References
Key Reference List for the HSUS Botulinum Toxin Nomination
Appendix A
H Aoki. 2001. A comparison of the safety margins of
botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, B, and F in mice. Toxicon 39:1815-1820.
H Aoki. 2002. Botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and B
preparations have different safety margins in preclinical models of muscle weakening efficacy
and systemic safety. Toxicon 40:923-928.
J Barr, H Moura, A Boyer, A Woolfitt, S Kalb, A Pavlopoulos, L McWilliams,
J Schmidt, R Martinez, D Ashley. 2005. Botulinum neurotoxin detection
and differentiation by mass spectrometry. Emerging Infectious Diseases 11:1578-1583.
H Bigalke, K Wohlfarth, A Irmer, R Dengler. 2001. Botulinum A toxin: Dysport
improvement of biological availability. Experimental Neurology 168:162-170.
A Boyer, H Moutar, A Wootfittr, S Kalbrt, L McWilliams, A Pavlopoulos, J Schmidt , D Ashtey, J Barr. 2005. From the mouse to the mass spectrometer:
Detection and differentiation of the
endoproteinase activities of botulinum neurotoxins A-G by mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 77:3916-3924.
M Dong, W Tepp, E Johnson, E Chapman. 2004. Using fluorescent sensors to detect botulinum
neurotoxin activity in vitro and in living cells. PNAS 101:14701-14706.
T Ekong, I Feavers, D Sesardic. 1997. Recombinant SNAP-25 is an effective substrate
for Clostridium botulinum type A toxin endopeptidase activity in vitro. MicrobioIogy 143:3337-3347.
G Ferracci, R Miquelis, S Kozaki, M Seagar, C Leveque. 2005.
Synaptic vesicle chips to assay botulinum neurotoxins. Biochem. J. 391:659-666.
S Kalandakanond, J Coffield. 2001. Cleavage of intracellular substrates of
botulinum toxins A, C, and D in a mammalian target tissue.
Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 296:749-755.
L Pearce, G Borodic, E First, R MacCallum. 1994. Measurement of botulinum toxin activity:
Evaluation of the lethality assay. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 128:69-77.
L Pearce, G Borodic, E Johnson, E First, R MacCallum. 1995. The median paralysis unit:
A more pharmacologically relevant unit of biologic activity for botulinum toxin. Toxicon 33:217-227.
L Pearce, E First, R MacCallum, A Gupta. 1997. Review article:
Pharmalogic characterization of botulinum toxin for basic science and medicine. Toxicon 35:1373-1412.
M Takahashi, S Kameyama, G Sakaguchi. 1990. Assay in mice for low levels
of Clostridium botulinum toxin. International Journal of Food Microbiology 11:271-278.
M Wictome, K Newton, K Jameson, B Hallis, P Dunnigan, E Mackay, S Clarke, R Taylor, J Gaze, K Foster, C Shone. 1999. Development of an in vitro bioassay for Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin
in foods that is more sensitive than the mouse bioassay. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65:3787-3792.
Appendix B
K McLellan, R Das, T Ekong, D Sesardic. 1996. Therapeutic botulinum type A toxin:
Factors affecting potency. Toxicon 34:975-985.
D Sesardic, T Leung, R Das. 2003. Role for standards in assays of botulinum toxins: international collaborative study of three preparations of
botulinum type A toxin. Biologicals 31:265-276.
Appendix C
M Balls. 2003. Botulinum toxin testing in animals: The questions remain
unanswered. ATLA 31:611-615.
M Balls, M Stephens. In press. What price vanity? The urgent need to
replace painful animal potency tests for botulinum toxin products. Soap, Perfumery & Cosmetics.
K Bottrill. 2003. Growing old disgracefully: The cosmetic use of
botulinum toxin. ATLA 31:381-391.
R Das, A Heath, H Martin, D Sesardic. 1999. Validation of in vitro
assays for botulinum toxin: A case study. In: Alternatives to Animals in the Development and Control
of Biological Products for Human and Veterinary Use (Brown F, Hendriksen C, Sesardic D, eds). Dev Biol Stand, Vol. 101. Basel:Karger, 267-276.
D Sesardic, R Jones, T Leung, T Alsop, R Tierney. 2004.
Detection of antibodies against botulinum toxins. Movement Disorders 19: S85-S91.
M Stephens, M Balls. In Press. LD50 testing of botulinum toxin for use
as a cosmetic. ALTEX.
|
