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Objectives and Subobjectives
Goal: Promote health for
all through a healthy environment.
As a result of the Healthy People 2010 Midcourse
Review, changes were made to the Healthy People 2010 objectives and subobjectives.
These changes are specific to the following
situations:
-
Changes in
the wording of an objective to more accurately describe what is being
measured.
-
Changes to
reflect a different data source or new science.
-
Changes
resulting from the establishment of a baseline and a target (that is, when a
formerly developmental objective or subobjective became measurable).
-
Deletion of
an objective or subobjective that lacked a data source.
-
Correction of errors and omissions in Healthy People 2010.
Revised baselines and targets for measurable objectives and
subobjectives do not fall into any of the above categories and, thus, are not
considered a midcourse review change.1
When changes were made to an objective, three
sections are displayed:
-
In the
Original Objective section, the objective as published in Healthy People 2010 in
2000 is shown.
-
In the
Objective With Revisions section, strikethrough indicates text deleted, and
underlining is used to show new text.
-
In the Revised Objective section, the objective appears as revised
as a result of the midcourse review.
Details of the objectives and subobjectives in this
focus area, including any changes made at the midcourse, appear on the
following pages.
1See Technical Appendix for more information on baseline and target revisions.
Outdoor Air Quality
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
(Data updated and footnoted)
|
8-1. |
Reduce
the proportion of persons exposed to air that does not meet the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s health-based standards for harmful air
pollutants.
Target and baseline:
Objective |
Reduction
in Air Pollutants |
1997
Baseline
Percent |
2010
Target
Percent |
8-1a. |
Ozone* |
43 |
0 |
8-1b. |
Particulate
matter*† |
12 |
0 |
8-1c. |
Carbon
monoxide |
|
0 |
8-1d. |
Nitrogen
dioxide |
5 |
0 |
8-1e. |
Sulfur
dioxide |
2 |
0 |
8-1f. |
Lead |
< 1 |
0 |
|
|
Number |
Number |
8-1g. |
Total
number of people |
|
0 |
* The targets of zero percent for ozone and
particulate matter are set for 2012 and 2018, respectively.
† PM10 is the only particulate
size measured in the current data source.
Target
setting method:
Consistent
with the Clean Air Act (Public Law 101-549).
Data
source:
Aerometric
Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA, OAR.
Note:
For the purpose of this
objective, EPA is counting persons living in nonattainment areas only.
1 Baseline revised from 19 after November
2000 publication.
2 Baseline revised from 119,803,000 after
November 2000 publication.
|
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-2. |
Increase
use of alternative modes of transportation to reduce motor vehicle emissions
and improve the Nation’s air quality.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Increase
in Use of Alternative Modes of Transportation |
1995
Baseline
Percent |
2010
Target
Percent |
8-2a. |
Trips
made by bicycling |
0.9 |
1.8 |
8-2b. |
Trips
made by walking |
5.4 |
10.8 |
8-2c. |
Trips
made by transit |
1.8 |
3.6 |
8-2d. |
Persons
who telecommute |
Developmental |
Developmental |
Target
setting method: Consistent
with the goal of the National Bicycling and Walking Study, U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT).
Data
source: Nationwide
Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS), U.S. Department of
Transportation. |
OBJECTIVE WITH REVISIONS
|
8-2. |
Increase
use of alternative modes of transportation to reduce motor vehicle emissions
and improve the Nation’s air quality.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Increase
in Use of Alternative Modes of Transportation |
1995
Baseline (unless noted)
Percent |
2010
Target
Percent |
8-2a. |
Trips
made by bicycling |
0.9 |
1.8 |
8-2b. |
Trips
made by walking |
5.4 |
10.8 |
8-2c. |
Trips
made by transit |
1.8 |
3.6 |
8-2d. |
Persons
who telecommute |
2.0 (2001) Developmental |
4.0 |
Target
setting method:
Consistent
with the goal of the National Bicycling and Walking Study, U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT).
Data
source:
Nationwide
Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS), U.S. Department of
Transportation.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-2. |
Increase
use of alternative modes of transportation to reduce motor vehicle emissions
and improve the Nation’s air quality.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Increase
in Use of Alternative Modes of Transportation |
1995
Baseline
(unless noted)
Percent |
2010
Target
Percent |
8-2a. |
Trips
made by bicycling |
0.9 |
1.8 |
8-2b. |
Trips
made by walking |
5.4 |
10.8 |
8-2c. |
Trips
made by transit |
1.8 |
3.6 |
8-2d. |
Persons
who telecommute |
2.0 (2001) |
4.0 |
Target
setting method: Consistent
with the goal of the National Bicycling and Walking Study, U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT).
Data
source: National Household
Travel Survey (NHTS), U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT).
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
(Data updated and footnoted)
|
8-3. |
Improve
the Nation’s air quality by increasing the use of cleaner alternative fuels.
Target:
81 percent.
Baseline:
Cleaner alternative fuels represented 0.82
percent of U.S. motor fuel consumption in 1997.
Target
setting method:
10-fold
improvement.
Data
source:
Alternatives to
Traditional Transportation Fuels, U.S. Department of Energy, Energy
Information Administration.
1 Target revised from 30 because of
baseline revision after November 2000 publication.
2 Baseline revised from 2.7 after
November 2000 publication.
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-4. |
Reduce
air toxic emissions to decrease the risk of adverse health effects caused by
airborne toxics.
Target:
2.0 million tons.
Baseline:
8.1 million tons of air toxics were
released into the air in 1993.
Target
setting method:
75 percent
improvement.
Data
source:
U.S. National
Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), EPA.
|
Water Quality
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
(Data
updated and footnoted)
|
8-5. |
Increase
the proportion of persons served by community water systems who receive a
supply of drinking water that meets the regulations of the Safe Drinking
Water Act.
Target:
95 percent.
Baseline:
841 percent of persons served
by community water systems received drinking water that met SDWA (Public Law
93-523) regulations in 1995.
Target
setting method:
Consistent
with EPA’s 2003–08 Strategic Plan.
Data
sources:
Potable Water
Surveillance System (PWSS) and Safe Drinking Water Information System
(SDWIS), EPA.
1 Baseline revised from 85 after November
2000 publication.
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-6. |
Reduce
waterborne disease outbreaks arising from water intended for drinking among
persons served by community water systems.
Target:
2 outbreaks.
Baseline:
6 outbreaks per year originated from
community water systems (1987–96 average).
Target
setting method:
67 percent
improvement.
Data
sources:
State Reporting
Systems, CDC, NCID; “CDC Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks—United
States, 1987–2002.” Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), outbreaks associated with
drinking water, biennial reports, beginning in 1987.
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-7. |
Reduce
per capita domestic water withdrawals.
Target:
90.9 gallons.
Baseline:
101 gallons of domestic water per capita
per day were withdrawn in 1995.
Target
setting method:
10 percent
improvement.
Data
source: U.S. Department of
Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Reports on the Estimated Use of
Water in the United States.
|
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-8. |
(Developmental)
Increase the proportion of assessed rivers, lakes, and estuaries that are
safe for fishing and recreational purposes.
Potential
data source:
Clean Water
Act (Public Law 92-500), Section 305-b Report, EPA.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-8. |
(Developmental)
Increase the proportion of assessed rivers, lakes, and estuaries that are
safe for fishing and recreational purposes.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Increase in Proportion of
Assessed Rivers, Lakes, and
Estuaries That Are Safe for Fishing and Recreational Purposes |
2000
Baseline
Percent Assessed
Good1 |
2010
Target
Percent Assessed
Good1 |
8-8a. |
Rivers and streams |
55 |
58 |
8-8b. |
Lakes, ponds, and
reservoirs |
63 |
66 |
Target
setting method:
5
percent improvement, consistent with EPA’s 2003–08 Strategic Plan.
Potential
dData
source:
National Water
Quality Inventory Reports, Clean Water Act (Public Law 92-500),
Section 305-b Report, EPA, Office of Water.
1 Good is defined by EPA as fully
supporting all of the following uses or fully supporting all uses but
threatened for one or more uses:
aquatic life support, fish consumption, primary contact [swimming],
secondary contact [boating], drinking water supply, and agriculture.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-8. |
Increase
the proportion of assessed rivers, lakes, and estuaries that are safe for
fishing and recreational purposes.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Increase in Proportion of
Assessed Rivers, Lakes, and Estuaries That Are Safe for Fishing and
Recreational Purposes |
2000
Baseline
Percent Assessed
Good1 |
2010
Target
Percent Assessed
Good1 |
8-8a. |
Rivers and streams |
55 |
58 |
8-8b. |
Lakes, ponds, and reservoirs |
63 |
66 |
Target
setting method: 20 percent
improvement, consistent with EPA’s 2003–08 Strategic Plan.
Data
source: National Water
Quality Inventory Reports, EPA, Office of Water.
1 Good is defined by EPA as fully
supporting all of the following uses or fully supporting all uses but
threatened for one or more uses:
aquatic life support, fish consumption, primary contact [swimming],
secondary contact [boating], drinking water supply, and agriculture. |
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-9. |
(Developmental)
Reduce the number of beach closings that result from the presence of harmful
bacteria.
Potential
data source:
EPA Beach
Program.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-9. |
Increase
the proportion of days that beaches are open and safe for swimming.
(Developmental) Reduce the number of
beach closings that result from the presence of harmful bacteria.
Target:
98 percent.
Baseline:
For the coastal recreation and Great Lakes
beaches monitored by State beach safety programs, 94 percent of beach
season days were open and safe for swimming in 2002.
Target
setting method:
Consistent
with EPA’s 2003–08 Strategic Plan.
Potential
dData
source:
BEACH Program,
EPA, Office of Water.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-9. |
Increase
the proportion of days that beaches are open and safe for swimming.
Target:
98 percent.
Baseline: For the coastal recreation and Great Lakes
beaches monitored by State beach safety programs, 94 percent of beach season
days were open and safe for swimming in 2002.
Target
setting method: Consistent
with EPA’s 2003–08 Strategic Plan.
Data
source: BEACH Program,
EPA, Office of Water.
|
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-10. |
(Developmental)
Reduce the potential human exposure to persistent chemicals by decreasing
fish contaminant levels.
Potential
data sources:
U.S.
Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and USGS.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-10. |
(Developmental)
Reduce the potential human exposure to persistent chemicals by decreasing
fish contaminant levels.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Reduction in Advisories
About Potential Human Exposure to
Persistent Chemicals in Sport Fish |
2002
Baseline
Percent Under
Advisories |
2010
Target
Percent Under
Advisories |
8-10a. |
River miles |
15.3 |
13.8 |
8-10b. |
Lake acreage |
32.9 |
29.6 |
Target
setting method:
10
percent improvement, consistent with EPA’s 2003–08 Strategic Plan.
Potential
dData
sources:
National
Listing of Fish Advisories, EPA, Office of Water, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
USGS..
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-10. |
Reduce
the potential human exposure to persistent chemicals by decreasing fish
contaminant levels.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Reduction in Advisories
About Potential Human Exposure to Persistent Chemicals in Sport Fish |
2002
Baseline
Percent Under
Advisories |
2010
Target
Percent Under
Advisories |
8-10a. |
River miles |
15.3 |
13.8 |
8-10b. |
Lake acreage |
32.9 |
29.6 |
Target
setting method: 10 percent
improvement, consistent with EPA’s 2003–08 Strategic Plan.
Data
source: National Listing
of Fish Advisories, EPA, Office of Water. |
Toxics and Waste
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-11. |
Eliminate
elevated blood lead levels in children.
Target:
Zero percent.
Baseline:
4.4 percent of children aged 1 to 5 years
had blood lead levels exceeding 10 µg/dL during 1991–94.
Target
setting method:
Total
elimination.
Data
source:
National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS.
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-12. |
Minimize
the risks to human health and the environment posed by hazardous sites.
Target:
98 percent of sites on the following
lists:
8-12a. |
National Priority List sites |
8-12b. |
Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act facilities |
8-12c. |
Leaking underground storage
facilities |
8-12d. |
Brownfield properties |
Baseline:
1,200 National Priority List sites; 2,475
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act facilities; 370,000 leaking
underground storage facilities; 1,500 brownfield properties in 1998.
Target
setting method:
Consistent
with EPA’s 1997 Strategic Plan.
Data
source: Comprehensive
Environmental Response and Cleanup Liability Information System (CERCLIS),
EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER).
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
(Data updated and footnoted)
|
8-13. |
Reduce
pesticide exposures that result in visits to a health care facility.
Target:
11,3981 visits per year.
Baseline:
22,9332 visits to health care
facilities were due to pesticides in 1997.
(A total of 172,0883 pesticide exposures were documented in
1997.)
Target
setting method:
50.3
percent improvement.
Data
source:
Toxic Exposure
Surveillance System (TESS), American Association of Poison Control
Centers.
1 Target revised from 13,500 because of
baseline revision after November 2000 publication.
2 Baseline revised from 27,156 after
November 2000 publication.
3 Total revised from 129,592 after
November 2000 publication.
|
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-14. |
(Developmental)
Reduce the amount of toxic pollutants released, disposed of, treated, or used
for energy recovery.
Potential
data source:
U.S. National
Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), EPA.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-14. |
(Developmental)
Reduce the amount of toxic pollutants generated and released ,
disposed of, treated, or used for energy recoveryto the environment.
8-14a. |
Reduce the amount of
toxic chemicals in production-related waste (“Green Index”) |
8-14b. |
Reduce the amount of
toxic chemicals released to the environment (“Clean Index”) |
Potential
data source:
U.S. National Toxics Release Inventory
(TRI), EPA.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-14. |
(Developmental)
Reduce the amount of toxic pollutants generated and released to the
environment.
8-14a. |
Reduce the amount of toxic
chemicals in production-related waste (“Green Index”) |
8-14b. |
Reduce the amount of toxic
chemicals released to the environment (“Clean Index”) |
Potential
data source:
U.S. National
Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), EPA.
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-15. |
Increase
recycling of municipal solid waste.
Target:
38 percent.
Baseline:
27 percent of total municipal solid waste
generated was recycled in 1996 (includes composting).
Target
setting method:
Consistent
with the EPA’s 1997 Strategic Plan.
Data
source:
Characterization
of Municipal Solid Waste, EPA, Office of Surface Waste.
|
Healthy Homes and Healthy Communities
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-16. |
Reduce
indoor allergen levels.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Allergen |
1998–99
Baseline
Number of Homes
(in millions) |
2010
Target
Number of Homes
(in millions) |
8-16a. |
Group I dust mite allergens
that exceed 2 micrograms per gram of dust in the bed |
36.3 |
29.0 |
8-16b. |
Group I dust mite allergens
that exceed 10 micrograms per gram of dust in the bed |
18.6 |
14.9 |
8-16c. |
German cockroach allergens
that exceed 0.1 microgram per gram of dust in the bed |
4.7 |
3.8 |
Target
setting method: 20 percent
improvement.
Data
source: National Survey of
Lead and Allergens in Housing, NIEHS, and U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development. |
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-16. |
Reduce
indoor allergen levels.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
AllergenReduction in Proportion of Homes With Measured Allergens |
1998–99 Baseline
Number of Homes
(in millions) Percent |
2010
Target
Number of Homes
(in millions) Percent |
8-16a. |
Group I dust mite allergens
that exceed 2 micrograms per gram of dust in the bed |
36.346.2
|
29.037.0
|
8-16b. |
Group I dust mite allergens
that exceed 10 micrograms per gram of dust in the bed |
18.624.2
|
14.919.4
|
8-16c. |
German cockroach allergens
that exceed 0.1 microgram unit per gram of dust in the bed |
4.76.1
|
3.84.9
|
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-16. |
Reduce
indoor allergen levels.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Reduction in Proportion of
Homes With Measured Allergens |
1998
Baseline
Percent |
2010
Target
Percent |
8-16a. |
Group I dust mite allergens
that exceed 2 micrograms per gram of dust in the bed |
46.2 |
37.0 |
8-16b. |
Group I dust mite allergens
that exceed 10 micrograms per gram of dust in the bed |
24.2 |
19.4 |
8-16c. |
German cockroach allergens
that exceed 0.1 unit per gram of dust in the bed |
6.1 |
4.9 |
Target
setting method:
20 percent
improvement.
Data
source: National Survey of
Lead and Allergens in Housing, NIEHS, and U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development.
|
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-17. |
(Developmental)
Increase the number of office buildings that are managed using good indoor
air quality practices.
Potential
data source:
EPA, Indoor
Environment Division.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-17. |
(Developmental)
Increase the number of office buildings that are managed using good indoor
air quality practices.
Potential
data source:
Indoor
Environment DivisionBuilding Assessment
Survey and Evaluation (BASE), EPA, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-17. |
(Developmental)
Increase the number of office buildings that are managed using good indoor
air quality practices.
Potential
data source:
Building
Assessment Survey and Evaluation (BASE), EPA, Office of Radiation and Indoor
Air.
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-18. |
Increase
the proportion of persons who live in homes tested for radon concentrations.
Target:
20 percent.
Baseline:
17 percent of the population lived in
homes in 1998 that had been tested for radon (age adjusted to the year 2000
standard population).
Target
setting method:
Better
than the best.
Data
source:
National Health
Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS.
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-19. |
Increase
the number of new homes constructed to be radon resistant.
Target:
2.1 million additional new homes.
Baseline:
1.4 million new homes as of 1997.
Target
setting method:
50 percent
improvement.
Data
source:
National
Association of Home Builders Research Center Survey, National Association of
Home Builders.
|
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-20. |
(Developmental)
Increase the proportion of the Nation’s primary and secondary schools that
have official school policies ensuring the safety of students and staff from
environmental hazards, such as chemicals in special classrooms, poor indoor
air quality, asbestos, and exposure to pesticides.
Potential
data source:
School Health
Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), CDC, NCCDPHP.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-20. |
(Developmental)Increase the proportion of the Nation’s elementary, middle, junior
high, and senior highprimary and secondary schools that have
official school policies ensuring the safety of students and staff from
environmental hazards, such as chemicals in special classrooms, poor indoor
air quality, asbestos, and exposure to pesticides.
Target:
100 percent of schools having such
policies.
Baseline:
94 percent of schools had such policies
in 2000.
Target
setting method:
Total
coverage.
Potential
dData
source:
School Health
Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), CDC, NCCDPHPDASH.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-20. |
Increase
the proportion of the Nation’s elementary, middle, junior high, and senior
high schools that have official school policies ensuring the safety of
students and staff from environmental hazards, such as chemicals in special
classrooms, poor indoor air quality, asbestos, and exposure to pesticides.
Target:
100 percent of schools having such
policies.
Baseline: 94 percent of schools had such policies in
2000.
Target
setting method: Total
coverage.
Data
source: School Health
Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), CDC, DASH.
|
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-21. |
(Developmental)
Ensure that State health departments establish training, plans, and protocols
and conduct annual multi-institutional exercises to prepare for response to
natural and technological disasters.
Potential
data sources:
Association
of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO); Public Health
Foundation.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-21. |
(Developmental)Ensure that State and District of Columbia health departments
establish training, plans, and protocols and conduct annual
multi-institutional exercises to prepare for response to natural and
technological disasters.
Target:
All States and the District of
Columbia.
Baseline:
36 States had established preparedness
plans and scheduled exercises in 2003.
Target
setting method:
Total
coverage.
Potential
dData
sources:
Association of
State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO); Public Health Foundation
Division of State and Local Readiness, CDC.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-21. |
Ensure
that State and District of Columbia health departments establish training,
plans, and protocols and conduct annual multi-institutional exercises to
prepare for response to natural and technological disasters.
Target:
All States and the District of
Columbia.
Baseline:
36 States had established preparedness
plans and scheduled exercises in 2003.
Target
setting method:
Total
coverage.
Data
sources:
Association of
State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO); Division of State and Local
Readiness, CDC.
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-22. |
Increase
the proportion of persons living in pre-1950s housing that has been tested
for the presence of lead-based paint.
Target:
50 percent.
Baseline:
16 percent of persons aged 18 years and
older living in homes built before 1950 in 1998 reported that their homes had
been tested for the presence of lead-based paint (age adjusted to the year
2000 standard population).
Target
setting method:
Better than
the best.
Data
source:
National Health
Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS.
|
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-23. |
Reduce
the proportion of occupied housing units that are substandard.
Target:
3.11 percent.
Baseline:
6.52 percent of occupied U.S.
housing units had moderate or severe physical problems in 1995.
Target
setting method:
52 percent
improvement.
Data
source:
American Housing
Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
1 Target revised from 3.0 because of
baseline revision after November 2000 publication.
2 Baseline revised from 6.2 after
November 2000 publication.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-23. |
Reduce
the proportion of occupied housing units that have moderate or severe
physical problems are substandard.
Target:
3.11 percent.
Baseline:
6.52 percent of occupied U.S.
housing units had moderate or severe physical problems in 1995.
Target
setting method:
52 percent
improvement.
Data
source:
American Housing
Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
1 Target revised from 3.0 because of
baseline revision after November 2000 publication.
2 Baseline revised from 6.2 after
November 2000 publication.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-23. |
Reduce
the proportion of occupied housing units that have moderate or severe
physical problems.
Target:
3.11 percent.
Baseline:
6.52 percent of occupied U.S.
housing units had moderate or severe physical problems in 1995.
Target
setting method:
52 percent
improvement.
Data
source:
American Housing
Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
1 Target revised from 3.0 because of
baseline revision after November 2000 publication.
2 Baseline revised from 6.2 after
November 2000 publication.
|
Infrastructure and
Surveillance
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-24. |
Reduce
exposure to pesticides as measured by urine concentrations of
metabolites.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Reduction in Pesticide
Exposure as Measured by Metabolites (Pesticide) |
1988–94
Baseline *
Urine Concentration |
2010
Target
Urine Concentration |
8-24a. |
1-naphthol (carbaryl) |
36.0 μg/g
creatinine |
25.2 μg/g
creatinine |
8-24b. |
Paranitrophenol (methyl
parathion and parathions) |
3.8 μg/g
creatinine |
2.7 μg/g
creatinine |
8-24c. |
3, 5,
6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (chlorpyrifos) |
8.3 μg/g
creatinine |
5.8 μg/g
creatinine |
8-24d. |
Isopropoxyphenol (propoxur) |
1.6 μg/g
creatinine |
1.1 μg/g
creatinine |
* 95 percent of the population had concentrations
below this level.
Target
setting method:
30 percent
improvement.
Data
source:
National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS.
Note:
Data are from a subset of NHANES data and
are not nationally representative.
Therefore, a population data template is not available.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
(Including
subobjective deleted)
|
8-24. |
Reduce
exposure to pesticides as measured by urine concentrations of
metabolites.
Target
and baseline:
Objective* |
Reduction in Pesticide
Exposure as Measured by Metabolites (Pesticide) |
1988–94
Baseline †
Urine Concentration |
2010
Target
Urine Concentration |
8-24a. |
(Subobjective deleted due to change in science) 1-naphthol (carbaryl) |
36.0 μg/g
creatinine
|
25.2 μg/g
creatinine
|
8-24b. |
Paranitrophenol (methyl
parathion and parathions) |
3.8 μg/g
creatinine |
2.7 μg/g
creatinine |
8-24c. |
3, 5,
6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (chlorpyrifos) |
8.3 μg/g
creatinine |
5.8 μg/g
creatinine |
8-24d. |
Isopropoxyphenol (propoxur) |
1.6 μg/g
creatinine |
1.1 μg/g
creatinine |
* For data control purposes, subobjectives are not
renumbered.
† 95 percent
of the population had concentrations below this level.
Target
setting method:
30 percent
improvement.
(Population data will
be provided if the information becomes available.)
Data
source:
National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) National Report on
Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC, NCHS.
Note:
Data are from a subset of NHANES data and
are not nationally representative.
Therefore, a population data template is not available.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-24. |
Reduce
exposure to pesticides as measured by urine concentrations of metabolites.
Target
and baseline:
Objective* |
Reduction in Pesticide
Exposure as Measured by Metabolites (Pesticide) |
1988–94
Baseline †
Urine Concentration |
2010
Target
Urine Concentration |
8-24b. |
Paranitrophenol (methyl
parathion and parathions) |
3.8 μg/g
creatinine |
2.7 μg/g
creatinine |
8-24c. |
3, 5,
6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (chlorpyrifos) |
8.3 μg/g
creatinine |
5.8 μg/g
creatinine |
8-24d. |
Isopropoxyphenol (propoxur) |
1.6 μg/g
creatinine |
1.1 μg/g
creatinine |
* For data control purposes, subobjectives are not
renumbered.
† 95 percent
of the population had concentrations below this level.
Target
setting method: 30 percent
improvement.
(Population data will be
provided if the information becomes available.)
Data
source: National Report on
Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC, NCHS. |
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-25. |
(Developmental)
Reduce exposure of the population to pesticides, heavy metals, and other
toxic chemicals, as measured by blood and urine concentrations of the
substances or their metabolites.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Exposure Item |
8-25a. |
Arsenic |
8-25b. |
Cadmium |
8-25c. |
Lead |
8-25d. |
Manganese |
8-25e. |
Mercury |
8-25f. |
2, 4-D |
8-25g. |
o-phenylphenol |
8-25h. |
Permethrins |
8-25i. |
Diazinon |
8-25j. |
Polychlorinated biphenyls |
8-25k. |
Dioxins |
8-25l. |
Furans |
8-25m. |
Chlordane |
8-25n. |
Dieldrin |
8-25o. |
DDT |
8-25p. |
Lindane |
Potential
data source:
National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-25. |
(Developmental)
Reduce exposure of the population to pesticides, heavy metals, and other
toxic selected environmental chemicals, as measured by blood and
urine concentrations of the substances or their metabolites.
Target
and baseline:
Objective* |
Exposure Item |
1999–2000
Baseline†
Concentration of
the Substance
or Its Metabolites |
2010
Target
Concentration of
the Substance
or Its Metabolites |
|
Heavy metals |
|
8-25a. |
Arsenic |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25b. |
Cadmium |
1.3 μg/L |
0.9 μg/L |
8-25c. |
Lead |
4.9 μg/L |
3.4 μg/L |
8-25d. |
Manganese |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25e. |
Mercury, children aged 1
to 5 years |
2.3 μg/L |
1.6 μg/L |
|
Pesticides |
|
8-25f. |
2, 4-D |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25g. |
o-phenylphenol |
2.9 μg/g creatinine |
2.0 μg/g creatinine |
8-25h. |
cis- and trans-Permethrins |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25i. |
Diazinon |
Developmental |
Developmental |
|
Persistent chemicals |
|
|
8-25j. |
Polychlorinated biphenyls |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25k. |
Dioxins |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25l. |
Furans |
Developmental |
Developmental |
|
Organochlorine compounds |
|
|
8-25m. |
Chlordane |
44.9 ng/g lipid |
31.4 ng/g lipid |
8-25n. |
Dieldrin |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25o. |
DDT (DDE) |
1780 ng/g lipid |
1250 ng/g lipid |
8-25p. |
Lindane (beta-HCH) |
68.9 ng/g lipid |
48.2 ng/g lipid |
|
Heavy metals |
|
|
8-25q. |
Mercury, females aged 16
to 49 years |
7.1 μg/L |
5.0 μg/L |
|
Organochlorine compounds |
|
|
8-25r. |
Chlordane
(trans-Nonachlor) |
79.4 ng/g lipid |
55.6 ng/g lipid |
8-25s. |
Chlordane (Heptachlor
epoxide) |
23.9 ng/g lipid |
16.7 ng/g lipid |
* For data control purposes, subobjectives are not
renumbered.
† 95 percent of the population had
concentrations below this level.
Target
setting method: 30
percent improvement.
Potential
dData
source: National Report
on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-25. |
Reduce
exposure of the population to pesticides, heavy metals, and selected
environmental chemicals, as measured by blood and urine concentrations of the
substances or their metabolites.
Target and baseline:
Objective* |
Exposure Item |
1999–2000
Baseline †
Concentration of
the Substance
or Its Metabolites |
2010
Target
Concentration of
the Substance
or Its Metabolites |
|
Heavy metals |
|
8-25a. |
Arsenic |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25b. |
Cadmium |
1.3 μg/L |
0.9 μg/L |
8-25c. |
Lead |
4.9 μg/L |
3.4 μg/L |
8-25d. |
Manganese |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25e. |
Mercury, children aged 1 to
5 years |
2.3 μg/L |
1.6 μg/L |
|
Pesticides |
|
|
8-25f. |
2, 4-D |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25g. |
o-phenylphenol |
2.9 μg/g creatinine |
2.0 μg/g creatinine |
8-25h. |
cis- and trans-Permethrins |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25i. |
Diazinon |
Developmental |
Developmental |
|
Persistent chemicals |
|
|
8-25j. |
Polychlorinated biphenyls |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25k. |
Dioxins |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25l. |
Furans |
Developmental |
Developmental |
|
Organochlorine compounds |
|
|
8-25m. |
Chlordane
(oxychlordane) |
44.9 ng/g lipid |
31.4 ng/g lipid |
8-25n. |
Dieldrin |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-25o. |
DDT (DDE) |
1780 ng/g lipid |
1250 ng/g lipid |
8-25p. |
Lindane (beta-HCH) |
68.9 ng/g lipid |
48.2 ng/g lipid |
|
Heavy metals |
|
|
8-25q. |
Mercury, females aged 16 to
49 years |
7.1 μg/L |
5.0 μg/L |
|
Organochlorine compounds |
|
|
8-25r. |
Chlordane (trans-Nonachlor) |
79.4 ng/g lipid |
55.6 ng/g lipid |
8-25s. |
Chlordane (Heptachlor
epoxide) |
23.9 ng/g lipid |
16.7 ng/g lipid |
* For data control purposes, subobjectives are not
renumbered.
† 95 percent of the population had concentrations below this level.
Target
setting method: 30 percent
improvement.
Data
source: National Report on
Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC. |
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-26. |
(Developmental)
Improve the quality, utility, awareness, and use of existing information
systems for environmental health.
Potential
data sources:
Toxics
Release Inventory, EPA; Environmental Defense Fund.
|
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
|
8-26. |
(Developmental)
Improve the quality, utility, awareness, and use of existing information
systems for environmental health.
Target:
30 States.
Baseline:
15 States used linked health effect,
exposure, and hazard data for environmental public health surveillance
in 2004.
Target
setting method:
100
percent improvement.
Potential
dData
sources:
Toxics
Release Inventory, EPA; Environmental Defense Fund.
National Environmental Public Health
Tracking Network, CDC.
|
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-26. |
Improve
the quality, utility, awareness, and use of existing information systems for
environmental health.
Target:
30 States.
Baseline:
15 States used linked health effect,
exposure, and hazard data for environmental public health surveillance in
2004.
Target
setting method:
100
percent improvement.
Data
source:
National
Environmental Public Health Tracking Network, CDC.
|
ORIGINAL
OBJECTIVE
|
8-27. |
Increase
or maintain the number of Territories, Tribes, and States, and the District
of Columbia that monitor diseases or conditions that can be caused by
exposure to environmental hazards.
Target
and baseline:
Objective* |
Disease |
1997
Baseline
Number of
Jurisdictions |
2010
Target
Number of
Jurisdictions |
8-27a. |
Lead poisoning |
51 |
51 |
8-27b. |
Pesticide poisoning |
20 |
25 |
8-27c. |
Mercury poisoning |
14 |
20 |
8-27d. |
Arsenic poisoning |
10 |
15 |
8-27e. |
Cadmium poisoning |
10 |
15 |
8-27f. |
Methemoglobinemia |
9 |
15 |
8-27g. |
Acute chemical poisoning† |
8 |
15 |
8-27h. |
Carbon monoxide poisoning |
7 |
51 |
8-27i. |
Asthma |
6 |
25 |
8-27j. |
Hyperthermia |
4 |
10 |
8-27k. |
Hypothermia |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-27l. |
Skin cancer |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-27m. |
Malignant melanoma |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-27n. |
Other skin cancer |
Developmental |
Developmental |
8-27o. |
Birth defects |
Developmental |
Developmental |
* For data control purposes, subobjectives are not
renumbered.
† Includes chemicals not covered
elsewhere in the table.
Note: Target and baseline data are
for States and the District of Columbia.
The targets will be adjusted as data for Tribes and Territories become
available.
Target
setting method: Total
coverage or expert opinion.
Data
sources: Periodic surveys,
Public Health Foundation and Council of State and Territorial
Epidemiologists. |
OBJECTIVE
WITH REVISIONS
(Including subobjectives deleted)
|
8-27. |
Increase
or maintain the number of Territories, Tribes, and States, and the District
of Columbia that monitor diseases or conditions that can be caused by
exposure to environmental hazards.
Target
and baseline:
Objective* |
Disease |
1997
Baseline (unless noted)
Number of
Jurisdictions |
2010
Target
Number of
Jurisdictions |
|
Heavy metals |
|
|
8-27a. |
Lead poisoning |
51 |
51 |
8-27b. |
Pesticide poisoning |
20 |
25 |
8-27c. |
Mercury poisoning |
14 |
20 |
8-27d. |
Arsenic poisoning |
10 |
15 |
8-27e. |
Cadmium poisoning |
10 |
15 |
8-27f. |
Methemoglobinemia |
9 |
15 |
8-27g. |
Acute chemical poisoning † |
8 |
15 |
8-27h. |
Carbon monoxide poisoning |
7 |
51 |
8-27i. |
Asthma |
6 |
25 |
8-27j. |
Hyperthermia |
4 |
10 |
8-27k. |
Hypothermia |
4 (1999–2000) |
51 |
8-27l.
|
(Subobjective deleted due to monitoring in
Objective 3-14) Skin cancer |
Developmental
|
Developmental
|
8-27m.
|
(Subobjective deleted due to monitoring in Objective 3-14) Malignant melanoma |
Developmental
|
Developmental
|
8-27n.
|
(Subobjective deleted due to monitoring in Objective 3-14) Other skin cancer |
Developmental
|
Developmental
|
8-27o. |
Birth defects |
35 (1999–2000) |
51 |
* For data control purposes, subobjectives are not
renumbered.
† Includes chemicals not covered
elsewhere in the table.
Note:
Target and baseline data are for States
and the District of Columbia.
The
targets will be adjusted as data for Tribes and Territories become available.
Target
setting method: Total
coverage or expert opinion.
Data
sources: Periodic surveys,
Public Health Foundation, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists,
and CDC, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. |
REVISED
OBJECTIVE
|
8-27. |
Increase
or maintain the number of Territories, Tribes, and States, and the District
of Columbia that monitor diseases or conditions that can be caused by
exposure to environmental hazards.
Target
and baseline:
Objective* |
Disease |
1997
Baseline (unless noted)
Number of
Jurisdictions |
2010
Target
Number of
Jurisdictions |
|
Heavy metals |
|
|
8-27a. |
Lead poisoning |
51 |
51 |
8-27b. |
Pesticide poisoning |
20 |
25 |
8-27c. |
Mercury poisoning |
14 |
20 |
8-27d. |
Arsenic poisoning |
10 |
15 |
8-27e. |
Cadmium poisoning |
10 |
15 |
8-27f. |
Methemoglobinemia |
9 |
15 |
8-27g. |
Acute chemical poisoning † |
8 |
15 |
8-27h. |
Carbon monoxide poisoning |
7 |
51 |
8-27i. |
Asthma |
6 |
25 |
8-27j. |
Hyperthermia |
4 |
10 |
8-27k. |
Hypothermia |
4 (1999–2000) |
51 |
8-27o. |
Birth defects |
35 (1999–2000) |
51 |
* For data control purposes, subobjectives are not
renumbered.
† Includes chemicals not covered
elsewhere in the table.
Note:
Target and baseline data are for States
and the District of Columbia.
The
targets will be adjusted as data for Tribes and Territories become available.
Target
setting method: Total
coverage or expert opinion.
Data
sources: Periodic surveys,
Public Health Foundation, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists,
and CDC, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental
Disabilities. |
OBJECTIVE
DELETED
|
8-28. |
(Objective deleted due to lack of
data source)(Developmental) Increase the number of local health departments or
agencies that use data from surveillance of environmental risk factors as
part of their vector control programs.
|
Global
Environmental Health
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-29. |
Reduce
the global burden of disease due to poor water quality, sanitation, and
personal and domestic hygiene.
Target:
2,135,000 deaths.
Baseline:
2,668,200 deaths worldwide were
attributable to these factors in 1990.
Target
setting method:
20 percent
improvement.
Data
source:
World Health
Report 2003, World Health Organization.
|
NO
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
|
8-30. |
Increase
the proportion of the population in the U.S.-Mexico border region that has
adequate drinking water and sanitation facilities.
Target
and baseline:
Objective |
Type of Drinking Water and
Sanitation Service |
1997
Baseline
Percent of
Population Receiving
Water Service or Treatment |
2010
Target
Percent of
Population Receiving
Water Service or Treatment |
|
Wastewater sewer service provided |
|
|
8-30a. |
Ciudad Acuna |
39 |
49 |
8-30b. |
Matamoros |
47 |
57 |
8-30c. |
Mexicali |
80 |
90 |
8-30d. |
Nogales, Sonora |
81 |
91 |
8-30e. |
Piedras Negras |
80 |
90 |
8-30f. |
Reynosa |
57 |
67 |
|
Wastewater receiving treatment |
|
|
8-30g. |
Ciudad Acuna |
0 |
10 |
8-30h. |
Matamoros |
0 |
10 |
8-30i. |
Mexicali |
72 |
82 |
8-30j. |
Nogales, Sonora |
100 |
100 |
8-30k. |
Piedras Negras |
0 |
10 |
8-30l. |
Reynosa |
100 |
100 |
Target
setting method: 10
percentage point improvement.
Data
sources: EPA; Mexico’s
Comisión Nacional de Agua; State and local health departments; American Water
Works Association; Rural Water Association; U.S.-Mexican Border Health Association. |
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