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of geosmin and methylisoborneol in water using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-337, 12 p.

Zinn, B.A., and Konikow, L.F., 2007,

Effects of intraborehole flow on groundwater age distribution: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 15, no. 4, p. 633-643, doi:10.1007/s10040-006-0139-8.

There are 584 on-line publications in this section of the bibliography. The Toxics Bibliographic Data Base was last updated on 8/4/09.

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