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Pacific Cod Research

image of pacific cod

Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), also known as grey cod, are moderately fast growing and relatively short-lived fish, with a maximum age of approximately 18 years.Females reach 50% maturity at 4.4 years in the Gulf of Alaska and 4.9 years in the eastern Bering Sea (Stark, 2007).  Total body length at 50% maturity was significantly smaller (503 mm) in the Gulf of Alaska than in the eastern Bering Sea (580 mm).  Similarly, Pacific cod females grow significantly faster in the Bering Sea than in the Gulf of Alaska.  Males reach a smaller maximum length in the Gulf of Alaska than females; in contrast, Bering Sea males reach a similar maximum length as females.  Pacific cod are highly fecund and can produce up to 5.7 million ova each year.

Cod are demersal and concentrate on the shelf edge and upper slope (100-250 m) in the winter and move to shallower waters (<100 m) in the summer. Cod prey on clams, worms, crabs, shrimp, and juvenile fish. In turn, they are eaten by halibut and marine mammals. Pacific cod are taken with trawl, longline, pot, and jig gear. Cod begin to recruit to trawl fisheries at age 3, but are not fully recruited to all gear types until about age 7.

Pacific cod are managed under two Fishery Management Plans: one for the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands region and the other for the Gulf of Alaska region. The Fishery Management Plans control the fishery through permits and limited entry, catch quotas, gear restrictions, closed waters, seasons, bycatch limits and rates, and other measures.

During 2007, pollock made up 71.3% of the average groundfish catch off Alaska.  The pollock catch for 2007 was 1.41 million metric tons (t), down approximately 9.7% from 2006.

The next major species, Pacific cod, accounted for 225,092 t or 11.0% of the total 2007 groundfish catch.  The Pacific cod catch was down about 6.3% from a year earlier.

The 2007 catch of flatfish, which includes yellowfin sole, rock sole, and arrowtooth flounder was 255,931 t, up about 10.6% from 2006.

Other important species are sablefish (0.7%), rockfish (1.9%), and Atka mackerel (2.9%).


Recent Pacific Cod Publications, Poster Presentations, & Research Activities

  • ORMSETH, O. A., and B. L. NORCROSS. 2009. Causes and consequences of life-history variation in North American stocks of Pacific cod. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 66:349-357. 
     
  • CONNERS, M. E., and P. MUNRO. 2008. Effects of commercial fishing on local abundance of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the Bering Sea. Fish. Bull., U.S. 106:281-292. (.pdf, 948KB)  Online.
     
  • STONER, A. W., B. J. LAUREL, and T. P. HURST. 2008. Using a baited camera to assess relative abundance of juvenile Pacific cod: Field and laboratory trials. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 354:202-211. 
     
  • LAUREL, B. J., A. W. STONER, C. H. RYER, T. P. HURST, and A. A. ABOOKIRE. 2007. Comparative habitat associations in juvenile Pacific cod and other gadids using seines, baited cameras and laboratory techniques. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 351:42-55. 
     
  • NICHOL, D. 2007. Archival tagging of Atka mackerel, Pacific cod, and flatfish in the Aleutians, Gulf of Alaska, and eastern Bering Sea, p. 41-42. In P. Sheridan, J. W. Ferguson, and S. L. Dowling (editors), Report of the National Marine Fisheries Service Workshop on Advancing Electronic Tag Technologies and Their Use in Stock Assessments. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-82. 
     
  • NICHOL, D. G., T. HONKALEHTO, and G. G. THOMPSON. 2007. Proximity of Pacific cod to the sea floor: Using archival tags to estimate fish availability to research bottom trawls. Fish. Res. 86:129-135. 
     
  • Estimating Pacific Cod Movement: Design of a Mark-Recapture Experiment on a Large Geographic Scale
    By:  PETER MUNRO, YUNBING SHI, DON GUNDERSON, DAN URBAN
    Conference:  Alaska Marine Science Symposium, Anchorage, AK, Jan 2009
    (2009 poster, .pdf, 6.47MB)   Online.
     
  • Reproductive Potential of Pacific Cod in Alaska
    By:  OLAV A. ORMSETH, BRENDA NORCROSS
    Conference:  American Fisheries Society, 138th Annual Meeting, Ottawa, ON, Aug 2008
    (2008 poster, .pdf, 564KB)   Online.
     
  • Tagging Pacific Cod Caught by Longlining: A Feasibility Cruise

  • GOA Pacific Cod (Groundfish Stock Assessment Summaries for 2009)

  • BSAI Pacific Cod (Groundfish Stock Assessment Summaries for 2009)

  • Temporal and Ontogenetic Shifts in Habitat Use by Juvenile Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

  • Light, Temperature, and Food Control the Vertical Distribution of Juvenile Pacific Cod

  • AFSC Hosts Pacific Cod Technical Workshop

  • Additional publications, posters, and reports.
     
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