Apparatus of this class is Characterized by the following:
(1) Specialized to the use of electricity as the heat source; (2)
heating within a chamber, enclosure, or other holding means; (3)
melting of a charge (e.g., materials such as crushed ore or scrap),
or preserving a melted charge in a molten state; and (4) manipulated,
or operated in an industrial environment.
Processes of Operating the Apparatus of the above paragraph,
per se, which do not recite a specific metallurgical treatment step.
Residual Industrial Electric Furnace Processes not elsewhere
classifiable.
Industrial Electric Furnaces not elsewhere classifiable.
Apparatus used to simulate electric furnace operations and
that is not elsewhere classifiable.
SUBCOMBINATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRIC FURNACES PROVIDED FOR
IN THIS CLASS
Any subcombination within the purview of the Statement of
Class Subject Matter, above, and disclosed as having primary utility
as part of an industrial electric furnace apparatus.
Other subcombinations (e.g., charge stirring apparatus) either
claimed in conjunction with nominally disclosed industrial furnace
apparatus, or disclosed as having primary utility in an industrial
furnace apparatus except as enumerated by Exclusions, below.
COMBINATIONS OF OTHER APPARATUS WHICH INCLUDES APPARATUS OF
THIS CLASS
Control Systems, or disparate device regulators not elsewhere
classifiable are classified in this class.
Noninteractive combinations where the industrial electric
furnace apparatus is more than nominally claimed, or where the combination
is not elsewhere classifiable are classified in this class.
EXCLUSIONS
(1) An Industrial Electric Furnace which is a subcombination
of a claimed encompassing system;
(2) Residential, or home heating furnace systems, or devices;
(3) Electrical Heating Apparatus with Furnacelike Enclosure,
or holding means where: (a) there is no disclosure of utility relating
to charge melting, or preserving in a molten state, or (b) any utility
requiring melting is incorporated in a specific metallurgical treatment
step (e.g., welding) which is elsewhere classifiable;
(4) Furnace apparatus powered by electricity whose primary
principle of operation is unrelated to heating (e.g., electrolytic
furnaces).
(5) Furnace apparatus of the charging and discharging type,
wherein the furnace is only nominally recited. For example, a furnace
apparatus of the aforementioned type only nominally reciting an
electric furnace having a heating element will be found with the
particular charging and discharging type.
Specialized Metallurgical
Processes, Compositions for use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for processes of consolidating metalliferous
material or extracting, refining, or melting metals and
subclasses 10.1+ for electric reduction processes not directed merely
to processes of operation or manipulation of the furnace.
Furnaces, appropriate subclass, for furnaces of general utility,
especially
subclasses 235+ , for incinerators for the disposal of waster material, which
incinerators may have structure to render a molten material, including
metals, disposable.
Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal,
and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined
single-crystal of all types of materials, including those having
means for zone melting.
Coating Apparatus,
subclasses 58+ for coating apparatus combined with heating means
for drying the coating, or for effecting a metallurgical treatment,
e.g., annealing, of a coated article, or of an article which is
about to be coated, and subclasses 726+ for details of crucible
structures which contain coating material during vaporization.
Stoves and Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for structural features peculiar
to stoves and furnaces, see particularly
subclass 343.5 for melting furnaces, or domestic utility.
Concentrating Evaporators, appropriate subclasses for electrically heated furnaces
for vaporizing liquid for the specific purpose of concentrating
attendant solids.
Boring or Penetrating
the Earth,
subclass 16 for an electrical heating process, or device for forming
a hole in the earth by directly applying heat to fluidize, or comminute
the material forming the earth.
Chemistry: Electrical
and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for electrical furnaces and
electrical processes for electrolysis, or for using electrical energy
to cause chemical change as distinguished for its use for mere heating.
Dispensing,
subclasses 591+ , especially subclasses 592+ for ladles, or tundishes
used to dispense molten metals. Such dispensing vessels may include
means to treat the molten metal where such a treatment is solely
ancillary to and supportive of the dispensing operation, e.g., spout
heaters to prevent clogging of the vessel outlet.
Solid Material Comminution
or Disintegration, appropriate subclass, especially
subclasses 65+ , for comminuting, or disintegrating means, per se,
or combined with heating means which do not effect a change in the
chemical nature of the material being treated.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 251 for molecular, or atomic beam devices for producing
and propagating an unidirectional stream of neutral molecules, or
atoms through a vacuum, usually at thermal velocity, subclasses
324+ for methods and apparatus to irradiate materials by corona radiation,
subclass 423 for methods and apparatus to generate ions, subclasses
428+ for methods and apparatus to support, contain, or transfer
fluent material with, or without an irradiating source, subclasses
453.1+ for methods and apparatus including supports for objects
to be irradiated with, or without an irradiating source, subclasses
458.1+ for methods and apparatus to irradiate luminophors, subclass 492.1+
for methods and apparatus to irradiate objects, or materials generally,
and subclasses 472.1+ for invisible radiation generation and sources,
particularly subclasses 493.1+ for neutron generators.
Plastic and Nonmetallic
Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,
subclass 30 , for methods of forming, or repairing furnace linings
by shaping, e.g., molding, fluent refractory material.
Metallurgical Apparatus, for electric, or nonelectric features of metallurgical
furnaces not limited to characteristics of an electric furnace (except
electric heating or pouring spout, or material at discharge area
when only disclosed in an electric furnace).
Electric Lamp and Discharge
Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses for systems for supplying
electric current to arc furnaces provided that the arc furnace is
only nominally disclosed.
Miscellaneous Active
Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 365+ for miscellaneous gating circuits, subclasses 509+
for miscellaneous externally effected circuits, subclasses 518+
for miscellaneous control circuits, and subclasses 538+ for miscellaneous
bias circuits with regulating.
Induced Nuclear Reactions:
Processes, Systems, and Elements,
subclass 107 , 121+ and 144 for means utilizing an electrically
controlled plasma to produce a thermonuclear reaction.
Material or Article
Handling,
subclasses 147+ for furnace charging apparatus, or for furnace chargers
combined with that specific furnace structure which is solely for
facilitating the movement of the material into the furnace.
Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclasses for furnace lining compositions.
SECTION III - GLOSSARY
ARC
A prolonged electrical discharge, or series of prolonged discharges
between two electrodes, or between an electrode and a current carrying
material.
CHANNEL
A hollow loop, or ring which will contain material to
be heated, and which permits the insertion of a core of iron to
improve the coupling between a primary coil and a secondary in the
loop, or ring.
CHARGE
The material heated by the furnace.
CHARGING
The function of supplying a charge to a furnace.
CRUCIBLE
A component of the furnace which holds, or otherwise contains
the charge.
DISCHARGING
The function of removing a charge from a furnace.
ELECTRODE
An electrical conducting element that emits, or collects electrons,
or ions, or controls their movement by means of an electric field
on it.
ELECTRON BEAM
A narrow stream of electrons moving in the same direction
under the influence of an electric, or magnetic field.
ELECTROSLAG DEVICE
Apparatus enabling one, or more electrodes to be immersed
in a slag layer which floats on top of the melt.
FILAMENT
A slender thread of material.
FURNACE
A chamber, enclosure, or other holding means for heating
materials therein.
GLOW DISCHARGE
The phenomenon of electrical conduction in gasses shown
by a slight luminosity, without great hissing, or noise, and without
appreciable heating, or volatilization of the electrode, when the
electrostatic pressure exceeds a certain value.
HEARTH
The part of the furnace upon which the charge is placed and
melted down, or refined.
INDUCTION HEATING
The method of producing heat in a charge by placing it in
a electromagnetic relationship with an inducing winding, the charge
forming the secondary.
INGOT
The casting obtained when molten metal is poured into
a mold with the expectation that it be further processed.
PLASMA
A wholly, or partially ionized gas in which the positive ions
and the negative electrons are roughly equal in number.
ROOF
A cover, or lid for the furnace.
SLAG
A more, or less completely fused and vitrified material separated
during the reduction of a metal from its ore which generally floats
on top of the molten metal during the heat reduction processes found
in this class.
ZONE MELTING
A process where a selected area of a charge is heated
in liquification.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including plural, different in kind, or type heating elements.
(1)
Note. Usually either the plural heating elements operate
on the same charge, or one of the heating elements operates as a substitute
for the other.
Heating,
subclass 94 for heating apparatus having (a) two distinctly
different types of heat generators, (b) a heat generator and a source
of heat that is not a generator, or (c) a combustion type heat generating
means using two different fuels.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein one of the heating elements is an electric arc between two
electrodes, or between an electrode and a current carrying material
(e.g., the charge material).
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter including means to develop heat by the passage of current
through a material, or device having the property of electrical
resistance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter including means to produce heat in a charge by placing it in
an electromagnetic relationship with an inducing winding, the charge
forming the secondary.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein one of the heating elements is a means to develop
heat by the passage of current through a material, or device having
the property of electrical resistance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Subject matter including means to produce heat in a charge by placing it in
an electromagnetic relationship with an inducing winding, the charge
forming the secondary.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including means to produce heat in a charge by placing it in
an electromagnetic relationship with an inducing winding, the charge
forming the secondary.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to withdraw furnace gases, or to trap dust
and fumes escaping from the furnace while in operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject mater wherein, the furnace heating element is an electric arc between
two electrodes, or between an electrode and a current carrying material
(e.g., the charge material).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein heat is generated to melt charge material by the
effects of the impingement, of a directed beam, of accelerated electrons
on the charge.
Specialized Metallurgical
Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 10.19+ for the production of metal or the treatment of
molten metal using a wholly or partially charged mixture of gaseous
ions and electrons (i.e. plasma) as the source of thermal energy.
Electric Heating,
subclasses 121.13+ for welding, machining and general heating applications
utilizing electron beams, search here also for electron guns, or
emitters, per se.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 251 for molecular, or atomic beam devices for producing
and propagating a unidirectional stream of neutral molecules, or atoms
through a vacuum, usually at thermal velocity, subclasses 324+ for methods
and apparatus to irradiate materials by corona radiation, subclass
423 for methods and apparatus to generate ions, subclasses 428+
for methods and apparatus to support, contain, or transfer fluent
material with, or without an irradiating source, subclass 453.11
for methods and apparatus including supports for objects to be irradiated
with, or without an irradiating source, subclass 458.1 for the methods
and apparatus to irradiate luminophors, subclasses 492.1+ for methods
and apparatus to irradiate objects, or materials generally, and
subclass 493.1 for invisible radiation generation and sources, particularly
subclasses 493.1+ for neutron generators.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein the charge is heated by the electron beam to a gaseous
state.
(1)
Note. Generally crucibles are fully charged, then moved into
an area to be struck by the electron beam and then out from under
the beam when the charge is substantially vaporized.
Chemical Apparatus
and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclass 244 for serially disposed vaporizing heating means with
solid material deposition means maintained at a temperature lower than
said heating means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein a previously melted and subsequently solidified ingot
charge is remelted by the furnace.
Specialized Metallurgical
Processes, Compositions for use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 10.11 for processes of zone melting of metal.
Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal,
and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor,
subclasses 37+ for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal
of all types of materials, including by zone melting, and subclasses
219+ for non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined single-crystal
of all types of materials, including by zone melting means.
Chemical Apparatus
and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclass 250.1 for non-coating crystallizing apparatus which includes
means for zone melting, not including means for chemical reaction,
and not provided for elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a plasma generating means as the heat source to
melt, or otherwise treat the material within the furnace device.
(1)
Note. A plasma flame is generated when an ionizable gas is
forced through an electrical field.
(2)
Note. Plasmatrons are also referred to as "arc torches,"
"plasma guns", etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the material being heated is heated principally
by heat radiation from the plasma flame, without direct contact
with the flame.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the plasma furnace remelts ingots produced from
a previous melting/costing process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter wherein the plasma flame expands, usually in a conical shape,
as it extends away from the plasmatron.
Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 335 for nonelectric glass furnaces with furnace charging
means; subclass 347 for nonelectric furnaces having a structurally
defined delivery or fining zone, and see the search notes thereunder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter wherein the glass is melting in a bushing from which the molten
glass is discharged as filaments, the bushing being heated by passing
a current therethrough.
Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 384+ for glass fiber and filament making apparatus,
especially subclasses 493+ for means for forming bushings with designated
compositions; subclasses 496+ for means for forming specified bushing
tip or glass feeder structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter wherein the glass is melted, or maintained in a molten condition
by passing an electric current therethrough between at least two
electrodes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter including heating means mounted in the passageway between
the plural furnace sections, or including furnaces where the heating
current flows between electrodes mounted one in each furnace section.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter wherein the batch is heated prior to being charged into
the furnace, also preheating may be achieved by utilizing the waste
heat from the furnace, or by means of a separate heat source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter wherein means are provided at, or near the discharge opening
of the furnace to heat the material as it is discharged.
Miscellaneous Active
Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 365+ for miscellaneous gating circuits, subclasses 509+
for miscellaneous externally effected circuits, subclasses 518+
for miscellaneous control circuits, and subclasses 538+ for miscellaneous
bias circuits with regulating.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the electrodes are arranged in the furnace to achieve
specific electrical characteristics within the melt (e.g., for specific
heating patterns in the melt, or to eliminate overlap between heating
currents).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein during electrode remelting the electrode is immersed
in a slag layer which floats on top of the melt.
Specialized Metallurgical
Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 10.24+ for processes in which an electrode is in electrical
contact with a slag and the electrical current therebetween melts the
electrode causing the molten metal therefrom to be refined by passing through
the slag.
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter wherein more than one furnace unit, or crucible is provided
at one location for cooperative simultaneous, or sequential operation.
(1)
Note. Plural crucibles may be provided to be placed under
one electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter having means for adding material to the furnace to initiate
operation.
(1)
Note. Generally molten, or granular slag is added to fill
the space between the electrode end and the crucible bottom to complete
the electrical circuit and thus commence furnace operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter wherein the power is regulated by changing the depth of immersion
of the electrode into the slag.
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter including the shape, or composition of electrodes utilized
in the electroslag remelting furnace.
Metallurgical Apparatus,
subclasses 148+ for means treating, or handling gases exhausted
by the treating means by condensing and collecting a volatile constituent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter including a furnace having a means to develop heat by the passage
of current through a material, or device having the property of
electrical resistance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter wherein the charge completes the circuit and the internal resistance
of the charge is the heating element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter including an induction coil to subject the charge to a variable
electromagnetic field for producing a heating current by internal
resistance losses in the charge.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the charge is heated by means of an electric arc
produced between opposed electrodes (indirect arc furnaces) or between
an electrode and the charge (direct arc furnaces).
Chemistry: Electrical
and Wave Energy,
subclass 171 for arc furnaces used for the preparation of acetylene by
pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, especially with the removal of carbon deposits
from the arc region.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter wherein the arc is between spaced electrodes, or between an
electrode and the crucible exterior and the material is heated by
radiation from the arc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter including both direct and indirect arc heating, or which may
be changed from one to the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter wherein the electrode is metal mass which is reheated to liquification
to form the charge of the furnace.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein the environment within the remelting furnace is regulated
to have a specific pressure, a vacuum, or a specific medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter including means to support, or at least partially contain the
electrode, or means to direct the position, or movement of the electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter including means to control the arc heating capability either,
by maintaining a desired electrical power input, or by maintaining
a desired arc length.
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter wherein the furnace body is sealed and means are provided to
increase the pressure within the furnace, or to create a vacuum
therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter wherein more than one complete furnace is provided in the
same general location for cooperative simultaneous, or sequential
operation.
(1)
Note. The furnace unit may be movable from one heating station
to another, or the contents of one furnace may be discharged from
one furnace to another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter including means to supply charge material to the furnace, or
means to let out the heated charge from the furnace.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter including specific means to charge the furnace from the top.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes furnaces having chutes for charging
extending through the roof as well as furnaces having a movable
roof to open the furnace for charging.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter wherein the hearth, or crucible includes means in its bottom,
or lowest point to discharge the molten charge of the furnace.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter wherein means is provided to mix, agitate, or otherwise move
the furnace charge while it is within the furnaces.
(1)
Note. Generally the charge is undergoing treatment within
the furnace as it is manipulated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter for poking the top of the furnace charge to fracture incrustation
of the molten charge material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter wherein an electrode means is made in situ by adding raw electrode
material in the form of a paste to an electrode casing above the
furnace, forcing the paste down the casing whereby it bakes into
a solid electrode as it enters into the furnace.
(1)
Note. The baking is a result of the heat from within furnaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter wherein the electrode is composed of a water cooled top section
and a replaceable, usually carbon, bottom, or tip portion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter including structural means to support the electrode means above
the melt during operation of the furnace.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter including means to close off the interstices between the electrode
means and openings in the furnace roof, or sidewall through which
the electrode means extends to prevent the escape of fumes, etc.,
from the furnace.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter including a casing means into which electrode material in the
form of a paste is fed and from which the baked electrode emerges.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter wherein the support system arrangements extends vertically,
adjacent the furnace body, and forms a support for the electrode
crosshead.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter which extend horizontally from the mast and have a clamp
to hold the electrode suspended over the melt.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter including holder, or support means to permit selective slippage
of a consumable electrode into the furnace.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems, appropriate subclasses for systems for supplying
electric current to arc furnaces provided that the arc furnace is
only nominally disclosed.
Miscellaneous Active
Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 530+ for miscellaneous circuits with specific source
of supply or bias voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter including means to control the electrical power to the arc.
(1)
Note. Where the power to the arc is regulated without changing
the arc length, the voltage is regulated by means of an induction
regulator, or by changing the forms of connections used (i.e., top changing).
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter wherein the arc power is regulated by changing the positions
of the arc electrodes relative to the charge or each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter including magnetic means to rotate, deflect, or otherwise effect
change in the arc parameter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter wherein the environment within the furnace housing is regulated
to have a specific pressure, a vacuum, or a specific medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter including devices for supplying the charge into the furnace,
or taking the charge out of the furnace.
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter including means to mix, agitate, or otherwise move the charge
within a furnace heating chamber.
Heating,
subclasses 103+ for nonelectric furnaces where the charge, or melt material
is heated in a rotary drum structure; subclasses 120+ for other nonelectric
furnaces with charge, or melt manipulation means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter including specific features of the electrical resistance means.
(1)
Note. These features include the shape, or composition of
the resistance, the mounting means for, or the terminal means directly
connected to the resistor, or the means rendering the resistance electrically
conductive.
Electric Heating,
subclasses 50+ for resistance heating where the internal resistance
of the work is the heating element; appropriate subclasses under subclasses
200+ for details of electrical resistance heating elements of general
utility.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter wherein the heating element is an electrically conductive vessel
for containing the charge of the furnace.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter wherein a molten material completes the circuit and the internal
resistance of the molten material is the heating element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter wherein a salt is melted by passing electric current through
it and the charge is immersed in the salt and is heated by conduction,
with the salt performing the dual function of resistance medium
and heat-transfer medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter including means to preheat the principal heating means of
the furnace to a temperature for rendering the heating means electrically
conductive.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter including specific structural details of the connection point
between the charge, or melt and the electrical power supply.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter with details of the means for attaching the heating element to
some other part of the furnace.
Electric Heating,
subclass 424 for resistance heating elements combined with a
container for the material being heated, where the resistance heating element
either surrounds, or is embedded within the walls of the container.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems, appropriate subclasses for systems for supplying
electric current to arc furnace provided that the arc furnace is
only nominally disclosed.
Miscellaneous Active
Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 365+ for miscellaneous gating circuits, subclasses 509+
for miscellaneous externally effected circuits, subclasses 518+
for miscellaneous control circuits, and subclasses 538+ for miscellaneous
bias circuits with regulating.
Specialized Metallurgical
Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 301 for reactive furnace linings.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including an induction coil to subject the charge to a variable
electromagnetic field for producing a heating current by internal
resistance losses in the charge.
Specialized Metallurgical
Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 10.11 for processes of zone melting of metal.
Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal,
and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor,
subclasses 37+ for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal
of all types of materials, including by zone melting, and subclasses
219+ for non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined single-crystal
of all types of materials, including by zone melting means.
Chemical Apparatus
and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclass 250.1 for non-coating crystallizing apparatus which includes
means for zone melting, not including means for chemical reaction,
and not provided for elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the atmosphere is an enclosed space from which air,
or other gases have been removed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter including means to supply charge material to the furnace, or
means to let out the heated charge from the furnace.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein the furnace, or a portion thereof is inclined from
its vertical position to either charge, or discharge the furnace.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter including means to mix, agitate, or otherwise move the charge
within a furnace heating chamber.
Heating,
subclasses 103+ for nonelectric furnaces where the charge, or melt material
is heated in a rotary drum structure; subclasses 120+ for other nonelectric
furnaces with charge, or melt manipulation means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter including means to provide electrical current and voltage for
the induction furnace device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter wherein the induced current is produced by wrapping a current
carrying wire around the charge, or around means intermediate the
charge and the wire.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter including means to hold, or maintain the coil in a particular
configuration with respect to the furnace.
Specialized Metallurgical
Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 301 for reactive furnace linings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter wherein the crucible is constructed of material which allows
the flow of electric current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the induced current is produced by wrapping a current
wire around the charge, or around means intermediate the charge
and the wire.
Specialized Metallurgical
Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 301 for reactive furnace linings.
Specialized Metallurgical
Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 301 for reactive furnace linings.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including electric furnace device details not provided for
in the other subclasses of this class.
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