The purpose of this application is to request permission to use a bank of biological specimens and clinical information collected by the investigators prior to their joining the intramural program. The samples have been gathered under the sponsorship and approval of the Human Investigations Committees at Yale University, Wayne State University and Pennsylvania Hospital in the United States, the "Sotero del Rio Hospital", the Hospital of the "Universidad de Chile" and the "Universidad Catolica de Chile", in Chile.

The investigators have generated a bank of amniotic fluid, maternal blood and urine, and fetal blood obtained at the time of delivery (from the umbilical cord and by cordocentesis), neonate's urine and sonographic examinations of the fetus, including echocardiography, stored on video-tapes. Clinical information with patient identifiers is available for these samples and sonographic examinations.