Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS)
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Table A1 - Coefficients from the Estimated Model of 1990 Time-Use Behavior

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Independent variables Workers, Travel to Workers, Time at Nonworkers, Travel to Nonworkers, Time to
Home Work Shop Other Home Work Shop Other Home Shop Other Home Shop Other
States                            
Alabama 4.08 8.22 0.1 -1.58 7.49 -10.65 -17.26 9.59 -7.75 -0.93 1.24 -42.54 0.73 49.26
Arizona 4.64 10.25 -0.61 -2.52 -69.08 63.95 -6.98 0.35 16 -0.07 4.02 -89.63 37.9 31.79
Arkansas -4.45 -2.56 -0.69 -0.37 -13.45 -35.20 -11.95 68.67 -18.51 3.22 -5.88 37.64 -7.03 -9.44
California 5.79 3.78 0.53 -0.42 -28.74 -10.22 4.51 24.76 -7.19 -1.34 2.01 -5.71 2.82 9.41
Colorado 5.3 6.01 0.87 -5.15 -6.26 8.85 -3.93 -5.68 2.58 -2.96 -2.07 36.56 -11.58 -22.53
Connecticut 2.35 0.7 0.33 -0.18 -16.61 20.37 -5.23 -1.72 -6.72 -3.79 -4.30 53.85 -7.43 -31.59
Florida 0.89 2.53 -0.49 -1.97 -20.05 -3.71 -2.76 25.56 -9.10 -0.93 -4.40 15.5 -1.56 0.49
Georgia 0.24 3.63 -0.88 2.15 -62.20 59.71 -4.79 2.14 1.73 0.86 -1.21 20.93 -1.92 -20.39
Illinois 1.84 4.87 -1.73 -1.97 -52.87 49.98 -7.78 7.66 10.16 -1.49 2.5 -11.40 -5.59 5.83
Indiana 4.83 3.37 -0.85 -0.59 -52.60 22.7 -3.18 26.32 -0.14 -1.54 -2.74 31.41 -1.26 -25.73
Iowa 3.36 1.32 -0.66 -5.49 -9.14 -2.51 -13.13 26.25 -18.58 6.09 0.83 -26.06 38.96 -1.24
Kansas -8.43 -5.48 -1.63 -1.33 117.28 -125.98 13.72 11.86 13.82 3.45 -7.14 -84.28 3.32 70.83
Kentucky 7.09 3.51 -2.77 4.33 -64.75 54.95 -16.49 14.13 -11.54 -0.88 18.34 30.37 -1.80 -34.49
Louisiana -3.32 1.5 -1.20 5.07 -25.95 21.57 -12.05 14.38 -12.03 -3.46 -6.17 66.76 -4.13 -40.98
Maryland 8.23 7.9 -0.51 0.64 -74.10 14.91 -7.21 50.14 -9.23 -2.13 -4.82 41.47 -13.44 -11.84
Massachusetts 6.62 0.5 0.12 -0.98 25.53 -46.75 -8.60 23.56 -1.91 0.68 -10.04 73.53 5.18 -67.44
Michigan 11.67 0.42 0.09 -2.36 -55.63 -4.24 1.22 48.83 -9.94 -0.45 -8.35 46.06 20.95 -48.27
Minnesota 0.5 2.24 0.74 -3.68 -9.41 -12.18 1.8 20 8.83 -0.63 -8.08 -3.43 12.58 -9.27
Mississippi -4.26 8.99 2.64 7.87 -81.30 16.14 6.07 43.85 -1.91 0.53 5.17 -4.10 0.22 0.1
Missouri -2.06 8.29 -1.75 -4.17 -65.69 126.57 -18.81 -42.38 -2.26 6.54 -14.02 62.68 63.93 -116.87
New Jersey 8.14 10.02 -0.30 -2.09 -43.83 32.02 -11.02 7.05 -2.99 -1.45 -11.13 66.98 -12.07 -39.33
New York 8.02 6.24 2.4 -0.44 -49.95 33.45 -4.57 4.84 0.52 -2.25 -2.80 32.44 -2.72 -25.18
North Carolina -5.12 3.69 -1.32 1.6 -42.68 70.62 -10.94 -15.85 -14.83 -2.01 3.39 41.56 -2.76 -25.36
Ohio 3.18 -1.02 1.69 1.14 -8.93 -22.73 -3.32 29.99 -7.08 -0.73 -4.04 0.37 1.38 10.1
Oklahoma -5.36 0.89 -2.39 -2.00 62.88 -60.23 -14.28 20.5 1.03 0.53 -6.75 33.2 13.43 -41.44
Oregon -5.24 0 -1.45 -3.67 -54.69 80.52 -6.32 -9.14 -18.90 7.77 -4.72 33.24 40.54 -57.93
Pennsylvania -0.24 2.15 -1.06 -1.74 -33.18 35.11 -13.03 11.99 2.43 0.01 -4.46 28.57 9.22 -35.77
South Carolina -2.81 -0.49 0.88 -4.82 -8.06 48.09 -12.18 -20.60 -14.55 -2.64 -10.12 46.8 2.35 -21.84
Tennessee -5.19 0.52 0.44 -3.31 -26.33 41.12 -3.67 -3.58 -13.07 -0.69 -8.02 55.22 -6.33 -27.11
Texas 5.88 2.28 0.22 1.06 -16.49 -5.60 -7.20 19.86 -7.20 -1.02 -2.70 42.42 -10.12 -21.39
Virginia 2.76 1.86 -0.25 -2.52 2.1 -1.84 -1.96 -0.16 -12.43 -0.27 -9.36 37.95 -5.82 -10.08
Washington 4.94 7.82 3.79 1.12 -60.56 20.67 -7.39 29.61 0 -0.34 4.04 1.87 -14.80 9.22
Population density                            
0-99 6.27 1.5 0.69 -11.13 51.64 11.52 -1.56 -58.92 0.72 -3.20 -4.80 99.93 -42.69 -49.96
100-249 3.21 1.53 1.53 -12.05 45.45 14.39 4.31 -58.37 3.42 -3.04 -2.63 67.04 -36.60 -28.20
250-499 2.63 2.17 0.65 -11.81 46.23 12.74 6.19 -58.78 -8.99 -2.23 -7.62 80.54 -32.35 -29.35
500-749 4.82 1.11 0.32 -11.29 57.9 16.56 2.26 -71.68 4.48 -1.85 -0.66 55.25 -21.79 -35.42
750-999 -3.02 -0.59 2.03 -11.10 52.86 8.84 12.68 -61.70 2.15 1.89 3.94 35.78 -26.67 -17.09
1,000-1,999 0.68 1.91 0.29 -9.60 60.44 3.11 1.46 -58.29 -4.60 0.57 -1.34 54.86 -32.11 -17.38
2,000-2,999 1.28 0.09 0.91 -11.37 82.81 -26.88 6.13 -52.98 -9.63 -1.92 -2.55 78.6 -37.71 -26.78
3,000-3,999 2.66 1.27 0.26 -13.74 33.88 28.64 1.3 -54.27 1.07 -3.07 -7.54 54.27 -30.42 -14.30
4,000-4,999 0.37 2.26 1.17 -11.23 33.87 17.89 8.71 -53.04 -13.85 -1.35 -11.32 113.92 -31.33 -56.06
5,000-7,499 1.62 4.86 0.56 -10.17 56.93 -2.72 0.21 -51.29 -4.59 -1.51 -0.92 39.32 -21.93 -10.37
7,500-9,999 -1.39 2.42 1.45 -8.35 106.74 -41.52 1.81 -61.17 1.72 -1.70 -6.95 101.79 -38.47 -56.39
10,000-49,999 9.31 6.42 -0.18 -12.91 86.64 -8.91 2.29 -82.66 -5.14 0.92 -4.45 71.79 -24.54 -38.58
50,000+ 4.63 18.45 -0.58 -12.53 36.88 24.46 12.18 -83.48 -6.63 1.17 3.17 124.52 -7.43 -114.80
Household income                            
Less than $5,000 -1.21 -1.40 0.32 0.11 100.8 -103.15 6.7 -2.18 -7.77 0.46 -5.61 38.15 8.01 -33.25
$5,000-$9,999 -8.08 -0.65 0.29 1.74 -1.09 15.02 10.49 -17.71 -2.33 0.19 -4.55 20.55 -0.63 -13.23
$10,000-$14,999 -5.47 -0.58 0.28 1.65 18.65 -21.63 -1.09 8.19 1.33 -0.06 -1.43 22.08 2 -23.92
$15,000-$19,999 -5.34 0.04 0.7 0.54 25.48 -34.85 0.07 13.37 -1.81 1.31 -1.72 34.05 -0.97 -30.85
$20,000-$24,999 -3.89 -1.66 0.17 1.93 6.71 -27.35 2.27 21.82 0.09 1.49 -1.11 16.15 11.32 -27.93
$25,000-$29,999 -2.77 -1.12 0.64 5.19 -4.72 -36.87 7.87 31.78 1.42 2.66 8.55 -19.02 8.42 -2.03
$30,000-$34,999 -0.14 -2.00 1.44 4.14 -14.58 -42.35 10.77 42.72 -0.64 1.44 0.7 29.57 8.16 -39.23
$35,000-$39,999 -2.11 -0.21 1.1 4.05 -17.21 -17.94 8.11 24.19 1.57 0.38 2.28 -4.00 9.01 -9.24
$40,000-$44,999 2.5 1.98 0.22 4.3 -14.24 -22.04 -0.96 28.24 -2.42 2.19 2.53 -52.43 27 23.14
$45,000-$49,999 7.2 1.07 2.7 11.24 6.25 -83.07 10.01 44.59 3.26 2.19 1.43 -11.87 7.1 -2.12
$50,000-$54,999 4.36 2.83 1.43 3.62 0.7 -52.36 7.9 31.51 2.89 0.51 2.77 5.16 15.48 -26.80
$55,000-$59,999 7.3 3.82 1.14 6.85 15.51 -67.76 16.44 16.7 14.92 6.7 -0.12 -71.95 41.57 8.88
$60,000-$64,999 9.76 3.41 0.52 4.9 -21.25 -86.72 7.32 82.07 -10.14 2.45 -3.75 4.34 15.16 -8.06
$65,000-$69,999 3.87 -2.12 1.08 10.39 -32.03 -46.54 10.28 55.08 -3.01 -2.18 2.57 -20.73 24.28 -0.93
$70,000-$74,999 9.78 5.23 6.73 9.01 -49.11 -71.92 26.28 64 0.21 -3.20 9.88 -38.62 22.65 9.09
$75,000-$79,999 -2.96 0.35 -0.53 9.32 27.93 -83.91 -1.98 51.77 -20.04 1.91 -9.29 96.07 28.85 -97.50
$80,000+ 6.39 2.63 0.78 8.88 -1.96 -67.55 -0.92 51.76 10.31 3.01 16.78 -37.46 1.29 6.06
Lifecycle (Adults, youngest child age)                            
1, NA -62.98 2.41 3.9 -34.23 22.65 74.38 -29.52 23.39 -10.53 -3.93 -9.25 7.2 -28.25 44.77
2+, NA -68.04 4.03 2.7 -38.88 9.27 133.11 -37.27 -4.91 -5.88 -2.32 -8.54 12.26 -27.58 32.05
1, 0-5 -65.13 0.85 3.79 -33.00 36.75 31.22 -39.53 65.05 -12.46 -5.12 -11.00 35.16 -26.74 20.15
2+, 0-5 -69.53 6.55 2.68 -39.59 39.76 105.05 -36.00 -8.93 -15.23 -3.37 -11.76 39.04 -28.63 19.96
1, 6-15 -59.88 3.43 2.74 -33.36 13.98 59.15 -33.00 46.94 -11.05 -2.05 0.34 -78.44 -21.88 113.08
2+, 6-15 -66.99 3.07 2.81 -40.53 41.95 105.62 -35.33 -10.60 -8.21 -1.68 -10.14 -15.78 -20.75 56.56
1, 16-21 -66.99 3.03 2.81 -37.59 97.23 38.36 -37.64 0.78 -4.59 -3.07 -20.35 63.81 -31.67 -4.12
2+, 16-21 -67.34 -0.64 2.04 -39.22 45.49 109.62 -40.56 -9.40 -4.06 -3.63 -9.81 -34.44 -31.49 83.43
1, retired, NA -35.88 -7.34 -0.11 -18.44 222.12 -77.56 -59.52 -23.28 -6.24 -2.62 -8.33 17.8 -26.21 25.58
2+ , retired NA -64.05 4.55 1.92 -38.51 55.79 78.88 -37.43 -1.14 -8.44 -2.21 -16.74 61.69 -25.69 -8.59
Sex                            
Male 2.4 3.26 -1.02 -2.04 -22.61 49.63 -10.63 -18.99 1.78 0.18 -1.04 3.78 -7.38 2.68
Month                            
January -0.30 -1.60 -1.43 -1.34 27.78 -15.43 -5.34 -2.34 -3.35 -0.44 -3.75 42.06 -16.66 -17.86
February 2.36 -0.29 -0.82 1.96 15.83 -34.58 -3.85 19.38 0.27 -0.45 -0.15 14.47 -13.59 -0.54
March 1.28 0.33 -0.30 2.64 -42.50 34.04 -5.88 10.41 -2.56 -1.96 4.78 -28.12 -16.65 44.5
April 3.53 1.08 -1.42 3.96 -13.38 -14.46 -7.68 28.39 2.41 -0.11 5.04 -16.04 -14.99 23.69
May 2.36 2.36 -0.41 6 2.09 -40.57 -4.75 32.92 -0.14 -0.16 5.11 -12.94 -16.69 24.83
June 3.16 0.14 -0.89 3.5 -13.64 -10.26 -5.48 23.49 1.31 0.17 12.74 -58.21 -17.13 61.11
July 10.68 2.91 -1.10 6.49 -21.10 -0.21 -8.28 10.61 0.78 -0.99 1.36 12.2 -8.08 -5.28
August 5.12 -0.10 -0.60 1.02 -7.21 -6.00 -7.60 15.36 -4.25 -0.17 -0.27 45.86 -13.86 -27.30
September 1.19 1.65 0.24 3.47 -20.52 1.06 -4.44 17.36 -3.20 -1.35 -1.21 53.01 -22.83 -24.42
October 0.67 0.44 -0.61 1.99 16.52 -7.91 -7.46 -3.64 2.55 -1.39 -2.73 27.57 -12.20 -13.80
November 4.12 -0.63 -0.34 1.78 15.82 -24.39 -0.62 4.25 -0.61 -0.20 1.21 -14.53 -6.24 20.37
Day of week                            
Sunday -0.48 -3.09 -2.10 -0.54 50.9 -40.69 -12.02 8.03 -6.11 -0.95 1.38 -1.75 -23.43 30.87
Monday -8.48 12.15 -3.59 -8.98 -200.82 234.13 -17.30 -7.11 -2.22 -2.26 5.25 3.52 -27.37 23.08
Tuesday -8.18 11.57 -3.26 -6.96 -223.99 254.35 -19.95 -3.57 -8.32 -0.51 0.48 -17.42 -16.67 42.43
Wednesday -11.29 15.46 -3.89 -7.59 -239.79 257.03 -20.48 10.54 -5.51 0.49 4.45 -52.39 -11.03 63.99
Thursday -8.82 12.22 -3.79 -7.57 -238.03 268.9 -16.65 -6.27 -12.26 0.81 -0.97 -11.81 -14.50 38.73
Friday -5.59 12.29 -2.93 -4.75 -228.55 235.15 -21.02 15.41 -12.21 0.29 1.42 -15.73 -6.47 32.71
Constant 95.33 -4.48 3.1 64.6 1,023.01 41.81 82.25 134.38 55.96 10.77 33.67 1,103.21 118.11 118.27
r-squared 0.035 0.092 0.039 0.042 0.122 0.141 0.034 Derived 0.06 0.075 0.076 0.091 0.067 Derived

NOTE: Derived indicates that the model was derived based on constraint equations, not estimated.

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