| The Belgian PCB and Dioxin Incident of January-June 1999: Exposure Data and Potential Impact on Health Nik van Larebeke,1 Luc Hens,2 Paul Schepens,3 Adrian Covaci,3 Jan Baeyens,4 Kim Everaert,4 Jan L. Bernheim,2 Robert Vlietinck,5 and Geert De Poorter6 1Department of Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine and Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University, Belgium
2Human Ecology Department, Free University Brussels, Belgium;
3Toxicological Center, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
4Department of Chemical Engineering, and 5Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium
6Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Brussels, Belgium Abstract
In January 1999, 500 tons of feed contaminated with approximately 50 kg of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1 g of dioxins were distributed to animal farms in Belgium, and to a lesser extent in the Netherlands, France, and Germany. This study was based on 20,491 samples collected in the database of the Belgian federal ministries from animal feed, cattle, pork, poultry, eggs, milk, and various fat-containing food items analyzed for their PCB and/or dioxin content. Dioxin measurements showed a clear predominance of polychlorinated dibenzofuran over polychlorinated dibenzodioxin congeners, a dioxin/PCB ratio of approximately 1:50,000 and a PCB fingerprint resembling that of an Aroclor mixture, thus confirming contamination by transformer oil rather than by other environmental sources. In this case the PCBs contribute significantly more to toxic equivalents (TEQ) than dioxins. The respective means ± SDs and the maximum concentrations of dioxin (expressed in TEQ) and PCB observed per gram of fat in contaminated food were 170.3 ± 487.7 pg, 2613.4 pg, 240.7 ± 2036.9 ng, and 51059.0 ng in chicken ; 1.9 ± 0.8 pg, 4.3 pg, 34.2 ± 30.5 ng, and 314.0 ng in milk ; and 32.0 ± 104.4 pg, 713.3 pg, 392.7 ± 2883.5 ng, and 46000.0 ng in eggs. Assuming that as a consequence of this incident between 10 and 15 kg PCBs and from 200 to 300 mg dioxins were ingested by 10 million Belgians, the mean intake per kilogram of body weight is calculated to maximally 25,000 ng PCBs and 500 pg international TEQ dioxins. Estimates of the total number of cancers resulting from this incident range between 40 and 8,000. Neurotoxic and behavioral effects in neonates are also to be expected but cannot be quantified. Because food items differed widely (more than 50-fold) in the ratio of PCBs to dioxins, other significant sources of contamination and a high background contamination are likely to contribute substantially to the exposure of the Belgian population. Key words: Belgium, cancer, dioxin, food chain, polychlorinated biphenyls, risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect 109:265-273 (2001) . [Online 1 March 2001] http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2001/109p265-273vanlarebeke/ abstract.html Address correspondence to L. Hens, Human Ecology Department, Free University Brussels - VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: +32-2-477.42.81. Fax: +32-2-477.49.64. E-mail: gronsse@meko.vub.ac.be Received 18 August 2000 ; accepted 19 October 2000.
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