modify the search in some way, or even tell the search engine to do a totally different type of search. For instance, "link:" is a special operator, and the query [link.www.nmfs.noaa.gov] doesn't do a normal search but instead finds all web pages that have links to www.nmfs.noaa.gov.

Several of the more common operators use punctuation instead of words, or do not require a colon. Among these operators are OR, "" (the quote operator), - (the minus operator), and + (the plus operator). More information on these types of operators is available on the Basics of Search page.

Many of these special operators are accessible from the Advanced Search page, but some are not. Below is a list of all the special operators the search engine supports.

The query [cache:] will show the version of the web page that the search engine has in its cache. For instance, [cache:www.nmfs.noaa.gov] will show the search engine's cache of the NMFS homepage. Note there can be no space between the "cache:" and the web page url.

If you include other words in the query, the search engine will highlight those words within the cached document. For instance, [cache:www.nmfs.noaa.gov web] will show the cached content with the word "web" highlighted.

This functionality is also accessible by clicking on the "Cached" link on the search engine's main results page.

link:

The query [link:] will list webpages that have links to the specified webpage. For instance, [link:www.nmfs.noaa.gov] will list webpages that have links pointing to the NMFS homepage. Note there can be no space between the "link:" and the web page url.

related

The query [related] will list webpages that are "si,ilar" to the specified webpages. For instance, [related:www.nmfs.noaa.gov] will list web pages that are similar to the NMFS homepage. Note there can be no space between the "related:" and the web page url.

This functionality is also accessible by clicking on the "Similar Pages" link on the search engine's main results page.

info:

The query [info:] will present some information that the search engine has about that web page. For instance, [info:www.nmfs.noaa.gov] will show information about the NMFS homepage. Note there can be no space between the "info:" and the web page url.

This functionality is also accessible by typing the web page url directly into a search box.

The query [define:] will provide a definition of the words you enter after it, gathered from various online sources. The definition will be for the entire phrase entered (i.e., it will include all the words in the exact order you typed them).

stocks:

If you begin a query with the [stocks:] operator, the search engine will treat the rest of the query terms as stock ticker symbols, and will link to a page showing stock information for those symbols. For instance, [stock: intc yhoo] will show information about Intel and Yahoo. (Note you must type the ticker symbols, not the company name.)

This functionality is also available if you search just on the stock symbols (e.g. [ intc yhoo ]) and then click on the "Show stock quotes " link on the results page.

If you include [site:] in your query, the search engine will restrict the results to those websites in the given domain. For instance, [help site:www.nmfs.noaa.gov] will find pages about help within www.nmfs.noaa.gov. [help site:com] will find pages about help within .com urls. Note there can be no space between the "site:" and the domain.

allintitle:

If you start a query with [allintitle:], The search engine will restrict the results to those with all of the query words in the title. For instance, [allintitle: NMFS search] will return only documents that have both "NMFS" and "search" in the title.

intitle:

If you include [intitle:] in your query, the search engine will restrict the results to documents containing that word in the title. For instance, [intitle:NMFS search] will return documents that mention the word "NMFS" in their title, and mention the word "search" anywhere in the document (title or no). Note there can be no space between the "intitle:" and the following word.

Putting [intitle:] in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting [allintitle:] at the front of your query: [intitle:NMFS intitle:search] is the same as [allintitle: NMFS search].

allinurl:

If you start a query with [allinurl:], the search engine will restrict the results to those with all of the query words in the url. For instance, [allinurl: NMFS search] will return only documents that have both "NMFS" and "search" in the url.

Note that [allinurl:] works on words, not url components. In particular, it ignores punctuation. Thus, [allinurl: foo/bar] will restrict the results to page with the words "foo" and "bar" in the url, but won't require that they be separated by a slash within that url, that they be adjacent, or that they be in that particular word order. There is currently no way to enforce these constraints.

inurl:

If you include [inurl:] in your query, the search engine will restrict the results to documents containing that word in the url. For instance, [inurl:NMFS search] will return documents that mention the word "NMFS" in their url, and mention the word "search" anywhere in the document (url or no). Note there can be no space between the "inurl:" and the following word.

Putting "inurl:" in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting "allinurl:" at the front of your query: [inurl:NMFS inurl:search] is the same as [allinurl: NMFS search].