Panel Members: Mary E. D'Alton, M.D., (Panel and Conference, Chairperson); Willard C. Rappleye Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Director, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Services, Columbia, University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Michael P. Aronson, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Director of Women's Health Services, University of Massachusetts, Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts; David J. Birnbach, M.D., Professor and Executive, Vice Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, Chief, Women's Anesthesia, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Director, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Center for Patient Safety, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Michael B. Bracken, Ph.D., M.P.H., FACE; Susan Dwight Bliss, Professor of Epidemiology, Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Science, and Neurology, Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; M. Yusoff Dawood, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor of Physiology, Sanger Chair in Family Planning and Reproductive Physiology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; William G. Henderson, Ph.D., M.P.H., Professor and Biostatistics, Core Director, University of Colorado Health, Outcomes Program Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Hughes, C.N.M., M.S., M.B.A., FACNM, Director of Nurse-Midwifery, Exempla Saint Joseph Hospital, Clinical Faculty University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Alan H. Jobe, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Vern L. Katz, M.D., Clinical Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health Science University, Adjunct Professor, Department Physiology, University of Oregon, Medical Director of Perinatal Services, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sacred Heart Medical Center, Eugene, Oregon; Stephen R. Kraus, M.D., FACS, Assistant Professor and Deputy Chairman, Department of Urology, University of Texas Health, Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Meg Mangin, R.N., Dunn County Home Health Care Menomonie, Wisconsin; JoAnn Elizabeth Matory, M.D., Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana School of Medicine; James Whitcomb Riley, Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana; Thomas R. Moore, M.D., Professor and Chairman, Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California; Patricia J. O'Campo, Ph.D., Professor, Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Alma and Baxter Ricard Chair in Inner City Health, Director, Inner City Health Research Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Jeffrey F. Peipert, M.D., M.P.H., M.H.A., Vice Chair of Clinical Research, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Karen H. Rothenberg, J.D., M.P.A., Dean and Marjorie Cook, Professor of Law, University of Maryland, School of Law, Baltimore, Maryland; Meir Jonathan Stampfer, M.D., Dr.P.H., Professor of Medicine, Professor of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Chair, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Kimberly A. Yonkers, M.D., Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut