community sample

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age 18-80;
2. stroke within past 6 months - 5 years;
3. residual paresis in the lower extremity (Fugl-Meyer LE motor score <34);
4. ability to sit unsupported for 30 sec;
5. ability to walk at least 10 ft with maximum 1 person assist;
6. self selected 10 meter gait speed < 0.8 m/s; and
7. provision of informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unable to ambulate at least 150 feet prior to stroke, or experienced intermittent claudication while walking < 200 meters;
2. history of congestive heart failure, unstable cardiac arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe aortic stenosis, angina or dyspnea at rest or during activities of daily living;
3. History of COPD or oxygen dependence;
4. Preexisting neurological disorders, dementia or previous stroke;
5. History of major head trauma;
6. Legal blindness or severe visual impairment;
7. history of significant psychiatric illness;
8. Life expectancy <1 yr;
9. Severe arthritis or orthopedic problems that limit passive ROM;
10. post-stroke depression (PHQ-9 10);
11. History of DVT or pulmonary embolism within 6 months;
12. Uncontrolled diabetes with recent weight loss, diabetic coma, or frequent insulin reactions;
13. Severe hypertension with systolic >200 mmHg and diastolic >110 mmHg at rest;
14. Previous or current enrollment in a clinical trial to enhance motor recovery;
15. Presence of non-MR compatible implants or devices, pregnancy or severe claustrophobia.