Internet: www.bls.gov/ro5/  
GENERAL INFORMATION: (312) 353-1880 FOR RELEASE:
MEDIA CONTACT: Paul LaPorte  Wednesday, August 5, 2009
(312) 353-1138  


DETROIT METROPOLITAN AREA JOB COUNT: JUNE 2009

Rate of Job Loss more than Double that for the Nation

 

Total nonfarm employment for the Detroit-Warren-Livonia Metropolitan Statistical Area stood at 1,767,300 in June 2009, 175,400 below its year-ago level.  This loss of jobs represented a decline of 9.0 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.  Nationally, nonfarm employment was down 4.2 percent during the same 12-month period.  (See chart A and table 1.)  Regional Commissioner Jay A. Mousa noted that while the Detroit area has experienced declines in employment every month since October 2005, the rate of over-the-year job loss has accelerated substantially in recent months.  (All data in this release are not seasonally adjusted; accordingly, over-the-year analysis is used throughout.)

 

Chart A.  Total nonfarm employment, over-the-year percent change in the United States and the Detroit metropolitan area, June 2003-2009

Chart A.  Total nonfarm employment, over-the-year percent change in the United States and the Detroit metropolitan area, June 2003-2009

 

The Detroit metropolitan area is made up of two metropolitan divisions—separately identifiable employment centers within the larger metropolitan area—both of which experienced job losses that outpaced the national decline.  Employment in the Detroit-Livonia-Dearborn Metropolitan Division declined 8.1 percent from June a year ago and in the Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills Metropolitan Division, it was down 9.6 percent.  The Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills division, which accounted for about 60 percent of the metropolitan area's total employment, experienced about 64 percent of Detroit's over-the-year job losses.  (See table 2.) 

 

Industry Employment

Manufacturing recorded the largest employment loss in the Detroit area, down 62,800 from June 2008 to June 2009, a decline of 25.6 percent.  This was the largest number of jobs lost, as well as the largest percentage decline, since 1990 when these data series first became available.  Nationally, employment in manufacturing declined 12.3 percent from June a year ago.  (See chart B and table 1.) 

 

Chart B.  Over-the-year percent change in employment by selected industry supersector, United States and the Detroit metropolitan area, June 2009

Chart B.  Over-the-year percent change in employment by selected industry supersector, United States and the Detroit metropolitan area, June 2009

 

The second-largest employment decline in the Detroit area was in professional and business services which lost 50,300 jobs, a drop of 14.6 percent.  The impact was more pronounced in the Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills division, which accounted for 75 percent of the decline with the loss of 37,700 jobs.  Nationally, professional and business services employment fell by 6.9 percent from June 2008 to June 2009.

Trade, transportation, and utilities, the Detroit area's largest supersector, experienced an employment decline of 22,500 or 6.2 percent.  Nationally, employment in trade, transportation, and utilities fell 4.6 percent.

Employment in mining, logging, and construction fell by 14,000 or 20.3 percent over the year in the Detroit area.  This compared to an 8.5-percent decline during the previous 12-month period.

Five other Detroit area supersectors reported job losses ranging from 8,700 in financial activities to 3,200 in both information and other services.

Education and health services failed to add jobs over the year for the first time since July 2003. Nationally, education and health services expanded 2.2 percent from June a year ago.

 

Employment in the 12 Largest Areas

The Detroit area was 1 of the nation’s 12 largest metropolitan statistical areas in June 2009.  All of these areas experienced over-the-year job losses.  (See chart C and table 3.)  Nationally, employment fell 4.2 percent from June 2008 to June 2009.

Of these 12 metropolitan areas, 5—Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, and Chicago-Naperville-Joliet—recorded employment declines at a faster-than-average pace.  Of these five, only Detroit’s rate of job loss, at 9.0 percent, was more than double the national average.  The other four experienced declines from 5.5 to 4.5 percent.

Conversely, seven metropolitan areas lost jobs at a slower pace than that for the nation.  Five of these areas experienced declines in the 4.1- to 2.6-percent range—Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, and New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island.  Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington and Washington-Arlington-Alexandria posted the smallest losses (-1.9 and -1.4 percent, respectively).

Three metropolitan areas experienced employment declines of over 200,000 from June a year ago:  Los Angeles (-259,100), New York (-226,900), and Chicago (-207,600).  Only one area, Washington, lost fewer than 50,000 jobs over the year.

In 4 of the 12 areas, professional and business services recorded the largest loss of jobs from June 2008, while trade, transportation, and utilities registered the largest loss in 4 additional areas.  Conversely, education and health services added the most jobs in 9 of the 12 areas.

 

Chart C.  Over-the-year percent change in employment, 12 largest areas and the United States, June 2009

Chart C.  Over-the-year percent change in employment, 12 largest areas and the United States, June 2009

 

 

Technical Note

This release presents nonfarm payroll employment estimates from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program for the Detroit-Warren-Livonia Metropolitan Statistical Area, one of the 12 largest metropolitan areas.  The rankings were based on population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2007.  The CES program is a Federal-State cooperative endeavor.

Employment definition.  Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th of the month.  Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll.  Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System.

Method of estimation.  The employment data are estimated using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative) of current-month employment to that of the previous month is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months.  The estimates of employment for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these ratios.  Small-domain models are used as the official estimators for the approximately 39 percent of CES published series which have insufficient sample for direct sample-based estimates.

Annual revisions.  Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws.  The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month.  Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months.

Reliability of the estimates

The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors.  Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed.  Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations.  Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of rounding.

Employment estimates.  Measures of sampling error are available for state CES data at the total nonfarm and supersector level and for metropolitan area CES data.  Information on recent benchmark revisions for states is available on the BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/sae/.

Area definitions.  The substate area data published in this release reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on November 20, 2008.  A detailed list of the geographic definitions is available at http://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm.

Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Mich. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) includes Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties in Michigan.

The Detroit-Livonia-Dearborn, Mich. Metropolitan Division (MD) includes Wayne County in Michigan.

The Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Mich. Metropolitan Division (MD) includes Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Oakland, and St. Clair Counties in Michigan.

 

Additional information

For personal assistance or further information on the Current Employment Statistics program, as well as other Bureau programs, contact the Midwest Information Office at (312) 353-1880 from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. ET.

 

Table 1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry supersector, United States, not seasonally adjusted (numbers in thousands)
Area and Industry
June
2008
Apr
2009
May
2009
June
2009(p)
Change from June
2008 to June 2009(p)
Number Percent

United States

 

Total nonfarm

138,451 132,336 132,719 132,609 -5,842 -4.2

Mining and logging

780 729 723 723 -57 -7.3

Construction

7,466 6,205 6,348 6,432 -1,034 -13.8

Manufacturing

13,599 12,055 11,942 11,920 -1,679 -12.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

26,522 25,119 25,236 25,311 -1,211 -4.6

Information

3,029 2,883 2,865 2,858 -171 -5.6

Financial activities

8,228 7,778 7,764 7,802 -426 -5.2

Professional and business services

17,984 16,763 16,722 16,735 -1,249 -6.9

Education and health services

18,677 19,327 19,282 19,087 410 2.2

Leisure and hospitality

14,069 13,052 13,411 13,732 -337 -2.4

Other services

5,608 5,413 5,438 5,498 -110 -2.0

Government

22,489 23,012 22,988 22,511 22 0.1

(p) preliminary

 

Table 2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry supersector, Detroit metropolitan area and its components, not seasonally adjusted (numbers in thousands)
Area and Industry
June
2008
Apr
2009
May
2009
June
2009(p)
Change from June 2008
to June 2009(p)
Number Percent

Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area

 

Total nonfarm

1,942.7 1,770.0 1,773.8 1,767.3 -175.4 -9.0

Mining, logging, and construction

69.1 49.6 53.7 55.1 -14.0 -20.3

Manufacturing

245.4 195.5 185.7 182.6 -62.8 -25.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

360.9 336.4 337.5 338.4 -22.5 -6.2

Information

32.5 29.7 29.7 29.3 -3.2 -9.8

Financial activities

108.4 99.3 99.1 99.7 -8.7 -8.0

Professional and business Services

345.1 295.2 297.3 294.8 -50.3 -14.6

Education and health services

281.5 283.5 284.2 281.5 0.0 0.0

Leisure and hospitality

188.5 174.5 180.8 182.0 -6.5 -3.4

Other services

88.1 85.3 84.5 84.9 -3.2 -3.6

Government

223.2 221.0 221.3 219.0 -4.2 -1.9

Detroit-Livonia-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Division

 

Total nonfarm

774.8 719.3 717.1 711.7 -63.1 -8.1

Mining, logging, and construction

21.6 16.8 18.0 18.3 -3.3 -15.3

Manufacturing

89.2 72.4 67.7 64.6 -24.6 -27.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

148.1 137.4 137.8 138.3 -9.8 -6.6

Information

12.5 10.8 10.7 10.3 -2.2 -17.6

Financial activities

34.6 31.5 31.4 31.6 -3.0 -8.7

Professional and business services

117.9 105.6 106.1 105.3 -12.6 -10.7

Education and health services

123.1 123.9 124.0 122.9 -0.2 -0.2

Leisure and hospitality

81.7 77.1 78.5 79.0 -2.7 -3.3

Other services

36.0 34.8 34.5 34.9 -1.1 -3.1

Government

110.1 109.0 108.4 106.5 -3.6 -3.3

Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI Metropolitan Division

 

Total nonfarm

1,167.9 1,050.7 1,056.7 1,055.6 -112.3 -9.6

Mining, logging, and construction

47.5 32.8 35.7 36.8 -10.7 -22.5

Manufacturing

156.2 123.1 118.0 118.0 -38.2 -24.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

212.8 199.0 199.7 200.1 -12.7 -6.0

Information

20.0 18.9 19.0 19.0 -1.0 -5.0

Financial activities

73.8 67.8 67.7 68.1 -5.7 -7.7

Professional and business services

227.2 189.6 191.2 189.5 -37.7 -16.6

Education and health services

158.4 159.6 160.2 158.6 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality

106.8 97.4 102.3 103.0 -3.8 -3.6

Other services

52.1 50.5 50.0 50.0 -2.1 -4.0

Government

113.1 112.0 112.9 112.5 -0.6 -0.5


(p) preliminary

 

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry supersector, 12 largest metropolitan areas, not seasonally adjusted (numbers in thousands)
Area and Industry
June
2008
Apr
2009
May
2009
June
2009(p)
Change from June
2008 to June 2009(p)
Number Percent

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA

 

Total nonfarm

2,437.6 2,318.4 2,316.1 2,304.1 -133.5 -5.5

Mining and logging

1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 -0.3 -17.6

Construction

130.1 107.2 104.5 104.4 -25.7 -19.8

Manufacturing

169.6 151.0 150.2 149.9 -19.7 -11.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

553.2 522.4 520.3 517.0 -36.2 -6.5

Information

84.7 80.5 79.5 79.0 -5.7 -6.7

Financial activities

156.3 148.0 147.5 146.3 -10.0 -6.4

Professional and business services

412.5 373.0 369.4 371.3 -41.2 -10.0

Education and health services

256.0 265.1 268.6 264.9 8.9 3.5

Leisure and hospitality

241.5 230.7 237.6 237.8 -3.7 -1.5

Other services

98.8 96.7 96.6 96.9 -1.9 -1.9

Government

333.2 342.4 340.5 335.2 2.0 0.6

Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH

 

Total nonfarm

2,524.1 2,428.2 2,442.0 2,455.7 -68.4 -2.7

Mining and logging

0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 -0.1 -11.1

Construction

101.0 80.4 83.1 85.1 -15.9 -15.7

Manufacturing

218.3 207.8 207.8 208.1 -10.2 -4.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

421.2 395.8 400.4 404.7 -16.5 -3.9

Information

76.1 72.9 72.6 73.0 -3.1 -4.1

Financial activities

187.6 175.4 175.4 177.3 -10.3 -5.5

Professional and business services

422.3 390.8 393.8 397.9 -24.4 -5.8

Education and health services

464.8 489.5 483.2 477.7 12.9 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

233.5 216.2 226.7 234.0 0.5 0.2

Other services

91.2 86.0 87.6 89.8 -1.4 -1.5

Government

307.2 312.7 310.6 307.3 0.1 0.0

Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI

 

Total nonfarm

4,594.8 4,346.8 4,370.3 4,387.2 -207.6 -4.5

Mining and logging

2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 -0.1 -4.5

Construction

213.3 176.6 181.2 184.4 -28.9 -13.5

Manufacturing

475.6 432.2 429.0 428.0 -47.6 -10.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

929.5 886.9 892.6 896.6 -32.9 -3.5

Information

91.2 85.7 84.4 84.8 -6.4 -7.0

Financial activities

320.9 300.5 298.9 300.5 -20.4 -6.4

Professional and business services

747.8 693.5 696.0 702.4 -45.4 -6.1

Education and health services

604.5 610.9 612.1 606.4 1.9 0.3

Leisure and hospitality

431.5 390.6 403.5 412.3 -19.2 -4.4

Other services

202.6 196.7 197.7 200.5 -2.1 -1.0

Government

575.7 571.2 572.9 569.2 -6.5 -1.1

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX

 

Total nonfarm

3,005.5 2,935.3 2,946.4 2,947.2 -58.3 -1.9

Mining, logging, and construction

198.8 186.6 186.9 188.6 -10.2 -5.1

Manufacturing

288.0 277.5 276.5 274.0 -14.0 -4.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

628.4 609.7 609.6 608.0 -20.4 -3.2

Information

88.6 85.6 85.1 84.4 -4.2 -4.7

Financial activities

237.6 231.0 231.4 232.6 -5.0 -2.1

Professional and business services

457.5 426.7 426.3 425.9 -31.6 -6.9

Education and health services

326.2 340.7 345.4 347.6 21.4 6.6

Leisure and hospitality

292.6 285.4 288.8 291.3 -1.3 -0.4

Other services

107.9 98.9 102.5 103.4 -4.5 -4.2

Government

379.9 393.2 393.9 391.4 11.5 3.0

Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI

 

Total nonfarm

1,942.7 1,770.0 1,773.8 1,767.3 -175.4 -9.0

Mining, logging, and construction

69.1 49.6 53.7 55.1 -14.0 -20.3

Manufacturing

245.4 195.5 185.7 182.6 -62.8 -25.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

360.9 336.4 337.5 338.4 -22.5 -6.2

Information

32.5 29.7 29.7 29.3 -3.2 -9.8

Financial activities

108.4 99.3 99.1 99.7 -8.7 -8.0

Professional and business services

345.1 295.2 297.3 294.8 -50.3 -14.6

Education and health services

281.5 283.5 284.2 281.5 0.0 0.0

Leisure and hospitality

188.5 174.5 180.8 182.0 -6.5 -3.4

Other services

88.1 85.3 84.5 84.9 -3.2 -3.6

Government

223.2 221.0 221.3 219.0 -4.2 -1.9

Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX

 

Total nonfarm

2,620.5 2,553.8 2,548.7 2,550.9 -69.6 -2.7

Mining and logging

90.4 89.9 89.5 89.7 -0.7 -0.8

Construction

206.2 190.9 188.8 188.7 -17.5 -8.5

Manufacturing

243.2 232.8 228.8 230.0 -13.2 -5.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

533.9 514.2 510.6 507.8 -26.1 -4.9

Information

36.8 35.3 35.3 35.2 -1.6 -4.3

Financial activities

144.6 141.0 140.8 141.7 -2.9 -2.0

Professional and business services

387.5 365.4 364.0 370.3 -17.2 -4.4

Education and health services

284.8 290.4 291.1 291.1 6.3 2.2

Leisure and hospitality

242.5 231.8 236.9 238.4 -4.1 -1.7

Other services

93.8 89.9 90.8 92.0 -1.8 -1.9

Government

356.8 372.2 372.1 366.0 9.2 2.6

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA

 

Total nonfarm

5,603.2 5,367.2 5,357.7 5,344.1 -259.1 -4.6

Mining and logging

5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 -0.1 -2.0

Construction

239.2 204.6 205.3 206.4 -32.8 -13.7

Manufacturing

613.4 566.2 565.4 564.1 -49.3 -8.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,078.6 1,016.4 1,018.0 1,017.3 -61.3 -5.7

Information

248.6 231.4 225.3 222.5 -26.1 -10.5

Financial activities

351.5 333.9 333.6 333.8 -17.7 -5.0

Professional and business services

857.1 813.5 809.4 809.2 -47.9 -5.6

Education and health services

644.8 669.9 668.1 656.8 12.0 1.9

Leisure and hospitality

590.3 556.8 560.6 563.3 -27.0 -4.6

Other services

196.0 190.1 190.3 190.8 -5.2 -2.7

Government

778.7 779.5 776.8 775.0 -3.7 -0.5

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL

 

Total nonfarm

2,348.5 2,295.4 2,289.1 2,252.1 -96.4 -4.1

Mining and logging

0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 -0.1 -14.3

Construction

137.1 111.6 112.2 112.1 -25.0 -18.2

Manufacturing

93.7 87.4 86.9 86.5 -7.2 -7.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

542.1 525.3 522.2 521.2 -20.9 -3.9

Information

51.0 48.4 48.5 48.1 -2.9 -5.7

Financial activities

172.9 164.9 164.4 164.2 -8.7 -5.0

Professional and business services

358.3 341.4 341.8 341.4 -16.9 -4.7

Education and health services

327.0 330.2 330.1 329.0 2.0 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

259.4 254.1 251.0 247.2 -12.2 -4.7

Other services

104.1 102.0 101.9 101.4 -2.7 -2.6

Government

302.2 329.5 329.5 300.4 -1.8 -0.6

New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA

 

Total nonfarm

8,717.3 8,387.8 8,429.0 8,490.4 -226.9 -2.6

Mining, logging, and constructionn

371.7 327.0 331.8 337.8 -33.9 -9.1

Manufacturing

434.8 396.6 397.1 399.2 -35.6 -8.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,622.0 1,534.4 1,539.9 1,551.0 -71.0 -4.4

Information

287.2 275.1 271.7 272.4 -14.8 -5.2

Financial activities

795.7 752.5 750.2 750.6 -45.1 -5.7

Professional and business services

1,340.7 1,259.9 1,264.1 1,277.1 -63.6 -4.7

Education and health services

1,465.5 1,511.0 1,506.4 1,499.7 34.2 2.3

Leisure and hospitality

702.5 647.1 678.3 706.4 3.9 0.6

Other services

380.4 371.6 375.6 381.9 1.5 0.4

Government

1,316.8 1,312.6 1,313.9 1,314.3 -2.5 -0.2

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD

 

Total nonfarm

2,836.0 2,739.1 2,748.1 2,740.0 -96.0 -3.4

Mining, logging, and construction

128.7 107.2 108.6 110.0 -18.7 -14.5

Manufacturing

219.5 204.1 204.1 203.6 -15.9 -7.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

528.9 504.4 507.2 508.7 -20.2 -3.8

Information

57.5 54.9 54.6 54.2 -3.3 -5.7

Financial activities

218.7 209.7 209.1 210.2 -8.5 -3.9

Professional and business services

435.7 410.4 414.8 411.6 -24.1 -5.5

Education and health services

529.1 548.3 543.9 533.0 3.9 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

236.0 216.5 223.6 226.2 -9.8 -4.2

Other services

125.1 122.1 122.9 124.0 -1.1 -0.9

Government

356.8 361.5 359.3 358.5 1.7 0.5

San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA

 

Total nonfarm

2,042.9 1,952.1 1,948.9 1,946.1 -96.8 -4.7

Mining and logging

1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 -0.1 -7.1

Construction

111.2 93.4 92.0 92.6 -18.6 -16.7

Manufacturing

136.7 129.3 128.9 128.7 -8.0 -5.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

356.3 333.7 333.8 332.4 -23.9 -6.7

Information

68.1 65.2 64.9 64.5 -3.6 -5.3

Financial activities

145.1 134.6 134.3 134.6 -10.5 -7.2

Professional and business services

373.7 358.9 358.1 358.7 -15.0 -4.0

Education and health services

233.3 237.4 236.8 234.7 1.4 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

220.8 206.8 208.5 210.3 -10.5 -4.8

Other services

76.4 72.8 73.1 73.3 -3.1 -4.1

Government

319.9 318.6 317.1 315.0 -4.9 -1.5

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV

 

Total nonfarm

3,031.9 2,973.2 2,985.8 2,989.4 -42.5 -1.4

Mining, logging, and construction

175.8 156.0 157.6 158.6 -17.2 -9.8

Manufacturing

61.2 58.5 58.2 58.4 -2.8 -4.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

401.6 381.7 384.2 387.7 -13.9 -3.5

Information

92.0 86.3 86.3 86.1 -5.9 -6.4

Financial activities

155.9 148.7 148.5 148.6 -7.3 -4.7

Professional and business services

689.4 688.4 689.7 693.4 4.0 0.6

Education and health services

334.7 346.2 342.5 337.4 2.7 0.8

Leisure and hospitality

274.9 255.3 264.5 269.4 -5.5 -2.0

Other services

186.6 184.2 183.3 185.1 -1.5 -0.8

Government

659.8 667.9 671.0 664.7 4.9 0.7

 (p) preliminary


 

Last Modified Date: August 6, 2009