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Energy Crossroads
The Center for Building Science Newswas a publication of the Environmental Energy Technologies Division from 1993 through 1998. It
has been replaced by Environmental Energy Technologies Division News,whose first
issue appeared in Spring 1999. A complete index of the CBS Newsletter is available as a downloadable file by pressing
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Center for Building Science News #18, Summer 1998
To Media Tip Sheet
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Reducing the Federal Energy Bill
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It costs billions of dollars and uses more energy than any other entity
in the U.S. What is it? Answer: the Federal government. In fiscal year
1995, the Federal government spent $8 billion on a net energy
consumption of 1.15 quadrillion BTUs. While that may be a lot of energy
in absolute terms, the numbers have been improving for years. Compared
with fiscal year 1985, the 1995 energy-use figure is down by 22.5% and
the costs are down $2.5 billion.
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A Survey: Indoor Air Quality in
Schools
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We recently undertook a survey and critical review of the published
literature on indoor air quality, ventilation, and IAQ- and
building-related health problems in schools, particularly those in the
state of California.
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International Energy-Efficiency
Standards
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Two cost-effective approaches to reducing energy use in buildings are
minimum energy standards for appliances and incorporating
energy-efficiency principles in building codes. EETD has pooled its
resources in the field to energy-efficiency standards with its
international activities to create the International Building and
Appliance Standards team.
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EnergyPlus: The Merger of BLAST and
DOE-2
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EnergyPlus is a new Department of Energy-supported project that will
merge two major building energy simulation programs, DOE-2 and Building
Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST).
-
Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
Center for Building Science News #17, Winter 1998
To Media Tip Sheet
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Five-Lab Study Examines Carbon-Reduction Strategies
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As the world steps up its efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse
gases, policymakers and international negotiators are looking to the
scientific community to provide answers to some important technical
questions. To contribute some of the answers, the U.S. Department of
Energy recently released a study called "Scenarios of U.S. Carbon
Reductions: Potential Impacts of Energy Technologies by 2010 and
Beyond." Five national laboratories and dozens of researchers
contributed to the study, which was led by Berkeley Lab's Mark Levine,
Director of the Environmental Energy Technologies Division and Oak
Ridge National Lab's Marilyn Brown.
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Reducing Leaking Electricity
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A surprisingly large number of appliances--from computer peripherals to
cable TV boxes to radios--consume electricity even after they have been
switched off. The energy used while the appliance is switched off or not
performing its primary purpose is called "standby consumption" or
"leaking electricity." Nationwide, leaking electricity requires the
operation of eight large power plants that emit roughly twelve million
tons of carbon into the atmosphere.
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The Efficient Window Collaborative
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The U.S. Department of Energy and key players in the U.S. window
industry have formed the Efficient Window Collaborative, whose goal is
doubling the marketshare of efficient windows by 2005. The Center's
Windows and Daylighting Program and the Alliance to Save Energy are
managing this effort jointly.
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Efficiency of Exterior Exposed Ductwork
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Most of California's commercial buildings have thermal distribution
systems. It is estimated that 63% of these distribution systems are
air-based and distribute air through duct. Thermal distribution ductwork
systems in small commercial buildings are similar to those in
residential construction and have the same leakage and conduction-loss
problems.
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Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- The A-Team Report
Center for Building Science News #16, Fall 1997
To Media Tip Sheet
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The Home Energy Saver: Interactive Energy Information and Calculations
on the Web
- The Internet is an important new resource for information about
energy efficiency. While many applications amount to little more than
reformatting static text into Web pages, the Internet shows its true
potential when it lets users interactively obtain customized
information. An example is the Center's Home Energy Saver, which was the
first Internet-based tool for calculating energy use in residential
buildings.
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Utilities Group Aids in Restructuring Process
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Center researchers are helping ensure that energy efficiency, renewable
energy, and a host of other important issues are not overlooked as
California and the nation restructure the electric power industry.
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THERM: Two-Dimensional Building Heat- Transfer Modeling
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THERM 1.0 is a state-of-the-art tool for modeling two-dimensional
heat-transfer effects in building components. The thermal property
information THERM provides is important for the design and application
of building components such as windows, walls, foundations, roofs and
doors.
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Thermal Performance of Phase-Change Wallboard for Residential
Cooling
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Phase-change materials are a potential source of thermal mass in
residential construction. Researchers at the Center have used RADCOOL, a
thermal building simulation program based on the finite difference
approach, to perform a numerical evaluation of the latent storage
performance of PCM-treated wallboard.
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Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- The A-Team Report
Center for Building Science News #15, Summer 1997
To Media Tip Sheet
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The Future of Buildings Research at LBNL: An Interview with Mark Levine
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Mark Levine is the newly appointed Director of Berkeley Lab's
Environmental Energy Technologies Division (formerly Energy &
Environment). He was the head of the Energy Analysis Program from 1986
until his appointment in March. Three of EETD's programs--Building
Technologies, Energy Analysis and Indoor Environment--focus heavily on
buildings research. In the following interview, Levine discusses the
future of buildings research in the Division.
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Building Software Tools with Interoperability
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Software programs for designing energy-efficient buildings and
subsystems have a problem: their inability to exchange data easily. A
new organization, the International Association of Interoperability, is
working to change this by creating an interoperable environment for
building software tools. Center researchers have been involved with this
effort since its inception.
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Improved Productivity and Health from Better Indoor Environments
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Recent analyses suggest that improving buildings and indoor environments
could reduce health-care costs and sick leave and increase worker
performance, resulting in an estimated productivity gain of $30 to $150
billion annually.
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Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Industrialized Countries
-
Center researchers have analyzed the patterns of emissions from end uses
of energy and electricity production in ten OECD countries. Emissions in
many countries in the early 1990s were lower than those in the 1970s in
an absolute sense and on a per capita basis. However, factors that
reduced emissions in the past are not having the same effect in the
mid-1990s.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- The A-Team Report
Center for Building Science News #14, Spring 1997
To Media Tip Sheet
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LBNL's In-House Energy Management Program
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To save energy and money by applying energy-efficient technology and
practices in its own facilities, as well as set an example
for the rest of the world, Berkeley Lab launched an energy-savings
program in 1985. The efforts of the In-House Energy Management Program
(IHEM) have led to an annual savings of $2.3 million in energy costs
at Berkeley Lab.
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A Sulfur Lamp and Fixture Demonstration at SMUD
-
Researchers at the Center's Lighting Research Group have developed the
first high-efficiency lighting fixtures to capitalize on the
extraordinary brightness and remarkable energy efficiency of the
award-winning sulfur lamp. Through a partnership between Berkeley Lab
and Cooper Lighting, a major U.S. lighting manufacturer, prototypes of
these new fixtures have been installed at the Sacramento Municipal
Utility District.
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The China Energy Group
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The Center's China Energy Group has worked closely with energy
policymakers in China for nearly a decade. It's goal is to better
understand the dynamics of energy use in China and to develop and
enhance the capabilities of institutions that promote energy efficiency
in that country.
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Indoor Air Quality in New Energy-Efficient Houses
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In 1993, researchers at the Center's Indoor Environment Program began
investigating indoor air quality in new energy-efficient houses.
Measurements at five houses in the eastern U.S. reveal the presence of
persistently elevated levels of volatile organic compounds and odors,
the causes of which are under investigation.
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New Division Name and Director
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- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- The A-Team Report
Center for Building Science News #13, Winter 1997
To Media Tip Sheet
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Twenty Years of Lighting Research
-
For two decades, the Center for Building Science has been a leader
in the energy-efficient lighting area, helping the U.S. chip away at its
$38 billion annual lighting energy bill.
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Hammer Award Honors a Federal Building's Energy-Efficient
Retrofit
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Vice President Al Gore's National Performance Review has given a Hammer
Award to a team of private and public entities including several Center
researchers. The team is working to turn San Francisco's Federal
Building at 450 Golden Gate Avenue into a showcase of energy-efficient
technologies with the potential to cut a billion dollars from the
federal government's annual energy bill.
- Residential Ventilation & Energy
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Indoor Environment Program researchers have used existing databases to
estimate the energy and indoor air quality liabilities associated with
residential ventilation in the U.S. housing stock, and how scenarios of
energy conservation and ventilation strategies change those liabilities.
Their results indicate that bringing ventilation levels up to ASHRAE
standards could save 38 EJ of energy and $2.4 billion.
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Residential Building Code Compliance
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Energy use in residential buildings in the U.S. is significant--about
20% of primary energy use. While several approaches reduce energy use
such as appliance standards and utility programs, enforcing state
building energy codes is one of the most promising. Research on the rate
of compliance within the building community found substantial variation
from house to house and region to region.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- The A-Team Report
Center for Building Science News #12, Fall 1996
To Media Tip Sheet
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Energy-Efficiency Strategies for Insurance Companies
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Global climate change is in the news again, partly because the insurance
industry has taken notice of the threat climate change poses to its
business. Recent research at the Center for Building Science suggests
that selected efficiency strategies can help protect against insurance
losses while reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, a winning proposition
for the insurance industry.
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The High-Radon Project
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For several years, researchers on the High-Radon Project in the Center's
Indoor Environment Program have been developing a statistical
methodology for estimating regional indoor radon concentrations across
the United States. The purpose of this work is to help state or other
agencies identify high-radon counties or areas more precisely so that
these authorities can focus their indoor monitoring and control efforts
effectively.
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Urban Heat Catastrophes
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Last year's Chicago heat wave increased the number of deaths in Cook
County by more than 700 over five days. Epidemiological studies of
heat-wave deaths have contributed useful information on the reasons for
the deaths, but the role of buildings and their interior conditions has
been largely unexamined. A new study by the Center's Energy Analysis
Program examines building conditions during the heat wave.
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Energy-Efficient Torchieres for Residential Applications
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There has been a significant increase in sales of imported torchiere
light fixtures in the American market, resulting in a large increase in
residential lighting energy use and a significant challenge to energy
efficiency programs throughout the country. The Center's Building
Technologies researchers have developed a series of novel
energy-efficient torchiere systems using compact fluorescent lamps.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- The A-Team Report
Center for Building Science News #11, Summer 1996
To Media Tip Sheet
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The Center's Web Works
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The global Internet has quickly become the number-one source of
information on energy efficiency. Recent developments in networking
technology and software have attracted some 50 million users, including
energy-related groups such as utilities, buildings professionals, and a
wide variety of private companies. The following are some Web-based
activities underway in the Center.
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Gas-Filled Panels for the Building Thermal Envelope
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Buildings designed for low energy use and thermal comfort require good
insulating materials. The Center's Building Technologies Program has
been studying the potential of gas-filled panels, which are
composed of thin polymer films and a low-conductivity gas, as an
advanced insulation system in the building envelope.
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Emissions Control Failures in Passenger Cars
-
When an automobile's emissions control system fails, it may be because
that model is more prone to failure than most others, according to a
study conducted by the Center's Energy Analysis Program and Marc Ross of
the University of Michigan. This finding goes against the conventional
wisdom that such failures are usually caused by owners who don't
maintain their cars properly or deliberately disable their emissions
systems.
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Energy Management in Semiconductor Cleanrooms
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Cleanrooms are used extensively in the manufacturing of integrated
circuits and in the biological and pharmaceutical industries. For low
particle concentrations to be maintained, the air in the cleanroom
must be filtered. Researchers in the Center's Indoor Environment Program
are studying ways of reducing cleanroom energy using a technique called
demand-controlled filtration.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- The A-Team Report
Center for Building Science News #10, Spring 1996
To Media Tip Sheet
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Green Cooling: Improving Chiller Efficiency
-
Chillers are the single largest energy consumers in commercial
buildings. These machines create peaks in electric power consumption,
typically during summer afternoons. The phase-out of CFC refrigerants,
intended to protect the ozone layer under an international agreement,
has triggered an unprecedented wave of chiller replacements that will
accelerate during the next 10 years. Energy-efficiency measures
implemented in conjunction with chiller retrofits can reduce the load
and therefore the required chiller size, making the change more
economical overall and can decrease chiller plant energy consumption by
more than 50% while improving their reliability and helping the
environment.
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Subsurface Gasoline Contamination
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In a field study of an abandoned gasoline station at the Alameda Naval
Air Station, California, the measured indoor air concentration of
volatile organic compounds was three orders of magnitude lower
than what is typically observed. Both biotic and physical effects appear
to be operating to reduce VOC levels.
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Residential Assessment of Market Potential
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This project of the Energy Analysis Program helps the Environmental
Protection Agency design programs that reduce pollution by increasing
the market penetration of energy-efficient products in residences.
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Windows as Luminaires
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Recent advances in technology have helped make the window an ally in
efforts to save lighting energy. Properly managed, the new window
technologies can help minimize unwanted solar gains in summer
and heat losses in winter without squandering valuable daylight.
on.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- The A-Team Report
Center for Building Science News #9, Winter 1996
To Media Tip Sheet
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Cutting Energy-Efficiency R&D: Penny-wise and Petro-foolish
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While Congress moves to cut or eliminate a host of government
energy-efficiency programs, little thought is being given to the
billions of dollars of energy savings that will be forfeited by American
homes and businesses. As oil imports eclipse levels that preceded the
first energy crisis, as scientists discover yet more evidence of global
climate change, as energy bills become a higher percentage of income for
the poor, and as our competitor countries expand their energy R&D
spending, we should look before we leap into slashing tomorrow's
programs in the name of "efficiency."
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PowerDOE: A Visual Analysis Tool
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PowerDOE is a new PC-based tool for simulating building energy
performance. To be released in April 1996, it combines the capabilities
of the DOE-2.1E simulation program with an easy-to-use graphical user
interface.
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A Report to the World Energy Council
-
A two-year research effort has culminated in the release of a 500-page
study titled "Energy Efficiency Improvement Utilizing High Technology."
The report was presented to 5,000 participants attending the
16th Congress of the World Energy Council in Tokyo last October.
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UV Waterworks
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Waterborne diseases in the developing world kill more than 400 children
every hour. Researchers have devised an ultraviolet water-disinfection
device based on off-the-shelf fluorescent lamp technology that
costs $300 and produces safe drinking water for 2ยข per ton.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- The A-Team Report
Center for Building Science News #8, Fall 1995
To Media Tip Sheet
-
Building Data Visualization
-
Data visualization for buildings is the display of a rich set of
variables and parameters that managers can use to verify the energy
savings of energy-efficient technology and identify malfunctions in
building equipment or problems with operating strategies. A research
project at the Center for Building Science is aimed at developing data
visualization techniques for improved building management.
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Aerogel: Energy-Efficient Material for Buildings
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Aerogel has great potential in a wide range of applications that include
energy-efficient insulation and windows, acoustics, gas-phase catalysis,
battery technology, and microelectronics. Researchers in the Energy
Conversion and Storage Program have been studying both the basic
properties of aerogel and techniques to refine its desirable qualities,
such as transparency and insulating efficiency.
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Center Research Supports Electric Utility Restructuring
-
The electricity industry in the U.S. is being dramatically restructured
by state regulatory commissions and the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission. Efforts are underway to create a wholesale market for
electricity, with prices to distributing utility companies no longer
being regulated. The work of researchers in the Energy Analysis Program
is helping regulators and industry better understand their options.
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VOC Exposure Metrics and "Sick Building Syndrome"
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Indoor Environment Program researchers have developed new exposure
metrics for volatile organic compounds that account for the high
variability in "potency" of different VOCs to elicit symptoms of sick
building syndrome.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- The A-Team Report
- Energy Currents
Center for Building Science News #7, Summer 1995
To Media Tip Sheet
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Assuring Building Performance: Creating BLISS
-
Despite significant advances in building technology and tighter building
codes, buildings consume one-third of all energy used in the U.S. at a
cost of $200 billion/year, half of which is wasted compared to what is
cost-effectively achievable. Providing designers, builders and operators
with consistent information throughout the life-cycle of a building
provides opportunities for reaching performance potential. A new project
of the Center is developing an interoperable set of software tools
that will respond to the needs of each phase of a building's life-cycle,
and will be linked by a shared informational infrastructure called the
Building Life-cycle Information Support System.
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New Tool for Energy-Efficient Fixtures
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Researchers in LBL's Lighting Systems Research Group have been
conducting a series of studies on the efficiency of a wide cross-section
of CFL fixtures using a newly built apparatus known as a
"goniophotometer".
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Energy and Ventilation Research in Highrise Apartments
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Historically, multifamily buildings have been the most neglected
building sector for retrofit activity in utility and federal programs,
but the last ten years have seen impressive advances in several aspects
of improving the energy efficiency of these buildings.
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Appliance Efficiency Standards, Part 2
-
Appliance efficiency standards provide a minimum requirement for energy
efficiency at the point of manufacture. They seek to overcome market
failuresincluding price distortions, transaction costs, and
bounded rationalitywhich have historically given rise to a gap
between observed and attainable product efficiencies.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- Center Research Facilities
- Sponsors
Center for Building Science News #6, Spring 1995
To Media Tip Sheet
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FEMP at LBL
-
DOE's Federal Energy Management Program coordinates the federal effort
to reduce its own energy use. FEMP plans to use 30% less energy by 2005
than it used in 1985, as well as conserve water. LBL is one of three
national labs providing support to FEMP's efforts.
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Appliance Efficiency Standards
-
In 1987, the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act established the
first national standards for refrigerators and freezers, furnaces air
conditioners, and other appliances, and established a schedule for
possible updates. The national economy benefits by about $1000 for every
federal dollar expended on this program.
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Sulfur Lamps -- The Next Generation of Efficient Light?
-
Sulfur lamps are a revolutionary new light source that efficiently
provide a spectrum of light similar to solar radiation. They are
long-lived and maintain their efficiency and light output over their
entire lifetimes, unlike conventional sources whose outputs typically
diminish by 75%.
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An Inexpensive CO Passive Sampler
-
Indoor Environment Program researchers are developing an inexpensive CO
passive sampler designed for large-scale indoor surveys in cooperation
with The Quantum Group of San Diego. The technology could also be
adapted as an occupational hazard sensor or as a residential warning
system.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- Center Research Facilities
- Sources
- Sponsors
Center for Building Science News #5, Winter 1995
To Media Tip Sheet
-
From the Lab to the Marketplace. . .
-
Facing the U.S. Department of Energy is the challenge of
harnessing the power of its national laboratories in the post-cold-war
era. With a workforce of more than 30,000 scientists and engineers and a
world-class R&D infrastructure, the labs are a major national asset.
Responding to the Secretary of Energy's Task Force on Alternative
Futures for the DOE National Laboratories, the Center has reviewed its
history of doing research for the benefit of the U.S. economy and the
environment.
Some of Our Partners . .
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Energy Efficiency Takes Root at the Presidio of San Francisco
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Plans are under way for an Institute for Sustainable Development at the
Presidio. One of the Institute's first and most important initiatives is
to establish energy efficiency and renewable energy training.
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Envelope and Lighting Technologies to Reduce Electric Demand
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By taking an integrated systems approach to combining disparate building
envelope and lighting components, we can attain higher energy savings
and improved occupant comfort compared to conventional energy-efficient
design practice. This approach is the basis of a research project in the
Building Technologies Program to develop and promote advanced integrated
building systems.
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Aerosol-Based Duct Sealing Technology
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In a typical house with ducts in the attic or crawlspace, approximately
20% of heating and cooling energy is lost through duct leaks.
An aerosol-based sealing technology developed by scientists in the
Indoor Environment Program is an inexpensive new way to seal ducts.
Commercializing a New Technology
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- Center Research Facilities
- Energy Currents
- An Energy-Efficient Plan to Stop Cholera
- Sponsors
Center for Building Science News #4, Fall 1994
To Media Tip Sheet
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The Applications Team is Here!
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The Center's newly founded Applications Team (the A-Team) is ready to do
business with the public and private sectors. It marshals LBL's unique
capabilities and networks to conduct field projects aimed at deploying
advanced energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality concepts in
both the U.S. and overseas buildings sectors
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Hydronic Radiant Cooling Systems
-
This rediscovered technology uses less recirculated air to cool
buildings, saving energy and improving the quality of the indoor
environment. An LBL simulation model of hydronic radiant systems is
under development and will eventually become part of the PowerDOE
building simulation software.
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Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Workshop
-
The U.S. Country Studies Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Assessment Workshop
held in June brought together scientists from 16 nations to develop
plans for halting the growth of GHG emissions.
-
Smart Thermal Skins for Vehicles
-
LBL is studying advanced solar control glazings and insulating shell
components for automobiles that can save one to two billion gallons of
gasoline per year in the U.S. These technologies not only improve a
vehicle's thermal comfort, but also its safety, by reducing glare and
heat, and its weight and cost, by reducing the size of the air
conditioner.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- Center Research Facilities
- Education
- Energy Currents
-
LBL Scientist Joins Clinton Administration
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Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
-
LBL-Russia Collaboration on Lighting
- Sponsors
Center for Building Science News #3, Summer 1994
To Media Tip Sheet
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Our Hand in the Greening of the White House
-
In an effort to provide leadership by example, the Greening of the White
House project is bringing new technology, enlightened operations and
management practices, and revised procurement procedures to the White
House. Experts from the Center for Building Science were among those
participating in an audit aimed at improving the efficiency and reducing
the waste from the First Residence and the adjacent Old Executive Office
Building.
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Developing a Methodology for Identifying High-Radon Areas
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The second and final part of this series describes the Indoor
Environment Program's research on finding the homes with a high
probability of radon exposure.
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Monitoring Buildings with Energy Management and Control Systems
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Buildings that have an EMCS may already have an energy monitoring system
as wellwith a little adaptation.
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Is Demand-Side Management Economically Justified?
-
Recent work by the Energy Analysis Program examines the value of utility
DSM efforts.
-
Computer-Based Design Tools
-
Easier-to-use features in the upcoming releases of PowerDOE and EDA will
help architects proliferate energy-efficient buildings.
- Departments
- News from the D.C. Office
- Center Research Facilities
- A Viewgraph from the Director
- Visitors from Far and Wide
- Energy Currents
- China Information Service
- Greening Our House
- Web Update
- Sponsors
Center for Building Science News #2, Spring 1994
To Media Tip Sheet
-
Energy Efficiency Through Multimedia
-
Educational kiosks and design tools for more energy-efficient buildings
are on the multimedia project slate in the Building Technologies Group.
-
Carrying the Ball on Radon
-
Since 1978, LBL's radon group has been the mainstay in making scientific
advances needed to sustain a sensible strategy for controlling indoor
radon. Unfortunately, that strategy has yet to be implemented.
-
Heat Islands: And How to Cool Them Off
-
White paint and shade trees are simple, effective solutions for lowering
air conditioning energy use.
-
The California Healthy Buildings Study
-
Researchers try to identify the factors in office buildings that cause
adverse health symptoms.
-
Seeing Windows Through
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The National Fenestration Rating Council works with LBL scientists to
develop a window energy rating standard.
-
Bringing Better Planning to Gas Utilities
-
The gas utilities industry looks at integrated resource planning with
the help of Center energy analysts.
- Departments
- A Viewgraph from the Director
- News from the D.C. Office
- Center Research Facilities
- Visitors Far and Wide
- Awards and Citations
- Energy Currents
- CIEE Conference at Berkeley
- Center Scientists Assist Mexico
- World Wide Web Information Services
- Patents
- Sponsors
Center for Building Science News #1, Winter 1993
To Media Tip Sheet
-
Twenty Years of Energy and Environment
-
Established less than two weeks after the first
OPEC oil embargo began in 1973, E&E was born into a world that was
learning spectacular
lessons about the effects of unrestrained energy consumption on the
environment and the
economy.
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Not Cool to Be Hot
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Fluorescent lamps run up to 15% more efficiently with technology
developed at LBL.
-
Appliance Surveys
-
Residential appliance saturation surveys furnish information about the
growth of energy-efficiency measures.
-
Airvest
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A new invention lowers workers' exposure to hazardous sprays while
saving ventilation energy.
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On the Energy Edge
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Energy-saving buildings in the Pacific Northwest are teaching scientists
new tricks.
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Caltrans Retrofit
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The California Department of Transportation retrofits its Marysville
office's lighting with the Center's help.
- Departments
- A Viewgraph from the Director
- News from the D.C. Office
-
Center Research Facilities: The Environmental Chamber
- Visitors Far and Wide
- Awards and Citations
- Energy Currents
- An ADEPT Way to Promote Efficiency
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Retrofit Legislation at the Urban Level
-
Center Becomes Co-Sponsor of the ECEEE Summer Study
EETD News Table of
Contents