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Risk of Pancreatic Cancer Linked to Variation in Gene that Determines Blood Type
(Posted: 08/02/2009) - Common variants of the gene that determines human blood type are associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, according to a study by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, and colleagues from many universities and research institutions. The study, published online Aug. 2, 2009, in Nature Genetics, is consistent with an observation first made more than 50 years ago.
Racial Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality Are Not Driven by Estrogen Receptor Status Alone
(Posted: 07/07/2009) - Black women who are diagnosed with breast cancer have a higher probability of dying from the disease than white women, regardless of their estrogen receptor status. Differences in breast cancer mortality may reflect racial differences in access and response to innovative breast cancer treatments, as well as other biological and non-biological factors.
News Notes: Study Documents How HIV May Have Spread to Human Populations
(Posted: 07/03/2009) - Researchers at NCI and other institutes have documented how a mutation in an African population may have made them susceptible to infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and related viruses. This finding may indicate how HIV first jumped into human populations and also yield clues about how viral infections can lead to certain types of cancer.
News Notes: Two Proteins May Be Key to Screening for Early-Stage Liver Cancer
(Posted: 07/01/2009) - Researchers have identified an improved method of screening high-risk patients for one of the most common types of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly if the patient has a history of hepatitis. By changing the threshold of one commonly used screening test and adding a second, complementary test, researchers were able to accurately identify more early stage HCC cases.
Imaging Technique Allows Researchers to Monitor Protein Changes in Mouse Tumors
(Posted: 07/01/2009) - A new imaging technique can monitor, in living mice, the HER2 protein found in above-normal amounts in many cases of breast cancer as well as some ovarian, prostate and lung cancers. This new approach, once validated in mice and pending further experiments, could provide a real-time noninvasive method for identifying tumors in humans who express HER2 and who would be candidates for targeted therapy directed against this protein. It may also provide real-time information that will help clinicians optimize treatment for individual patients. The study, published in the July 2009 issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, was conducted by researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, both parts of the National Institutes of Health.
Second Gene Linked to Familial Testicular Cancer
(Posted: 06/29/2009) - Specific variations or mutations in a particular can gene raise a man's risk of familial, or inherited, testicular germ-cell cancer, the most common form of this disease, according to new research by scientists at the National Institutes of Health. This is only the second gene to be identified that affects the risk of familial testicular cancer, and the first gene in a key biochemical pathway.
New Biomarker Method Could Increase the Number of Diagnostic Tests for Cancer
(Posted: 06/28/2009) - A team of researchers has demonstrated that a new method for detecting and quantifying protein biomarkers in body fluids may ultimately make it possible to screen multiple biomarkers in hundreds of patient samples, thus ensuring that only the strongest biomarker candidates will advance down the development pipeline. The researchers have developed a method with the potential to increase accuracy in detecting real cancer biomarkers that is highly reproducible across laboratories and a variety of instruments so that cancer can be caught in its earliest stages.
Researchers Identify a Novel Mechanism that Could be Targeted to Prevent Cancer Spread
(Posted: 06/25/2009) - Researchers have discovered a key to the function of a specific protein that helps control the levels of other critical proteins within cells, including a protein that suppresses the spread of cancer. The new information about the mechanism of action of the protein, called gp78, may enable researchers to explore new types of therapies to prevent the spread of cancer. The study, by researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, was published in the June 26, 2009, issue of Molecular Cell.
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