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Heart Disease and Stroke

Goal

Introduction

Modifications to Objectives and Subobjectives

Progress Toward Healthy People 2010 Targets

Progress Toward Elimination of Health Disparities

Opportunities and Challenges

Emerging Issues

Progress Quotient Chart

Disparities Table (See below)

Race and Ethnicity

Gender and Education

Income, Location, and Disability

Objectives and Subobjectives

References

Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas

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Midcourse Review Healthy People 2010 logo
Heart Disease and Stroke Focus Area 12

References


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5National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Final report. Circulation 106:3143–3421, 2002.

6Grundy, S.M., et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines. Circulation 110:227–239, 2004. More information available at http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/vol110/issue2/index.shtml#NCEP_REPORT; accessed October 31, 2006.

7Grundy, S.M. Cholesterol-lowering trials: A historical perspective. In Grundy, S.M., ed. Cholesterol Lowering Therapy: Evaluation of Clinical Trial Evidence. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1–329, 2000.

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9Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation II study. Lancet 343:687–691, 1994.

10Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation III randomized clinical trial. Lancet 348:633–638, 1996.

11Aguilar, M.I., and Hart, R. Oral anticoagulants for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), 2005.

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13Woo, D., et al. Genetic and environmental risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 33:1190–1196, 2002.

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15Broderick, J.P., et al. The risk of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages in blacks as compared with whites. New England Journal of Medicine 326:733–736, 1992.

16Wolf, P.A., et al. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: The Framingham Study. Stroke 22:983–988, 1991.

17Dulli, D.A., et al. Atrial fibrillation is associated with severe acute ischemic stroke. Neuroepidemiology 22(2):118–123, 2003.

18Fields, L.E., et al. The burden of adult hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: A rising tide. Hypertension 44(4):398–404, 2004.

19Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Publication No. 04-5230. Bethesda, MD: National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP), NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), September 2004.

20Svetkey, L.P., et al. Effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and reduced sodium intake on blood pressure control. Journal of Clinical Hypertension 6(7):373–381, 2004.

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27ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs. usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). Journal of the American Medical Association 288:2998–3007, 2002.

28Balcazar, H., et al. A comprehensive promotora outreach program to promote heart-healthy behaviors among Hispanics. Health Promotion Practice 7(1):68–77, 2006.

29More information available at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/heart/latino/lat_mnl.htm; accessed October 31, 2006.

30Unpublished program implementation documents.

31More information available at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/heart/other/aian_manual/amer_indian.htm; accessed October 31, 2006.

32More information available at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/heart/other/aian_manual/alaska_native.htm; accessed October 31, 2006.

33More information available at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/heart/latino/lat_mnl.htm; accessed October 31, 2006.

34More information available at http://ice.iqsolutions.com/ninds/strokepubs.asp; accessed October 31, 2006.

35CDC. WISEWOMAN (Well Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation). More information available at www.cdc.gov/wisewoman/; accessed October 31, 2006.

36More information available at www.hearttruth.gov; accessed October 31, 2006.

37U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). A Public Health Action Plan to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke. Atlanta, GA: HHS, CDC, 2003. More information available at www.cdc.gov/cvh/Action_Plan/index.htm; accessed October 31, 2006.

38Alberts, M.J., et al. Recommendations for the establishment of primary stroke centers. Brain Attack Coalition. Journal of the American Medical Association 283(23):3102–3109, 2000.

39Alberts, M.J., et al. Recommendations for comprehensive stroke centers: A consensus statement from the Brain Attack Coalition. Stroke 36(7):1597–1616, 2005. More information available at http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/01.STR.0000170622.07210.b4v1; accessed October 31, 2006.

40Hemphill, J.C., et al. Is neurointensive care really optional for comprehensive stroke care? [Letter.] Stroke 36(11):2344–2345, 2005.

41American Heart Association. Get With The Guidelines. More information available at http://americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1165; accessed October 31, 2006.

42Koffman, D.M., et al. Successful Business Strategies to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke Toolkit. Atlanta, GA: HHS, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, 2005. More information available at http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/toolkit/pdfs/toolkit.pdf; accessed October 31, 2006.

43More information available at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/actintime/; accessed October 31, 2006.

44The States include Arkansas, Kansas, and Washington. CDC. State Cardiovascular Health Examination Survey. More information available at www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/state_program/examination_survey.htm; accessed October 31, 2006.

45More information available at www.cdc.gov/cvh; accessed October 31, 2006.

46Ford, E.S., et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Journal of the American Medical Association 287:356–359, 2002.

47Ford, E.S., et al. Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care 27(10):2444–2449, 2004. More information available at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/27/10/2444; accessed October 31, 2006.

48Grundy, S.M., et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/NHLBI scientific statement. Circulation 112:2735–2752, 2005.

49More information available at http://wecan.nhlbi.nih.gov; accessed October 31, 2006.

50Sorof, J., and Daniels, S. Obesity hypertension in children: A problem of epidemic proportions. Hypertension 40:441–447, 2002.

51NHBPEP. Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. NIH Publication No. 05-5267. Bethesda, MD: NHBPEP, NIH, NHLBI, May 2005. More information available at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/heart/hbp/hbp_ped.htm; accessed October 31, 2006.

52Sorof, J.M., et al. Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness and left ventricular hypertrophy in children with elevated blood pressure. Pediatrics 111:61–66, 2003.

53Hanevold, C., et al. The effects of obesity, gender, and ethnic group on left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry in hypertensive children: A collaborative study of the International Pediatric Hypertension Association. Pediatrics 113:328–333, 2004.

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