Note: RR = "Research-related," designating a link to a reference or to more information about relevant papers, reports, or studies.

Reference:

You will find this quotation in:

Kruidenier, J.R. (2002). Research-based principles for Adult Basic Education reading instruction. Washington, DC: National Institute for Literacy, pp. 86-88.
http://nifl.gov/publications/pdf/adult_ed_02.pdf (716k)

You can also find information about the study that supports this statement in: Gambrel. L. B., & Heathington, B. S. (1981). Adult disabled readers' metacognitive awareness about reading tasks and strategies. Journal of Reading Behavior, 13(3), 215-221.