• Body mass index (BMI)
  

• Waist circumference
  
• Triceps skinfold thickness
  
• Resting heart rate
  
• Blood pressure
  
• Physical activity monitoring
  
• Sedentary behaviors
  
• Psychosocial measures
  

There is an urgent need for feasible, effective, and cost-efficient programs to help overweight children control their weight. To start to address this unmet need, we are evaluating after school team sports as an intervention for reducing weight gain among low-income and at-risk of being overweight, and overweight children. After school sports programs may be generalizable, motivating, and cost-efficient interventions for long-term weight control among at-risk and overweight children. The infrastructure needed to provide such programs already exists in most communities. In contrast, more traditional, medically- and behaviorally-oriented treatment programs are expensive, generally not very effective, often inconvenient, and not available in most communities. While children involved in team sports tend to be more physically fit than their uninvolved peers, team sports has not yet been tested as a method to increase involvement of at-risk and overweight children in regular physical activity. As an added bonus, these sports programs can displace typical after school television viewing and snacking. Team sports is a potentially innovative and high impact approach for intervening with at-risk and overweight children, as it may provide an opportunity to reduce weight gain while increasing social interaction and self-esteem. If our proposed research finds that team sports are an efficacious intervention for reducing weight gain among low-income, at-risk and overweight children, it is an intervention approach that could be rapidly diffused and tested for effectiveness. The policy implications of these findings would be great, encouraging expanded access to team sports programs to a population that has not been previously targeted or included.

We propose a 1 year randomized controlled trial comparing weight changes among low-income, overweight children randomized to participate in an after school team sports program versus a traditional weight control/health education program.