The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of multi-target therapy in the treatment of class III, IV, V+III and V+IV lupus nephritis.

1. To assess the efficacy of FK506 combined with MMF vs intravenous cyclophosphamide (CTX) pulses in treatment of class Ⅲ, Ⅳ,Ⅳ+Ⅴ, Ⅲ+Ⅴ or Ⅴ Lupus Nephritis (LN).
2. To investigate the safety and tolerability of FK506 combined with MMF vs intravenous CTX pulses in the treatment of class Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅳ+Ⅴ, Ⅲ+Ⅴ or Ⅴ LN.

• Drug: mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)
• Drug: Tacrolimus (FK506)

• Experimental: FK506
• Experimental: MMF

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who signed written informed consent form
2. aged between 18-60 years, female or male
3. patients with a diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) according to the criteria of America Rheumatic Association, 1997
4. Patients diagnosed according to ISN/RPS 2003 classification criteria, class Ⅲ, Ⅳ,Ⅳ+Ⅴ, Ⅲ+Ⅴ or Ⅴ LN by renal biopsy within 3 weeks, CI < 3
5. proteinuria ≥ 1.5 g/24h, or active urine sediment in type(RBC > 10×104/ml,or WBC > 5 /HP) IV, V+IV and V+III LN
6. Type III: RBC ≥ 50×104/ml

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who didn't sign written informed consent form
2. Scr > 3.0 mg/dl (265.2 umol/L), eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 (Cockcroft-Gault)
3. Patients who have impaired liver function, with ALT/GPT or AST/GOT twice more than the normal upper limit or who have active hepatitis.
4. Patients who have abnormal blood glucose, with a fasting blood glucose > 6.1 mmol/L or post meal blood glucose > 7.8 mmol/L
5. Patients who have received treatment of cytotoxic drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CTX), FK506 or MMF within 12 weeks
6. Patients could not obey the protocol
7. Patients who are known to be allergic to MMF\FK506\CTX\or steroid
8. Patients who are pregnant or lactating
9. Patients with severe infection or central nervous system symptoms

• Astellas Pharma Inc
• Hoffmann-La Roche