Science Goals |
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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's science investigations and engineering
instruments directly support the Mars Exploration Program's overall science
strategy of "Following the Water." The four science goals that support
this strategy for discovery are:
Goal 1: Determine whether life ever arose on Mars [more on Goal 1]
The presence of liquid water on Mars, past or present, is a key clue in
revealing whether Mars ever harbored life. From the tiniest microbe to
more complex organisms, life as we know if could not exist without liquid
water. The Reconnaissance Orbiter's scientific payload includes instruments
to zero in on water-related surface features such as outflow channels
from ancient floods, and to study water-related mineral deposits in Mars'
rocks and soil. Cameras and spectrometers will carry out these
searches, and a sounder will use radar to search for liquid water
beneath the martian surface.
Goal 2: Characterize the climate of Mars [more on Goal 2]
In the past, a warmer Mars might have supported a thicker, wetter
atmosphere. But now, with its thin cold atmosphere, much of the water
on Mars has left the surface and atmosphere. Most of it is probably
trapped under the surface, either as ice or possibly in liquid form if any
exists near a heat source on the planet, such as a volcanic "hot springs."
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter will search for evidence of present-day ice or
liquid water beneath the surface and explore the subsurface structure of
the polar caps and nearby terrain in search of evidence of the role water
played in Mars' past climate. The mission will also study how dust and
water are currently transported in the martian atmosphere. Combining its
measurements with those of other missions, the Reconnaissance Orbiter
mission will help characterize the daily, seasonal and year-to-year
climate variability.
Goal 3: Characterize the geology of Mars [more on Goal 3]
Folded in the layers of Mars surface, like geology's version of tree
rings, is a record of Mars' history. With high-resolution instruments, Mars
Reconnaissance Orbiter will look in particular for geologic settings that
indicate the presence of liquid water on the surface at some point in the
planet's history. Examples include ancient lakebeds, salt flats, and mineral
deposits characteristics of hot springs. Hundreds of locales will be
examined in unprecedented detail to reveal water-related mineralogy and
water's role in shaping the terrain.
Goal 4: Prepare for human exploration [more on Goal 4]
With eagle-eye vision, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter will home in
on rocks the size of 3-4 feet. With this capability, mission planners will
identify the most promising locales for scientific study and know, too,
which are safe and which might be hazardous to future landers
carrying humans.
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