Training Manual
FOR MENTAL HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICE WORKERS
IN MAJOR DISASTERS
second edition
Department of Health and Human Services
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Center for Mental Health Services
This publication was produced under an interagency agreement between the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Portland Ridley served as CMHS publications and -editorial coordinator.
Copies are available at no charge from the Center for Mental Health Services:
SAMHSA's National Mental Health Information Center
P.O. Box 42557
Washington, D.C. 20015
Toll-Free Information Line 1-800-789-2647
(TDD) 866-889-2647
FAX 240-747-5470
Website mentalhealth.samhsa.gov
All material appearing in this volume, except quoted passages from copyright sources, is in the public domain and may be produced or copied without the permission from the Administration or the -authors. Citation of the source is appreciated.
DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-538
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Printed 2000
Author
Deborah J. DeWolfe, Ph.D., M.S.P.H.
Editor
Diana Nordboe, M.Ed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A special thanks to the following disaster mental health experts for their thoughtful reviews and invaluable comments. Their contributions have greatly enhanced this Manual.
David Clough, M.P.H.
Public Health Advisor
Emergency Services and Disaster Relief Branch
Division of Program Development, Special Populations and Projects
Center for Mental Health Services
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Mary Elizabeth Nelson, M.S.W.
Chief
Emergency Services and Disaster Relief Branch
Division of Program Development, Special Populations and Projects
Center for Mental Health Services
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Bob Benedetto, D.P.A., L.C.S.W.
Disaster Coordinator
Ventura County Behavioral Health
State of California
Holly Finan, M.A.
Disaster Mental Health Coordinator
State of Washington
Anthony H. Speier, Ph.D.
Disaster Consultant
Director of Community Services
Office of Mental Health
State of Louisiana
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Return to Emergency Services
PREFACE
SECTION 1: BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW
Purpose of the Manual
Overview of Resources
SECTION 2: RESPONSES TO DISASTER
Characteristics of Disasters
Survivor/"Person" Characteristics
Disaster Relief Efforts
Phases of Disaster
Key Concepts of Disaster Mental Health
References and Recommended Reading
SECTION 3: DISASTER REACTIONS OF POTENTIAL RISK GROUPS
Common Needs and Reactions
Age Groups
Disaster Reactions and Intervention Suggestions
Cultural and Ethnic Groups
Socioeconomic Groups
People with Serious and Persistent Mental Illness
Human Service and Disaster Relief Workers
References and Recommended Reading
SECTION 4: STRESS PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
Organizational Context
Individual Context
Stress Prevention and Management Methods
Organizational Approaches for Stress Prevention
and Management
Individual Approaches for Stress Prevention
and Management
Signs and Symptoms of Worker Stress
Rewards and Joys of Disaster Work
References and Recommended Reading
SECTION 5: SETTING UP DISASTER MENTAL HEALTH
SERVICES TRAINING
Initial Start-up Training
Comprehensive Disaster Mental Health Training
Setting Up the Training
SECTION 6: COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING COURSE OUTLINE
Course Overview
Disaster Mental Health Course Outline
- Introduction
- Disaster Information
- Organizational Disaster Response Network
- Phases of Reactions to Disaster
- Adult Reactions to Disaster
- Disaster Mental Health Interventions
- Children in Disaster
- Special Populations in Disaster
- Planning Workgroups
- Stress Prevention and Management
- Program Implementation
Overheads
Handouts
Disaster Mental Health Course Objectives
Age-Specific Interventions for Children in Disaster
Special Concerns of Older Adults in Disaster
Cultural Sensitivity and Disaster
Planning Workgroup
Common Disaster Worker Stress Reactions
Professional Self-Care
Videotapes
References
SECTION 7: ADDITIONAL TRAINING NEEDS AND OPTIONS
Training for Paraprofessional Staff
Training for Human Service Workers
Topics and Considerations for In-service Training
NEXT
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