| 1990s
1990
Oatrim fat replacer for food developed
from soluble oat fiber and natural enzymes.
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
passed.
Technique developed to grow taxol-producing
cells in tissue culture.
Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act
passed.
Africanized honeybees entered the U.S.
Demonstrated that genes could be infected using a
commercially available inoculation device dubbed "gene gun"
Developed test to rapidly diagnose citrus
blight.
With CSREES, launched MSEA (Management Systems Evaluation Area) projects to
develop multi-scale farming systems for improved water quality.
With NRCS, designed criteria for soil and water conservation structures,
such as vegetative waterways to protect millions of acres from runoff damage.
1991
Rely soft white club wheat released;
main club wheat cultivar in the U.S. since 1996.
Ranger Russet potato released.
Discovered first-ever homeobox—region
of a gene that enables it to control other genes—in plants.
Patented new soybean inoculant--live,
nitrogen-fixing bacteria--that increased soybean yield up to 2.9 bushels per
acre. (more)
Shasta viburnum released.
Diana hibiscus released.
Released Nitrate leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP),
field-scale computer model for predicting potential nitrate leaching
1992
Entire sequence of one out of 16 chromosomes of a yeast identified.
Generated molecular probes to detect citrus
canker disease.
SoilGardTM, the first commercial biocontrol
agent for soil-borne diseases, developed in cooperation with industry.
Identified and cloned genes responsible for
antibiotic production in soil bacteria responsible for take-all decline.
First sensitive and specific test for
Babesia equii antibody developed.
Patented test to differentiate strains of
citrus tristeza; a virus that can kill trees. (more)
Eskimo viburnum released.
Galaxy magnolia released.
1993
First genetic map of blueberry
constructed.
Developed paper from chicken
feathers.
Showed that deficiency in either selenium or
vitamin E can trigger a mutation in a normal benign human virus; first report
of a specific nutritional deficiency permitting a nonvirulent virus to become
virulent. (more)
Discovered that latex from guayule does not
contain the allergens found in latex from the Brazilian rubber tree.
Potomac pear released.
Developed remote-sensing technology to
measure surface soil moisture, temperature, and other landscape
characteristics.
1994
Fantesk invented; an inseparable mixture
of starch and oil.
Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)
method of measuring antioxidant capacity automated.
Developed method to genetically modify
Brucella abortus Strain 19, to differentiate between naturally
infected and vaccinated animals.
First genetic linkage maps of cattle and
swine constructed.
First sensitive and specific test developed
for malignant catharrhal fever in sheep.
Black emerald grapes released.
1995
First complete genome sequence of a microorganism described.
Little Giant processing blueberry
released.
Conducted extensive outdoor tests with PAM,
polyacrylamide powder, showing its efficacy in preventing irrigation water from
carrying away soil particles as the water flows down a furrow and leading to
widespread use.
First two postharvest biofungicides
registered with EPA—ASPIRE and BIO-SAVE 11—based on ARS
research.
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
completed. (more)
Valley Forge and New Harmony elm trees
released; tolerant to Dutch elm disease.
Experimentally infected cattle with
transmissible mink encephalopathy and scrapie agents.
Dwelley, Sanford, and Myles chickpeas
released; resistant to ascochyta blight.
Four water-quality assessment models delivered to NRCS, which developed a
comprehensive database/interface system. These models set the standard for
resource predictions for over a decade.
Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) made publicly available. Today the
model is used around the world for aiding soil and water management.
1996
Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act established the Environmental
Quality Improvement Program and other conservation programs.
Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act passed.
Isolated and developed DNA test to identify
bacterium that caused swine diarrhea.
First sensitive and specific test for
anaplasmosis antibody in cattle developed.
1997
Cloned a plant-derived gene for
resistance to a plant virus, the "N" gene.
"Dolly" cloned from an udder cell of an adult
sheep.
Phytoplasma discovered as the infectious
cause of commercially desirable free-branching growth habit in
poinsettia.
Developed technique for large-scale
extraction of limonoid glucosides from citrus.(more)
Trailblazer alfalfa released.
1998
Bacterial microbe mixture PREEMPT
developed for competitive exclusion of Salmonella.
Method developed to recycle
chromium-containing solid waste from leather production.
First genetically engineered vaccine for
shipping fever in cattle developed.
First effective lure for German yellowjacket
and golden paper wasps developed.
Discovered that dogs are a definitive host
for Neospora.
First sensitive and specific test to detect
Babesia caballi antibody in horses developed.
Gene-based test for Johne's disease in
cattle developed.
Bluebyrd plum released.
1999
Executive Order 13112 on Invasive Species signed.(more)
Modified live-bacterium fish vaccine
approved; protects young channel catfish against enteric septicemia.
USDA helps develop P Index, a tool for guiding
phosphorous management in order to reduce eutrophication.
Unique plants found for removal of toxic trace
elements from contaminated soils and water, as well as for metal recovery.
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