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Appendix
A
Detailed
Tables
Table
A.1
Infant Mortality Rate, by Country, 2000
A.2
Infant Mortality Rates, by Race/Ethnicity: United
States, 2001
A.3
Live Births, by Race/Ethnicity: United States,
2001
A.4
State Rank in Infant Mortality Rate and Difference
Between Black and White Rates: United States,
2001
A.5
Five Leading Causes of Infant Death, by Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 2002
A.6
Preterm Birth/Low Birthweight, by Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 2002
A.7
Preterm Birth, by Race/Ethnicity: United States,
1995 – 2002
A.8
Very Low Birthweight, by Race/Ethnicity: United
States, 1995 – 2002
A.9
NTD-Specific Infant Deaths, by Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 1996 – 1998 Aggregated
A.10
Women who Reported Smoking During Pregnancy,
by Race/Ethnicity: United States, 1990 – 1999
A.11
Infant Mortality Rate, by Maternal Smoking Status
and Race/Ethnicity: United States, 2002
A.12
Infant Mortality Rate, by Age and Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 2002
Table
A.1. Infant Mortality Rate, by Country, 2000
1 |
Iceland |
2.4 |
49 |
Brunei Darussalam |
9.9 |
2 |
Sweden |
2.4 |
50 |
Costa Rica |
10.0 |
3 |
Singapore |
2.6 |
51 |
Ukraine |
10.4 |
4 |
Finland |
3.2 |
52 |
Bulgaria |
10.7 |
5 |
Luxembourg |
3.2 |
53 |
Seychelles |
11.1 |
6 |
Czech Republic |
3.4 |
54 |
Dominica |
11.6 |
7 |
Japan |
3.4 |
55 |
Nauru |
11.8 |
8 |
Norway |
3.5 |
56 |
Jamaica |
11.9 |
9 |
Spain |
3.9 |
57 |
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
12.4 |
10 |
Switzerland |
4.1 |
58 |
Yugoslavia |
12.5 |
11 |
Austria |
4.2 |
59 |
Qatar |
13.2 |
12 |
Slovenia |
4.3 |
60 |
Mauritius |
13.4 |
13 |
France |
4.5 |
61 |
Uruguay |
13.7 |
14 |
Germany |
4.5 |
62 |
Saint Lucia |
14.3 |
15 |
Canada |
4.6 |
63 |
Sri Lanka |
15.3 |
16 |
Belgium |
4.6 |
64 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
15.4 |
17 |
Andorra |
4.8 |
65 |
Samoa |
15.6 |
18 |
Italy |
4.8 |
66 |
Russian Federation |
15.9 |
19 |
New Zealand |
4.9 |
67 |
Jordan |
16.5 |
20 |
Australia |
5.0 |
68 |
Saint Vincent and Grenadines |
16.6 |
21 |
Denmark |
5.1 |
69 |
Republic of Moldova |
16.8 |
22 |
Netherlands |
5.2 |
70 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
17.0 |
23 |
Monaco |
5.4 |
71 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
17.5 |
24 |
Bahrain |
5.6 |
72 |
Argentina |
17.6 |
25 |
Republic of Korea |
5.6 |
73 |
Grenada |
17.7 |
26 |
Ireland |
5.8 |
74 |
Cook Islands |
17.8 |
27 |
United Kingdom |
5.8 |
75 |
Palau |
18.1 |
28 |
Greece |
5.9 |
76 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
18.2 |
29 |
Portugal |
5.9 |
77 |
Barbados |
18.6 |
30 |
Malta |
6.0 |
78 |
Oman |
18.8 |
31 |
San Marino |
6.0 |
79 |
Tonga |
18.9 |
32 |
Israel |
6.1 |
80 |
Panama |
19.2 |
33 |
Cyprus |
6.4 |
81 |
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) |
19.5 |
34 |
Poland |
6.7 |
82 |
Colombia |
20.4 |
35 |
Malaysia |
6.9 |
83 |
Lebanon |
21.7 |
36 |
Cuba |
7.5 |
84 |
Tunisia |
21.7 |
37 |
United
States of America |
7.5 |
85 |
Belize |
22.7 |
38 |
Slovakia |
7.5 |
86 |
Syrian Arab Republic |
23.5 |
39 |
Kuwait |
7.7 |
87 |
Saudi Arabia |
23.7 |
40 |
Lithuania |
7.7 |
88 |
Fiji |
23.9 |
41 |
Hungary |
8.1 |
89 |
Georgia |
24.0 |
42 |
Croatia |
8.2 |
90 |
Mexico |
24.5 |
43 |
Bahamas |
8.3 |
91 |
Niue |
24.5 |
44 |
Chile |
8.5 |
92 |
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya |
25.0 |
45 |
Belarus |
9.2 |
93 |
Suriname |
25.2 |
46 |
Estonia |
9.2 |
94 |
Marshall Islands |
25.5 |
47 |
United Arab Emirates |
9.3 |
95 |
Romania |
26.0 |
48 |
Latvia |
9.4 |
96 |
Albania |
26.4 |
97 |
Paraguay |
26.7 |
145 |
Pakistan |
84.2 |
98 |
Ecuador |
27.1 |
146 |
Eritrea |
84.7 |
99 |
Armenia |
27.6 |
147 |
Nepal |
85.9 |
100 |
Viet Nam |
27.6 |
148 |
Haiti |
88.9 |
101 |
El Salvador |
28.0 |
149 |
Kenya |
90.1 |
102 |
Philippines |
29.4 |
150 |
Congo |
91.7 |
103 |
Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
33.1 |
151 |
Gambia |
91.8 |
104 |
Turkey |
34.3 |
152 |
Yemen |
96.6 |
105 |
Honduras |
35.1 |
153 |
Zimbabwe |
97.7 |
106 |
Nicaragua |
35.1 |
154 |
Lesotho |
98.1 |
107 |
Cape Verde |
35.3 |
155 |
Cameroon |
102.5 |
108 |
Algeria |
35.7 |
156 |
Iraq |
102.6 |
109 |
Thailand |
35.8 |
157 |
Senegal |
103.7 |
110 |
Iran (Islamic Republic of) |
36.9 |
158 |
Togo |
104.7 |
111 |
Peru |
37.2 |
159 |
Lao People's Democratic Republic |
105.8 |
112 |
China |
37.9 |
160 |
Sao Tome and Principe |
106.6 |
113 |
Egypt |
38.1 |
161 |
Sudan |
107.2 |
114 |
Tuvalu |
38.1 |
162 |
Myanmar |
111.5 |
115 |
Maldives |
38.3 |
163 |
Uganda |
120.2 |
116 |
Brazil |
38.4 |
164 |
United Republic of Tanzania |
123.4 |
117 |
Guatemala |
38.5 |
165 |
Equatorial Guinea |
125.4 |
118 |
Indonesia |
39.5 |
166 |
Madagascar |
131.4 |
119 |
Kazakhstan |
40.5 |
167 |
Benin |
132.3 |
120 |
Dominican Republic |
41.1 |
168 |
Nigeria |
133.7 |
121 |
Uzbekistan |
41.7 |
169 |
Cambodia |
137.2 |
122 |
Guyana |
45.2 |
170 |
Djibouti |
138.2 |
123 |
Vanuatu |
49.8 |
171 |
Cote d'Ivoire |
141.1 |
124 |
Micronesia (Federated States of) |
49.9 |
172 |
Burundi |
142.0 |
125 |
Turkmenistan |
52.3 |
173 |
Ethiopia |
142.6 |
126 |
Kyrgyzstan |
54.4 |
174 |
Mauritania |
148.4 |
127 |
Morocco |
56.3 |
175 |
Mozambique |
148.6 |
128 |
Mongolia |
57.2 |
176 |
Rwanda |
152.0 |
129 |
Botswana |
58.6 |
177 |
Guinea |
153.1 |
130 |
Kiribati |
60.5 |
178 |
Somalia |
157.1 |
131 |
Solomon Islands |
65.9 |
179 |
Central African Republic |
159.6 |
132 |
Bolivia |
66.4 |
180 |
Chad |
163.4 |
133 |
Bhutan |
68.3 |
181 |
Burkina Faso |
167.3 |
134 |
Namibia |
69.1 |
182 |
Zambia |
168.1 |
135 |
Ghana |
69.6 |
183 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
175.7 |
136 |
South Africa |
73.3 |
184 |
Afghanistan |
176.2 |
137 |
Papua New Guinea |
73.7 |
185 |
Guinea-Bissau |
176.7 |
138 |
Gabon |
74.3 |
186 |
Malawi |
198.8 |
139 |
Tajikistan |
74.8 |
187 |
Mali |
204.8 |
140 |
Comoros |
75.1 |
188 |
Liberia |
231.1 |
141 |
India |
76.2 |
189 |
Niger |
239.0 |
142 |
Bangladesh |
76.6 |
190 |
Sierra Leone |
257.7 |
143 |
Azerbaijan |
78.3 |
191 |
Angola |
261.5 |
144 |
Swaziland |
80.4 |
|
|
|
Source:
World Health Organization 2004.
Note:
IMR = Infant Mortality Rate, number of infant
deaths per 1,000 live births.
Table
A.2. Infant Mortality Rates, by Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 2001
United States |
6.9 |
5.7 |
13.6 |
9.1 |
4.8 |
5.6 |
5.7 |
13.7 |
Alabama |
9.5 |
6.8 |
15.3 |
* |
* |
* |
7.3 |
10.0 |
Alaska |
7.0 |
5.6 |
* |
11.9 |
* |
5.7 |
5.9 |
16.0 |
Arizona |
6.8 |
6.3 |
16.6 |
9.3 |
5.2 |
6.1 |
5.1 |
13.6 |
Arkansas |
8.2 |
7.2 |
12.3 |
* |
* |
4.4 |
6.3 |
15.2 |
California |
5.4 |
5.0 |
11.5 |
7.9 |
4.5 |
6.1 |
5.7 |
12.7 |
Colorado |
6.2 |
5.8 |
12.7 |
* |
6.2 |
6.6 |
6.4 |
* |
Connecticut |
6.2 |
5.3 |
13.1 |
* |
* |
8.1 |
6.6 |
* |
Delaware |
9.2 |
7.0 |
16.1 |
* |
* |
* |
5.7 |
* |
District of Columbia |
13.0 |
5.3 |
16.9 |
* |
* |
* |
6.4 |
* |
Florida |
7.1 |
5.5 |
12.7 |
* |
4.9 |
* |
5.9 |
* |
Georgia |
8.4 |
5.9 |
13.4 |
* |
6.2 |
6.3 |
6.5 |
16.0 |
Hawaii |
7.1 |
6.8 |
* |
* |
7.2 |
7.6 |
6.1 |
13.2 |
Idaho |
6.9 |
6.8 |
* |
* |
* |
6.8 |
5.0 |
11.4 |
Illinois |
8.2 |
6.3 |
16.4 |
* |
6.7 |
* |
6.2 |
* |
Indiana |
7.8 |
7.0 |
14.4 |
* |
* |
* |
7.0 |
* |
Iowa |
5.9 |
5.6 |
15.8 |
* |
* |
8.5 |
* |
16.9 |
Kansas |
7.1 |
6.6 |
14.1 |
* |
* |
5.5 |
5.2 |
11.9 |
Kentucky |
6.8 |
6.5 |
10.4 |
* |
* |
5.5 |
4.1 |
11.1 |
Louisiana |
9.4 |
6.4 |
13.7 |
* |
* |
4.9 |
4.9 |
10.3 |
Maine |
5.3 |
5.3 |
* |
* |
* |
4.2 |
7.5 |
12.2 |
Maryland |
8.0 |
5.2 |
13.6 |
* |
4.8 |
4.9 |
7.6 |
14.3 |
Massachusetts |
4.9 |
4.4 |
9.9 |
* |
3.8 |
7.0 |
6.8 |
15.2 |
Michigan |
8.1 |
6.2 |
16.7 |
* |
6.0 |
9.0 |
5.7 |
15.0 |
Minnesota |
5.7 |
5.1 |
11.7 |
10.8 |
7.4 |
8.2 |
6.8 |
16.3 |
Mississippi |
10.4 |
6.9 |
14.7 |
* |
* |
6.4 |
5.7 |
16.8 |
Missouri |
7.4 |
5.9 |
16.0 |
* |
* |
5.8 |
4.8 |
11.4 |
Montana |
6.6 |
5.9 |
* |
11.7 |
* |
* |
6.5 |
10.5 |
Nebraska |
6.9 |
6.3 |
13.0 |
17.3 |
* |
* |
6.9 |
14.6 |
Nevada |
6.2 |
5.6 |
11.7 |
15.8 |
5.4 |
6.9 |
6.1 |
16.4 |
New Hampshire |
5.2 |
5.1 |
* |
* |
* |
6.3 |
6.3 |
16.5 |
New Jersey |
6.4 |
5.0 |
13.5 |
* |
3.7 |
6.3 |
6.7 |
14.1 |
New Mexico |
6.6 |
6.5 |
14.6 |
7.1 |
* |
5.3 |
6.5 |
13.7 |
New York |
6.2 |
5.1 |
10.9 |
* |
3.6 |
6.8 |
7.0 |
14.5 |
North Carolina |
8.7 |
6.6 |
15.1 |
11.6 |
6.9 |
5.9 |
4.8 |
* |
North Dakota |
8.0 |
7.3 |
* |
15.2 |
* |
6.4 |
5.4 |
7.5 |
Ohio |
7.8 |
6.6 |
15.1 |
* |
4.2 |
7.5 |
6.6 |
14.9 |
Oklahoma |
8.1 |
7.4 |
14.3 |
8.4 |
* |
7.9 |
4.6 |
13.0 |
Oregon |
5.5 |
5.5 |
7.3 |
9.5 |
4.0 |
7.5 |
4.7 |
13.3 |
Pennsylvania |
7.2 |
6.0 |
15.1 |
* |
3.7 |
6.3 |
4.4 |
14.0 |
Rhode Island |
6.3 |
5.5 |
12.8 |
* |
* |
6.6 |
5.5 |
15.8 |
South Carolina |
9.3 |
6.2 |
15.2 |
* |
* |
4.9 |
5.5 |
13.0 |
South Dakota |
7.1 |
6.2 |
* |
11.7 |
* |
* |
4.5 |
* |
Tennessee |
8.5 |
6.5 |
16.0 |
* |
5.8 |
5.1 |
5.4 |
10.9 |
Texas |
5.9 |
5.3 |
10.9 |
* |
3.9 |
5.0 |
5.6 |
12.8 |
Utah |
5.0 |
5.0 |
* |
* |
7.0 |
* |
5.3 |
* |
Vermont |
5.9 |
5.9 |
* |
* |
* |
5.1 |
6.0 |
13.5 |
Virginia |
7.2 |
5.5 |
13.0 |
* |
4.6 |
6.3 |
6.9 |
14.7 |
Washington |
5.3 |
5.0 |
10.8 |
8.9 |
4.4 |
5.1 |
4.7 |
11.6 |
West Virginia |
7.4 |
7.3 |
9.9 |
* |
* |
5.9 |
6.7 |
15.1 |
Wisconsin |
6.8 |
5.7 |
16.8 |
10.1 |
5.0 |
6.5 |
5.9 |
16.7 |
Wyoming |
6.6 |
6.7 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
5.3 |
* |
Source:
Mathews et al. 2003.
*Figure
does not meet standard of reliability or precision,
based on fewer than 20 deaths in the numerator.
Table
A.3. Live Births, by Race/Ethnicity: United
States, 2001
United States |
5,025,933 |
3,177,626 |
66,156 |
41,872 |
200,279 |
851,851 |
2,326,578 |
589,917 |
Alabama |
60,454 |
40,604 |
19,199 |
182 |
469 |
2,254 |
38,342 |
19,183 |
Alaska |
10,003 |
6,383 |
441 |
2,542 |
637 |
652 |
5,567 |
388 |
Arizona |
85,597 |
75,219 |
2,762 |
5,498 |
2,118 |
36,183 |
38,878 |
2,560 |
Arkansas |
37,010 |
28,836 |
7,435 |
244 |
495 |
2,649 |
26,082 |
7,422 |
California |
527,759 |
428,238 |
33,774 |
2,926 |
62,827 |
261,071 |
167,025 |
32,551 |
Colorado |
67,007 |
61,056 |
2,971 |
651 |
2,329 |
19,730 |
41,764 |
2,830 |
Connecticut |
42,648 |
35,612 |
5,134 |
164 |
1,738 |
6,913 |
28,434 |
4,929 |
Delaware |
10,749 |
7,668 |
2,710 |
26 |
345 |
1,083 |
6,598 |
2,684 |
District of Columbia |
7,625 |
2,570 |
4,860 |
9 |
186 |
895 |
1,667 |
4,805 |
Florida |
205,793 |
152,207 |
47,186 |
1,230 |
5,170 |
49,629 |
104,068 |
45,954 |
Georgia |
133,526 |
85,648 |
43,727 |
275 |
3,876 |
15,699 |
69,306 |
43,076 |
Hawaii |
17,072 |
3,815 |
527 |
183 |
12,547 |
2,237 |
3,119 |
495 |
Idaho |
20,688 |
19,944 |
86 |
360 |
298 |
2,753 |
16,855 |
78 |
Illinois |
184,064 |
142,474 |
33,203 |
261 |
8,126 |
40,973 |
101,660 |
32,995 |
Indiana |
86,459 |
75,393 |
9,649 |
168 |
1,249 |
5,898 |
69,242 |
9,575 |
Iowa |
37,619 |
35,324 |
1,266 |
232 |
797 |
2,232 |
33,068 |
1,237 |
Kansas |
38,869 |
34,622 |
2,781 |
458 |
1,008 |
4,906 |
29,363 |
2,747 |
Kentucky |
54,658 |
48,968 |
4,930 |
102 |
658 |
1,509 |
47,485 |
4,905 |
Louisiana |
65,352 |
36,899 |
27,058 |
380 |
1,015 |
1,557 |
35,383 |
27,010 |
Maine |
13,759 |
13,280 |
153 |
110 |
216 |
173 |
13,074 |
142 |
Maryland |
73,218 |
45,068 |
24,252 |
212 |
3,686 |
5,301 |
39,798 |
24,046 |
Massachusetts |
81,077 |
67,786 |
8,205 |
144 |
4,942 |
9,444 |
59,405 |
6,552 |
Michigan |
133,427 |
105,235 |
23,613 |
641 |
3,938 |
7,335 |
96,346 |
23,399 |
Minnesota |
67,562 |
57,982 |
4,767 |
1,312 |
3,501 |
4,543 |
53,141 |
4,685 |
Mississippi |
42,282 |
22,808 |
18,817 |
265 |
392 |
719 |
22,073 |
18,809 |
Missouri |
75,464 |
62,504 |
11,134 |
342 |
1,484 |
2,981 |
59,513 |
11,084 |
Montana |
10,970 |
9,442 |
42 |
1,369 |
117 |
377 |
8,798 |
38 |
Nebraska |
24,820 |
22,496 |
1,373 |
433 |
518 |
2,946 |
19,056 |
1,355 |
Nevada |
31,382 |
26,284 |
2,518 |
482 |
2,098 |
10,855 |
15,323 |
2,414 |
New Hampshire |
14,656 |
13,954 |
208 |
4 |
454 |
509 |
12,849 |
159 |
New Jersey |
115,795 |
85,110 |
20,583 |
167 |
9,935 |
23,497 |
63,266 |
18,709 |
New Mexico |
27,128 |
22,810 |
511 |
3,404 |
403 |
14,126 |
8,776 |
485 |
New York |
254,026 |
182,191 |
52,190 |
710 |
18,935 |
54,544 |
130,637 |
46,709 |
North Carolina |
118,185 |
85,315 |
28,393 |
1,689 |
2,788 |
14,539 |
70,863 |
28,250 |
North Dakota |
7,629 |
6,625 |
102 |
806 |
96 |
140 |
6,299 |
101 |
Ohio |
151,570 |
125,507 |
22,994 |
313 |
2,756 |
4,598 |
20,869 |
22,769 |
Oklahoma |
50,118 |
39,218 |
4,612 |
5,258 |
1,030 |
4,942 |
34,360 |
4,574 |
Oregon |
45,322 |
41,284 |
944 |
792 |
2,302 |
7,902 |
33,388 |
908 |
Pennsylvania |
143,495 |
119,015 |
20,238 |
356 |
3,886 |
8,192 |
10,501 |
19,615 |
Rhode Island |
12,713 |
10,960 |
1,112 |
127 |
514 |
2,196 |
7,676 |
994 |
South Carolina |
55,756 |
35,866 |
18,927 |
153 |
810 |
2,988 |
32,932 |
18,878 |
South Dakota |
10,483 |
8,475 |
101 |
1,776 |
131 |
257 |
8,254 |
97 |
Tennessee |
78,340 |
60,216 |
16,603 |
181 |
1,340 |
3,905 |
56,363 |
16,568 |
Texas |
365,410 |
311,979 |
40,750 |
854 |
11,827 |
172,354 |
139,104 |
40,221 |
Utah |
47,959 |
45,440 |
342 |
742 |
1,435 |
6,543 |
38,682 |
325 |
Vermont |
6,366 |
6,237 |
31 |
7 |
91 |
35 |
6,014 |
29 |
Virginia |
98,884 |
70,946 |
22,272 |
120 |
5,546 |
9,143 |
61,871 |
22,082 |
Washington |
79,570 |
67,437 |
3,334 |
1,897 |
6,902 |
12,140 |
54,468 |
3,219 |
West Virginia |
20,428 |
19,576 |
704 |
19 |
129 |
83 |
19,446 |
698 |
Wisconsin |
69,072 |
59,383 |
6,567 |
989 |
2,133 |
5,152 |
54,346 |
6,515 |
Wyoming |
6,115 |
5,717 |
65 |
271 |
62 |
569 |
5,161 |
64 |
Source:
Martin et al. 2002b.
Table
A.4. State Rank in Infant Mortality Rate and
Difference Between Black
and White Rates: United States, 2001
|
United States |
6.9 |
5.7 |
13.6 |
7.9 |
1 |
Massachusetts |
4.9 |
4.4 |
9.9 |
5.5 |
2 |
Utah |
5.0 |
5.0 |
* |
* |
3 |
New Hampshire |
5.2 |
5.1 |
* |
* |
4 |
Maine |
5.3 |
5.3 |
* |
* |
5 |
Washington |
5.3 |
5.0 |
10.8 |
5.8 |
6 |
California |
5.4 |
5.0 |
11.5 |
6.5 |
7 |
Oregon |
5.5 |
5.5 |
7.3 |
1.8 |
8 |
Minnesota |
5.7 |
5.1 |
11.7 |
6.6 |
9 |
Iowa |
5.9 |
5.6 |
15.8 |
10.2 |
10 |
Texas |
5.9 |
5.3 |
10.9 |
5.6 |
11 |
Vermont |
5.9 |
5.9 |
* |
* |
12 |
Colorado |
6.2 |
5.8 |
12.7 |
6.9 |
13 |
Connecticut |
6.2 |
5.3 |
13.1 |
7.8 |
14 |
Nevada |
6.2 |
5.6 |
11.7 |
6.1 |
15 |
New York |
6.2 |
5.1 |
10.9 |
5.8 |
16 |
Rhode Island |
6.3 |
5.5 |
12.8 |
7.3 |
17 |
New Jersey |
6.4 |
5.0 |
13.5 |
8.5 |
18 |
Montana |
6.6 |
5.9 |
* |
* |
19 |
New Mexico |
6.6 |
6.5 |
14.6 |
8.1 |
20 |
Wyoming |
6.6 |
6.7 |
* |
* |
21 |
Arizona |
6.8 |
6.3 |
16.6 |
10.3 |
22 |
Kentucky |
6.8 |
6.5 |
10.4 |
3.9 |
23 |
Wisconsin |
6.8 |
5.7 |
16.8 |
11.1 |
24 |
Idaho |
6.9 |
6.8 |
* |
* |
25 |
Nebraska |
6.9 |
6.3 |
13.0 |
6.7 |
26 |
Alaska |
7.0 |
5.6 |
* |
* |
27 |
Florida |
7.1 |
5.5 |
12.7 |
7.2 |
28 |
Hawaii |
7.1 |
6.8 |
* |
* |
29 |
Kansas |
7.1 |
6.6 |
14.1 |
7.5 |
30 |
South Dakota |
7.1 |
6.2 |
* |
* |
31 |
Pennsylvania |
7.2 |
6.0 |
15.1 |
9.1 |
32 |
Virginia |
7.2 |
5.5 |
13.0 |
7.5 |
33 |
Missouri |
7.4 |
5.9 |
16.0 |
10.1 |
34 |
West Virginia |
7.4 |
7.3 |
9.9 |
2.6 |
35 |
Indiana |
7.8 |
7.0 |
14.4 |
7.4 |
36 |
Ohio |
7.8 |
6.6 |
15.1 |
8.5 |
37 |
Maryland |
8.0 |
5.2 |
13.6 |
8.4 |
38 |
North Dakota |
8.0 |
7.3 |
* |
* |
39 |
Michigan |
8.1 |
6.2 |
16.7 |
10.5 |
40 |
Oklahoma |
8.1 |
7.4 |
14.3 |
6.9 |
41 |
Arkansas |
8.2 |
7.2 |
12.3 |
5.1 |
42 |
Illinois |
8.2 |
6.3 |
16.4 |
10.1 |
43 |
Georgia |
8.4 |
5.9 |
13.4 |
7.5 |
44 |
Tennessee |
8.5 |
6.5 |
16.0 |
9.5 |
45 |
North Carolina |
8.7 |
6.6 |
15.1 |
8.5 |
46 |
Delaware |
9.2 |
7.0 |
16.1 |
9.1 |
47 |
South Carolina |
9.3 |
6.2 |
15.2 |
9.0 |
48 |
Louisiana |
9.4 |
6.4 |
13.7 |
7.3 |
49 |
Alabama |
9.5 |
6.8 |
15.3 |
8.5 |
50 |
Mississippi |
10.4 |
6.9 |
14.7 |
7.8 |
51 |
District of Columbia |
13.0 |
5.3 |
16.9 |
11.6 |
Source:
Mathews et al. 2003. Black-White difference
was calculated using data from Mathews et al.
2003.
*
Figure does not meet standard of reliability
or precision, based on fewer than 20 deaths
in the numerator.
Table
A.5. Five Leading Causes of Infant Death, by
Race/Ethnicity: United States, 2002
All Races and Ethnicities |
7.0 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
Race |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White |
5.8 |
1.3 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Black |
13.9 |
1.7 |
3.2 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
4.8 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
American Indian/Alaska Native |
8.6 |
1.9 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
0.5 |
* |
Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Hispanics |
5.6 |
1.5 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Mexican |
5.4 |
1.5 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Puerto Rican |
8.2 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
* |
Central and South American |
5.1 |
1.4 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
* |
Source:
Mathews et al. 2004.
Note :
“Black” and “White” categories exclude women
of Hispanic origin.
*
Figure does not meet standard of reliability
precision, based on fewer than 20 deaths in
the numerator.
Table
A.6. Preterm Birth/Low Birthweight, by Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 2002
All Races and Ethnicities |
12.1 |
7.8 |
1.5 |
Race |
|
|
|
White |
11.1 |
6.8 |
1.2 |
Black |
17.6 |
13.3 |
3.2 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
10.4 |
7.8 |
1.1 |
Chinese |
7.7 |
5.5 |
0.7 |
Japanese |
9.2 |
7.6 |
1.0 |
Hawaiian |
13.5 |
8.1 |
1.6 |
Filipino |
12.7 |
8.6 |
1.3 |
American Indian/Alaska Native |
13.1 |
7.2 |
1.3 |
Ethnicity |
|
|
|
All Hispanics |
11.6 |
6.5 |
1.2 |
Mexican |
11.4 |
6.2 |
1.1 |
Puerto Rican |
14.0 |
9.7 |
2.0 |
Cuban |
10.5 |
6.5 |
1.2 |
Central and South American |
11.2 |
6.5 |
1.2 |
White Non-Hispanic |
11.0 |
6.9 |
1.2 |
Black Non-Hispanic |
17.7 |
13.4 |
3.2 |
Source:
Martin et al. 2003.
Table
A.7. Preterm Birth, by Race/Ethnicity: United
States, 1995–2002
All Races and Ethnicities |
11.0 |
11.0 |
11.4 |
11.6 |
11.8 |
11.6 |
11.9 |
12.1 |
10.0 |
Race |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White |
9.7 |
9.8 |
10.2 |
10.5 |
10.7 |
10.6 |
11.0 |
11.1 |
14.4 |
Black |
17.7 |
17.4 |
17.5 |
17.5 |
17.5 |
17.3 |
17.5 |
17.6 |
-0.6 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
9.9 |
10.0 |
10.2 |
10.4 |
10.4 |
9.9 |
10.3 |
10.4 |
5.1 |
Chinese |
7.2 |
7.4 |
7.4 |
7.6 |
7.6 |
7.3 |
7.7 |
7.7 |
6.9 |
Japanese |
8.3 |
8.2 |
8.1 |
8.7 |
9.3 |
8.3 |
8.8 |
9.2 |
10.8 |
Hawaiian |
11.0 |
11.5 |
11.0 |
12.0 |
12.3 |
11.7 |
14.2 |
13.5 |
22.7 |
Filipino |
11.7 |
11.5 |
11.9 |
11.8 |
12.4 |
12.2 |
12.5 |
12.7 |
8.5 |
American Indian/Alaska Native |
12.4 |
11.9 |
12.2 |
12.2 |
12.9 |
12.7 |
13.2 |
13.1 |
5.6 |
Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Hispanics |
10.9 |
10.9 |
11.2 |
11.4 |
11.4 |
11.2 |
11.4 |
11.6 |
6.4 |
Mexican |
10.6 |
10.5 |
10.9 |
11.0 |
11.1 |
11.0 |
11.2 |
11.4 |
7.5 |
Puerto Rican |
13.4 |
13.2 |
13.7 |
13.9 |
13.7 |
13.5 |
13.7 |
14.0 |
4.5 |
Cuban |
10.1 |
10.3 |
11.0 |
11.4 |
11.5 |
10.6 |
10.6 |
10.5 |
4.0 |
Central and South American |
10.7 |
10.9 |
11.2 |
11.6 |
11.4 |
11.0 |
11.2 |
11.2 |
4.7 |
Non-Hispanic White |
9.4 |
9.5 |
9.9 |
10.2 |
10.5 |
10.4 |
10.8 |
11.0 |
17.0 |
Non-Hispanic Black |
17.8 |
17.5 |
17.6 |
17.6 |
17.6 |
17.4 |
17.6 |
17.7 |
-0.6 |
Source:
MacDorman and Atkinson 1998a, MacDorman and
Atkinson 1998b, MacDorman and Atkinson 1999,
Ventura et al. 1999, Ventura et al. 2000, Ventura
et al. 2001, Mathews et al. 2000, Mathews et
al. 2002a, Mathews et al. 2002b, Mathews et
al. 2003, Mathews et al. 2004.
Note:
Hispanic includes both White and Black Hispanics.
Table
A.8. Very Low Birthweight, by Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 1995–2002
All Races and Ethnicities |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
15.4 |
Race |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
9.1 |
Black |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
6.7 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
22.2 |
Chinese |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.0 |
Japanese |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
11.1 |
Hawaiian |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
77.8 |
Filipino |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
18.2 |
American Indian/Alaska Native |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
18.2 |
Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Hispanics |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
9.1 |
Mexican |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
10.0 |
Puerto Rican |
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
2.0 |
11.1 |
Cuban |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
0.0 |
Central and South American |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
9.1 |
Non-Hispanic White |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
20.0 |
Non-Hispanic Black |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
6.7 |
Source:
MacDorman and Atkinson 1998a, MacDorman and
Atkinson 1998b, MacDorman and Atkinson 1999,
Ventura et al. 1999, Ventura et al. 2000, Ventura
et al. 2001, Mathews et al. 2000, Mathews et
al. 2002a, Mathews et al. 2002b, Mathews et
al. 2003, Mathews et al. 2004.
Note:
Hispanic includes both White and Black Hispanics.
Table
A.9. NTD-Specific Infant Deaths, by Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 1996–1998, Aggregated
All Races and Ethnicities |
11.1 |
— |
Race |
|
|
White |
11.6 |
— |
Black |
8.6 |
0.73 (0.62-0.87) |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
9.8 |
0.85 (0.64-1.12) |
American Indian/Alaska Native |
11.5 |
0.96 (0.55-1.65) |
Ethnicity |
|
|
All Hispanics |
15.4 |
1.49 (1.31-1.69) |
Mexican |
17.0 |
1.64 (1.42-1.89) |
Puerto Rican |
10.4 |
0.98 (0.61-1.59) |
Central and South American |
11.9 |
1.15 (0.82-1.62) |
White Non-Hispanic |
10.3 |
— |
Black Non-Hispanic |
8.6 |
1.49 (1.31-1.69) |
Source:
Davidoff et al. 2002.
Note:
White and White non-Hispanic are the reference
groups for the relative risk ratios.
Table
A.10. Women Who Reported Smoking During Pregnancy,
by Race/Ethnicity: United States, 1990–1999
All Races and Ethnicities |
18.4 |
12.3 |
-33.1 |
Race |
|
|
|
White Non-Hispanic |
21.0 |
15.7 |
-25.2 |
Black Non-Hispanic |
15.9 |
9.1 |
-42.8 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
5.5 |
2.9 |
-47.3 |
Chinese |
— |
0.5 |
— |
Japanese |
— |
4.5 |
— |
Hawaiian |
— |
14.7 |
— |
Filipino |
— |
3.3 |
— |
American Indian/Alaska Native |
22.4 |
20.0 |
-10.7 |
Ethnicity |
|
|
|
All Hispanics |
6.7 |
3.7 |
-44.8 |
Mexican |
— |
2.6 |
— |
Puerto Rican |
— |
10.5 |
— |
Cuban |
— |
3.3 |
— |
Central and South American |
— |
1.4 |
— |
Source:
Mathews et al. 2003.
Notes:
Total Hispanic and non-Hispanic White and
Black percents were not available.
—
Data not available.
Table
A.11. Infant Mortality Rate, by Maternal Smoking
Status and Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 2002
All Races and Ethnicities |
11.1 |
6.6 |
68.2 |
Race |
|
|
|
White |
9.8 |
5.3 |
84.9 |
Black |
20.0 |
13.1 |
52.7 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
11.6 |
4.7 |
146.8 |
American Indian/Alaska Native |
12.1 |
7.7 |
57.1 |
Ethnicity |
|
|
|
All Hispanics |
10.7 |
5.6 |
91.1 |
Mexican |
9.8 |
5.4 |
81.5 |
Puerto Rican |
12.4 |
7.9 |
57.0 |
Cuban |
* |
3.5 |
* |
Central and South American |
* |
4.9 |
* |
White Non-Hispanic |
9.7 |
5.2 |
86.5 |
Black Non-Hispanic |
20.1 |
13.2 |
52.3 |
Source:
Mathews et al. 2004.
*Figure
does not meet standard of reliability precision,
based on fewer than 20 deaths in the numerator.
Table
A.12. Infant Mortality Rate, by Age and Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 2002
All Races and Ethnicities |
10.4 |
6.5 |
7.8 |
6.0 |
5.6 |
6.5 |
8.5 |
Race |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White |
8.8 |
5.5 |
6.4 |
5.1 |
4.7 |
5.5 |
7.3 |
Black |
15.2 |
13.5 |
13.9 |
12.4 |
13.4 |
14.5 |
16.1 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
9.2 |
4.6 |
5.2 |
3.9 |
4.3 |
5.4 |
8.2 |
American Indian/Alaska Native |
9.1 |
8.5 |
9.4 |
7.6 |
7.6 |
8.5 |
* |
Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Hispanics |
7.3 |
5.3 |
5.3 |
5.1 |
5.0 |
6.2 |
8.9 |
Mexican |
6.8 |
5.2 |
5.0 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
6.3 |
9.2 |
Puerto Rican |
10.6 |
7.7 |
8.2 |
7.4 |
7.2 |
7.6 |
* |
Cuban |
* |
9.7 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Central and South American |
6.8 |
4.9 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
5.1 |
8.2 |
White Non-Hispanic |
9.7 |
5.5 |
6.9 |
5.1 |
4.6 |
5.3 |
6.8 |
Black Non-Hispanic |
15.2 |
13.6 |
14.0 |
12.5 |
13.4 |
14.6 |
16.3 |
Source:
Mathews et al. 2004.
*
Figure does not meet standard of reliability
precision, based on fewer than 20 deaths in
the numerator.
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