Midcourse Review  >  Table of Contents  > Focus Area 28: Vision and Hearing  >  Disparities Table

Figure 28-2. Disparities Table for Focus Area 28: Vision and Hearing
Disparities from the best group rate for each characteristic at the most recent data point and changes in disparity from the baseline to the most recent data point.

Race and Ethnicity  |  Gender and Education  |  Income and Disability


Characteristics: Race and Ethnicity
Population-based objectives American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Native Hawaiian
or other
Pacific Islander		 Two or more races Hispanic or Latino Black non-Hispanic White non-Hispanic Summary index
28-1. Dilated eye examinations at appropriate
intervals: 18+ years (2002)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant10-49 percent difference from the best group rateData not available.Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant10-49 percent difference from the best group rateLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantThe group with the best rate for specified characteristic. 10-49 percent difference from the best group rate
28-2. Vision screening: < 6 years (2002)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix. Data not available.10-49 percent difference from the best group rateData not available.The group with the best rate for specified characteristic. 10-49 percent difference from the best group rateLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant10-49 percent difference from the best group rate10-49 percent difference from the best group rate
28-3. Uncorrected visual impairment due to
refractive errors (1999-2000)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.50-99 percent difference from the best group rate. 100 percent or more percent difference from the best group rate. Data are for Mexican Americans. 50-99 percent difference from the best group rateThe group with the best rate for specified characteristic. 50-99 percent difference from the best group rate
28-4. Blindness and visual impairment:
< 18 years (1997, 2003)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Best group rate reliability criterion not met.Best group rate reliability criterion not met.Best group rate reliability criterion not met.Data not available.
28-5. Visual impairment due to diabetic
retinopathy: 18+ years (2002)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Best group rate reliability criterion not met.Data not available.
28-6. Visual impairment due to glaucoma:
45+ years (2002)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant100 percent or more percent difference from the best group rateThe group with the best rate for specified characteristic. 100 percent or more percent difference from the best group rate
28-7. Visual impairment due to cataracts:
65+ years (2002)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Most favorable group rate for specified characteristic, but reliability criterion not met. Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantThe group with the best rate for specified characteristic. Data not available.
28-8b. Occupational eye injuries treated in emergency departments: full-time workers (1999)Measures of variability were not available. Thus, the variability of best group rates was not assessed, and the statistical significance of disparities and changes in disparity over time could not be tested. See Technical Appendix. Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.
28-9a. Protective eyewear use: 6-17 years
(2002)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.The group with the best rate for specified characteristic. Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant
28-9b. Protective eyewear use: 18+ years
(2002)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix. 		Data not available.10-49 percent difference from the best group rateData not available.Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantThe group with the best rate for specified characteristic. Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant
28-10a. Vision rehabilitation services use:
18+ years (2002)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Best group rate reliability criterion not met.Data not available.
28-10b. Visual adaptive devices use: 18+ years (2002)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix. Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.The group with the best rate for specified characteristic. Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant
28-12. Otitis media: < 18 years
(1997, 2002)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Best group rate reliability criterion not met. Data include persons of Hispanic origin. Best group rate reliability criterion not met. Data include persons of Hispanic origin. Data not available.
28-13a. Hearing aid use: 20-69 years
(2001)Measures of variability were not available. Thus, the variability of best group rates was not assessed, and the statistical significance of disparities and changes in disparity over time could not be tested. See Technical Appendix. 		Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant. Data are for Mexican Americans. Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantThe group with the best rate for specified characteristic. Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant
28-13b. New cochlear implants
(2001)Measures of variability were not available. Thus, the variability of best group rates was not assessed, and the statistical significance of disparities and changes in disparity over time could not be tested. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.
28-14a. Hearing examination in past 5 years:
20-69 years (1999-2000, 2001-02)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.10-49 percent difference from the best group rate. Data are for Mexican Americans. The group with the best rate for specified characteristic. Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant10-49 percent difference from the best group rate
28-14b. Hearing examination in past 5 years:
70+ years (1999-2000, 2001-02)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.		 Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant. Data are for Mexican Americans. 10-49 percent difference from the best group rateThe group with the best rate for specified characteristic. 10-49 percent difference from the best group rate
28-16a. Hearing protective device use: noise-
exposed persons 20-69 years (1999-2000)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix. 		Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.The group with the best rate for specified characteristic. Data are for Mexican Americans. Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significantLess than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant
28-17. Noise-induced hearing loss: 12-19 years (1988-94)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix. Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Best group rate reliability criterion not met. Data are for Mexican Americans. Best group rate reliability criterion not met.Best group rate reliability criterion not met.Data not available.
28-18. Noise-induced hearing loss: 20-69 years (1999-2000)The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix. Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Data not available.Best group rate reliability criterion not met. Data are for Mexican Americans. Best group rate reliability criterion not met.Best group rate reliability criterion not met.Data not available.

Notes:

Data for objectives 28-8a, 28-11a, b, and c, 28-13c and d, 28-14c, and 28-16b are unavailable or not applicable. Objective 28-15 was deleted at the midcourse.

Years in parentheses represent the baseline data year and the most recent data year (if available).

Disparity from the best group rate is defined as the percent difference between the best group rate and each of the other group rates for a characteristic (for example, race and ethnicity). The summary index is the average of these percent differences for a characteristic. Change in disparity is estimated by subtracting the disparity at baseline from the disparity at the most recent data point. Change in the summary index is estimated by subtracting the summary index at baseline from the summary index at the most recent data point. See Technical Appendix for more information.


The best group rate at the most recent data point. The group with the best rate for specified characteristic. The group with
the best rate
for specified characteristic.		 Most favorable group rate for specified characteristic, but reliability criterion not met. Most favorable group rate for specified characteristic, but reliability criterion not met. Best group rate reliability criterion not met. Best group rate reliability criterion not met.    
 
Percent difference from the best group rate
Disparity from the best group rate at the most recent data point. Less than 10 percent difference from the best group rate or not statistically significant Less than 10 percent or not statistically significant 10-49 percent difference from the best group rate 10-49 percent 50-99 percent difference from the best group rate 50-99 percent 100 percent or more percent difference from the best group rate 100 percent or more
   
Increase in disparity (percentage points)
Changes in disparity over time are shown when the change is greater than or equal to 10 percentage points and statistically significant, or when the change is greater than or equal to 10 percentage points and estimates of variability were not available. Increase in disparity: 10-49 percentage points 10-49 Increase in disparity: 50-99 percentage points 50-99 Increase in disparity: 100 or more percentage points 100 or more
 
Decrease in disparity (percentage points)
Decrease in disparity: 10-49 percentage points 10-49 Decrease in disparity: 50-99 percentage points 50-99 Decrease in disparity: 100 or more percentage points 100 or more
Availability of data. Data not available. Data not available. Characteristic not selected for this objective. Characteristic not selected for this objective.

* The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥ 10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.
† Measures of variability were not available. Thus, the variability of best group rates was not assessed, and the statistical significance of disparities and changes in disparity over time could not be tested. See Technical Appendix.
1 Data are for Mexican Americans.
2 Data include persons of Hispanic origin.

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