Individuals visiting the Medicine Department at the Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar for standard clinical care will be recruited.

Controls will be obtained from volunteers without a history of lung disease. Family members of patients may be asked to participate in the study.

Lung Disease group. Individuals with lung disease who fit the following criteria will be enrolled.

Inclusion criteria

• Must provide informed consent
• Males and females, age 18 years and older
• Evidence of lung disease proven by at least one of the following: (1) symptoms consistent with pulmonary disease; (2) chest X-rays and/or chest CT consistent with lung disease; (3) pulmonary function tests consistent with lung disease; (4) lung biopsy consistent with lung disease; (5) family history of lung disease; and (6) diseases of organs with known association with lung disease; and (7) individuals suspected of history of lung diseased based on history and/or physical examination

Exclusion criteria

• Individual refuses consent.

Normal control group. For the purpose of this protocol, "normal" will include individuals without history of chronic lung disease, including asthma, and without recurrent or recent (within 3 months) acute pulmonary disease, and will be determined by the following criteria:

Inclusion Criteria:

• Must provide informed consent.
• Males or females ages 18 years and older.
• Non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individual refuses consent.
• Individuals with history of chronic lung disease, including asthma or with recurrent or recent (within three months) acute pulmonary disease will not be accepted into the study.