• adolescent coping strategies and relationship to the stress response [ Time Frame: not more than one year past mother's diagnosis and treatment ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• adolescent coping strategies by age [ Time Frame: not more than one year past mother's diagnosis and treatment ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• adolescent strategies by quality of maternal-adolescent relationship [ Time Frame: not more than one year past her diagnosis and treatment ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

Other: questionnaires

The study instruments will be given in the following order to the adolescent daughters: 1. Responses to Stress questionnaire; 2. Inventory of Peer and Family Attachment; 3. Youth Self-Report; and, 4. Adolescent data form.

Mothers will be asked to complete data form.

The aims of this study are to determine the differential coping strategies used by adolescent daughters whose mothers have breast cancer, and how this relates to the stress responses they exhibit. Adolescent age, and their relationship with their mothers will also be examined in relation to their coping. This group of adolescent daughters has reported a 25% increased rate of stress responses, specifically anxiety and depression, than a normative sample and than sons. They additionally report emotional distress and worries, and fear engaging in health promoting activities. Forty percent of adolescent daughters who are initially diagnosed with depression, like those whose mothers have breast cancer, will experience a second bout of depression, and 70% of those will have a relapse in adulthood. The strategies that adolescents use to cope with stress are potentially important mediators of the impact of stress on current and future adjustment. Yet little is known about the differential coping strategies used when adolescent daughters are faced with their mothers' breast cancer, and how these mediate that impact. Additionally, the generalizability of the research findings to date is limited due to the inclusion of largely Caucasian, middle-income families in the samples.

Many cancer centers in the United States provide psychosocial support services for the over 200,000 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer each year. There are few supportive care services however that target the coping of their adolescent daughters with the stress of their mother's breast cancer. Before developing these services we need to understand more about which coping strategies can mediate the stress of mothers' breast cancer and be included in any interventions. With the increased risk that these daughters face of acquiring breast cancer, developing fear about health screening, and potentially facing life-long depression, it is imperative to understand more about the coping strategies and factors that can mediate the stressfulness of this event. This cross-sectional, correlational study will target 90 adolescent daughters and their mothers with breast cancer recruited through the New York University Medical Cancer Center (NYUMC) and Bellevue Hospital/New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (NYCHHC) cancer clinics. A contribution of this study to the research to date includes an active outreach to include the minority population. Data collection will include data sheets for mother and daughter demographic information and history, and instruments that target adolescent daughters, the different coping strategies they use, and their level of adjustment or distress with the maternal disease within the first year following diagnosis. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from this study will lead to the development of interventions that target coping and promote adjustment in this vulnerable group.