Content with the tag: “phoenix”
-
Water May Have Shaped Solar System's Tallest Mountain
Using computer modeling, researchers have determined that Mars’ Olympus Mons volcano – the tallest mountain in the solar system – may have formed on a bed of clay and sediments. The researchers believe that pockets of ancient water may still be trapped beneath the mountain, potentially creating an environment suitable for life.Source: [Astrobiology Magazine]
March 6, 2009 / Posted by: Aaron Gronstal
-
Carbonate Conundrum
NASA’s Phoenix lander mission is now over, and scientists are analyzing the data collected from its various experiments. Phoenix’s discovery of carbonates in the frozen northern soil of Mars indicates the area once could have had liquid water. However, there is no way to tell if the carbonates formed locally, or if they came from somewhere else on the planet and blew in with the wind.Source: [Astrobiology Magazine]
November 17, 2008 / Written by: Henry Bortman
-
The Sun is Setting on Phoenix
NASA’s Phoenix Lander is continuing to analyze the soil of Mars, providing further indications that liquid water was present at the surface. This is the first step in determining if Mars was once habitable for life as we know it.
Source: [Astrobiology Magazine]
October 12, 2008 / Posted by: Shige Abe -
NASA Mars Lander Sees Falling Snow, Soil Data Suggest Liquid Past
NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander has detected snow falling from Martian clouds. Spacecraft soil experiments also have provided evidence of past interaction between minerals and liquid water, processes that occur on Earth.
A laser instrument designed to gather knowledge of how the atmosphere and surface interact on Mars has detected snow from clouds about 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) above the spacecraft’s landing site. Data show the snow vaporizing before reaching the ground.
“Nothing like this view has ever been seen on Mars,” said Jim Whiteway, of York University, Toronto, lead scientist for the Canadian-supplied Meteorological Station on Phoenix. “We’ll be looking for...
Source: [NASA]
September 30, 2008 / Posted by: Marco Boldt
-
Liquid Water in the Martian North? Maybe.
Perchlorate. Never heard of it? Join the club. But NASA’s Phoenix spacecraft has found it in the soil in the icy northern plains of Mars. And now that it’s been found, scientists are scrambling to explain how it got there, and what, if anything, its presence means about the habitability of the martian north.
Phoenix didn’t go to Mars to find perchlorate. It went looking for evidence of liquid water. From orbit, NASA’s Mars Odyssey in 2002 discovered water ice in the martian north, lying just inches beneath...
Source: [Astrobiology Magazine]
August 22, 2008 / Written by: Henry Bortman
-
Phoenix Confirms Martian Water, Mission Extended
Laboratory tests aboard NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample. The lander’s robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples.
“We have water,” said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, or TEGA. “We’ve seen evidence for this water ice before in observations by the Mars Odyssey orbiter and in disappearing chunks observed by Phoenix last month, but this is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted.”
With enticing results so far and...
Source: [NASA Press Release]
July 31, 2008 / Written by: NASA Press Release
-
Phoenix Scrapes 'Almost Perfect' Icy Soil For Analysis
NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander enlarged the “Snow White” trench and scraped up little piles of icy soil on Saturday, June 28, the 33rd Martian day, or sol, of the mission. Scientists say that the scrapings are ideal for the lander’s analytical instruments.
The robotic arm on Phoenix used the blade on its scoop to make 50 scrapes in the icy layer buried under subsurface soil. The robotic arm then heaped the scrapings into a few 10- to 20-cubic centimeter piles, or piles each containing between two and four teaspoonfuls. Scraping created a grid about...
Source: [Link]
July 1, 2008 / Posted by: Marco Boldt
-
Phoenix Returns Treasure Trove for Science
NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander performed its first wet chemistry experiment on Martian soil flawlessly yesterday, returning a wealth of data that for Phoenix scientists was like winning the lottery.
“We are awash in chemistry data,” said Michael Hecht of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, lead scientist for the Microscopy, Electrochemistry and Conductivity Analyzer, or MECA, instrument on Phoenix. “We’re trying to understand what is the chemistry of wet soil on Mars, what’s dissolved in it, how acidic or alkaline it is. With the results we received from Phoenix yesterday, we could begin to tell what aspects of the soil...
Source: [Link]
June 26, 2008 / Posted by: Marco Boldt -
Can the Martian Arctic Support Extreme Life?
ABC.com features NASA’s Phoenix lander and the search for life on Mars in a new article on their Technology and Science website. Harkening back to Viking, and citing new discoveries of microbes in Greenland’s glaciers, the article focuses on the need to understand the microbiology of Earth’s extreme environments in order to best search for life on other planets.
Source: [ABC]
June 25, 2008 / Posted by: Daniella Scalice
-
NAI Twitters and Tweets
Do you Tweet? If so, then you’ll be happy to know that you can now follow an @AstrobiologyNAI Twitter stream. If you don’t have any idea what the first two sentences in this article are about, keep reading! They refer to a micro-blogging tool called “Twitter,” an increasingly popular, instant-messaging service that is quickly becoming the place where news breaks first, outpacing mainstream media. Individual blog entries in Twitter are called “Tweets,” and are limited to 140 characters, based on the premise that short messages will be to the point, and will be posted frequently. Twitter users post short messages...
June 25, 2008 / Written by: Wendy Dolci
-
Phoenix Shake and Bake
In this interview, William Boynton talks about the TEGA instrument on the Phoenix Lander, and explains what it can tell us about the possibility for life on Mars.
Source: [Link]
June 23, 2008 / Written by: Astrobiology Magazine
-
Bright Chunks At Phoenix Lander's Mars Site Must Have Been Ice
Dice-size crumbs of bright material have vanished from inside a trench where they were photographed by NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander four days ago, convincing scientists that the material was frozen water that vaporized after digging exposed it.
“It must be ice,” said Phoenix Principal Investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona, Tucson. “These little clumps completely disappearing over the course of a few days, that is perfect evidence that it’s ice. There had been some question whether the bright material was salt. Salt can’t do that.”
The chunks were left at the bottom of a trench informally called “Dodo-Goldilocks” when...
Source: [Link]
June 19, 2008 / Posted by: Marco Boldt
-
NASA Phoenix Lander Bakes Sample, Arm Digs Deeper
One of the ovens on NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander continued baking its first sample of Martian soil over the weekend, while the Robotic Arm dug deeper into the soil to learn more about white material first revealed on June 3.
Source: [Phoenix Mission]
June 17, 2008 / Posted by: Marco Boldt
-
NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander Inspects Delivered Soil Samples
New observations from NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander provide the most magnified view ever seen of Martian soil, showing particles clumping together even at the smallest visible scale.
Source: [Phoenix Mission]
June 13, 2008 / Posted by: Marco Boldt
-
NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander Delivers Soil Sample To Microscope
NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander sprinkled a spoonful of Martian soil Wednesday onto the sample wheel of the spacecraft’s robotic microscope station, images received early Thursday confirmed.
“It looks like a light dusting and that’s just what we wanted. The Robotic Arm team did a great job,” said Michael Hecht of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. He is the lead scientist for the Microscopy, Electrochemistry and Conductivity Analyzer (MECA) instrument on Phoenix.
The delivery of scooped-up soil for inspection by the lander’s Optical Microscope, a component of MECA, marks the second success in consecutive days for...
Source: [Phoenix Mission]
June 13, 2008 / Posted by: Marco Boldt
-
NASA's Phoenix Lander Has an Oven Full of Martian Soil
NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander has filled its first oven with Martian soil.
“We have an oven full,” Phoenix co-investigator Bill Boynton of the University of Arizona, Tucson, said today. “It took 10 seconds to fill the oven. The ground moved.”
Boynton leads the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer instrument, or TEGA, for Phoenix. The instrument has eight separate tiny ovens to bake and sniff the soil to assess its volatile ingredients, such as water.
The lander’s Robotic Arm delivered a partial scoopful of clumpy soil from a trench informally called “Baby Bear” to the number 4 oven on TEGA last Friday,...
June 11, 2008 / Posted by: Marco Boldt
-
Sprinkle to Taste
Phoenix was unable to chew on the clumpy martian soil, so the team operating the Lander plans to sprinkle the soil instead. The spoonful of soil will fall onto a wheel, which will then rotate the sample so the Lander’s eagle eye — the Optical Microscope — can see it.Source: [Link]
June 10, 2008 / Written by: Astrobiology Magazine -
Phoenix Links for May 29th
The NASA Phoenix Mars Lander link round-up for May 29, 2008:
Another Phoenix Descent Photo. This one is even sharper with a large crater in the background.
Signal From Mars Is Restored [New York Times]
Listen to Mars Phoenix descend! Courtesy of ESA’s Mars Express
IBM RAD6000 About the onboard computer on the Phoenix lander and numerous other NASA spacecraft. It has a clock-speed of “only” 33 MHz!
May 29, 2008 / Posted by: Shige Abe
-
Phoenix Lander Link Round-up
The NASA Phoenix Mars Lander link round-up for May 28, 2008:
Orbiter Relays Second-Day Information From NASA Mars Lander From JPL.
Mars Phoenix Mission: Meet the Arm An interview with Honeybee Robotic’s Project Engineer, Dustin Roberts about the Phoenix Lander’s sampling arm. [YouTube]
Phoenix Mars Mission: Entry, Descent and Landing From NASA TV on YouTube.
Mars Phoenix Lander In Second Life A short video of the Mars Lander in Second Life. [YouTube]
May 28, 2008 / Posted by: Shige Abe
-
MRO Snaps Phoenix
Sure, it just looks like a picture of two little white dots and a line on a mottled gray background. But it’s actually one of the most amazing photographs ever taken.As NASA’s Phoenix spacecraft made its descent through the martian atmosphere on Sunday, May 25, another spacecraft, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), orbiting high above, snapped this image of Phoenix suspended beneath its 40-foot-wide parachute. At the time, Phoenix was hurtling through the martian atmosphere at about 250 miles per hour; MRO was traveling at more than 7500 mph. The two...
Source: [Link]
May 27, 2008 / Written by: Henry Bortman
-
NASA Phoenix: Sharing the data from Mars
CIO has an article that describes the challenges of dealing with the massive amount of data being generated by the NASA Phoenix mission and sharing it with the public in real-time.
Source: [CIO]
May 23, 2008 / Posted by: Shige Abe
-
Inside NASA's Mars Mission
Wired published an annotated photo gallery entitled Inside NASA’s Mars Mission with images of the giant antennas that will receive signals from the NASA Phoenix Lander. There are also photographs of Mission Control at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Phoenix lands on May 25, 2008.
Source: [Wired]
May 23, 2008 / Posted by: Shige Abe
-
Rendezvous with Mars
NASA’s Phoenix lander is less than a week from touch down in the frozen northern wastes of Mars, where it will search for signs that, in the planet’s recent past, the region may have been habitable.
Phoenix is the first mission to target Mars’ northern polar region. NASA’s Mars Polar Lander (MPL), launched in 1999 toward the planet’s southern pole, crashed upon landing.
The two Vikings missions, Pathfinder, Opportunity and Spirit all landed “in the dry regions of the equatorial zone,” said Peter Smith, a research scientist at the University of Arizona in Tucson and principal investigator for the Phoenix mission....
May 20, 2008 / Written by: Henry Bortman
-
MISSIONS - Phoenix Takes Flight
NASA’s Phoenix lander heads for Mars’s frozen north.
Phoenix is on its way to Mars. The latest spacecraft in NASA’s program of Mars exploration launched from Cape Canaveral on August 4 of this year, and is scheduled to land in the planet’s northern polar region on May 25, 2008. Its findings will help scientists answer a critical question about the Red Planet: was it ever habitable?
Phoenix is in many ways similar to the two Viking landers sent to Mars by NASA in the 1970s. Like Viking, Phoenix will stay put once it lands. And like Viking,...
September 3, 2007 / Posted by: Yael Kovo -
Phoenix Prepares for Flight
Scheduled for launch in August 2007, the Phoenix Mars Mission is designed to study the history of water and habitability potential in the Martian arctic’s ice-rich soil. A new teaser animation about the mission is available – click here to view it.
Source: [Link]
July 19, 2007 / Posted by: Shige Abe
Ice at the Mars Phoenix Landing Site
- 16srrna 17p 79 ceti 85p 1999 1999 and 2000 2000 2008 aas abiogenic abiogenic methane abiotic abiotic synthesis abscicon abundances acid mine drainage acidophile activity adaptive optics adenosine triphosphate aerobic aerosol aerosols akila akilia island algae algal-sarcodine photosymbiotic relationships algal cultures alh84001 alien life allan hills alpha centauri altiplano alvin amase american astronomical society american type culture collection amino acid amino acids ammonia ammonia formation ammonium amorphization anaerobic analog environments ancient earth ancient pathways. andes and k content anoxia biomarker permian cambrian terrestrial paleosol oxygen archean proterozoic biogeochemistry extinction euxinia hydrogen sulfide sulfur bacteria anoxic environment anoxygenic photosynthesis antarctica antarctic endolithic communities antartic antartica antennas aqueous alteration archae archaea archaeoglobus archea archean arctic area 9 arid and semi-arid soils aromatic asap (astrobiology sample analysis program) aspartic acid asteroid asteroid 10537 (1991 ry16) asteroids asteroids--dynamics astid astrobiology astrobiology (journal) astrobiology drilling program astrobiology journal astrobiotechnology astrochemistry astronaut astronomical journal astrophysical journal astrophysical journal letters astrophysics atacama atacama desert atlantis atmosphere atmosphere escape atmosphere evolution atmospheric airglow atmospheric carbon dioxide atmospheric chemistry atmospheric evolution atmospheric formation atmospheric photochemistry atp-binding proteins australia australian centre for astrobiology autotrophic auv avhrr database awards axial volcano subsurface fluids axis bacteria bacterial metagenomes bacteriorhodopsin banded iron formations basaltic basaltic lava basalt tuff basalt weathering binaries binaries: spectroscopic bioastronomy biochemical adaption biochemistry bioenergetics biofilms biogenic mineral structure biogenic molecules biogeochemical cycles biogeochemistry biogeography biological biomarker biomarkers biome biomimetic synthesis biopan biosignature biosignatures biosphere biosphere-atmosphere interactions biosustaining energy bodonids boethin books borehole brine britian brown dwarfs burgess shale-type ca calcite calcite nano-fibers calcium cambrian canada canyon canyons carbon carbon-13 carbonaceous chondrite carbonate carbonate rocks carbonates carbon chemistry carbon cycle carbon dioxide carbon dioxide ice cargill salt company cassini catalysis catalytic cavity ring-down spectrometer cdna celestial mechanics celestial mechanics – methods: n-body simulations – planets and satellites: general – solar system: celestial mechanics. cells chelation chemical weathering chemin (chemical and mineralogical xrd/xrf instrument) chemoautotrophy chemolithoautotrophs chemostratigraphy chemosynthetic communities chemotrophs chile chimpanzee china chip chiral chirality chlamydomonad chlorophyll concentration chondritic meteorites chrysophyte chrysophytes circumstellar disks circumstellar dust. citations climate climate change climate model climate modeling climate models clouds cnn co-evolution co3 cold environments collaborative technology colors comet cometary comet recovery comets comet wild 2 comics community community software complex life complex organics composition compound specific isotopic analysis computational chemistry conference contamination continental core accretion cork observatories cosmic rays cosmochemistry countermeasures coupled models cryptoendolith. crystalline water ice curriculum cyanobacteria cycling d/h ratio dance darwin sequence analysis data data analysis database databases data processing techniques dawn ddf decoherence deep biosphere deep impact deep impact extended mission deep marine sediments deep subsurface biosphere deep terrestrial biosphere dehydratases dehydrogenases deinococci denitrifcation depthx desulfobulbus desulforhopalus detection methods: transit photometry deuterium deutertation devonian devon island dice dinosaurs director direct planet detection disk-averaged spectra. disk chemistry disks dissimilatory dissimilatory iron reduction distributed temperature sensor diversity dna dna. dna damage dna sequencing dolomite dolphin drilling dune dust dust flux dwarf star dynamical modeling dynamic global vegetation model dynamics e. coli ea early atmosphere early atmospheres early earth early earth geochemistry early evolution of life early life early mars early planetary system evolution early solar system earth earth’s early biosphere earth's early atmosphere earth's water earth-like planets earth and planetary science letters earth and planetary science letters (journal) earth evolution earth formation earthshine east pacific rise eclipsing ecogenomics ecosystem model edax education electric discharge electrochemistry electrocorrosion electronic arts element fractionation el ni�o embedded star formation enceladus encyclopedia of life endosymbiosis endourance endurance england environments enzyme enzymes eoarchean epimerases epoxi erosion esa ethane eubacteria eukaryote eukaryote evolution eukaryotes eukaryotic-specific primers eukaryotic microbial community europa evaporation evaporite evolution evolution and environment exo-planetary systems exobiology exoplanet exoplanets exosolar planets expose express extra-solar planets extrasolar life extrasolar planet extrasolar planets extraterrestrial extraterrestrial life extreme conditions extreme environment extreme environments extreme life extremeophiles extremephiles extremophiles faint companion farmer fe fe isotopes femtochemistry fiction fieldwork in april of 1999 in the tinto river located in the huelva district of southwestern spain fingerprint fischer-tropsch catalysis flood fluorescence in situ hybridization focus group formation routes forward contamination fossil fossils fracture frogs functional genomics funding fungi fu orionis fuse future of life galaxies galileo galileo extended mission games ganymede gardening gas gas giants gas phase gene expression general genes genome-genome interaction genome evolution genomes genome sequencing genotype-phenotype geobiology geobiology (journal) geochemical geochemical tca cycle geochemistry geochemsitry geochronology geology geology (journal) geomicrobiology geophysics geysers giant planet models giant planets glacial ice glacier glaciers glutamic acid google google mars gossan grain growth grain surface chemistry great oxidation even great oxidation event greenhouse effect greenland ground currents groundwater gsfc guaymas basin guerrero negro gullies gypsum habitability habitable planets habitable zone habitablity in the universe habitat hadean halophiles handbook of star forming regions hard materials haughton crater hawaii hawaiian volcanic rocks hawaii team haze hd 46375 hd 209458 hematite heterotrophic flagellates high-lakes high-magnesium calcite high angular resolution high contrast highly siderophile elements high ph historical science holmes homochirality horizontal gene transfer hot spots hot springs hubble human human exploration human factors human lunar mission hydrate hydrocarbons hydrogen hydrogenase hydrogen metabolism hydrogen peroxide hydrogen sulfide hydrothermal hydrothermal redox pathway hydrothermal vent hydrothermal vent organisms hydrothermal vents hydroxylamine hyperion hypersaline hypersaline ecosystems hypersalinity hyperthermophilic ice ice analogs iceland ices icy satellites idaho igneous rocks image processing impact craters impactites impact melt rocks information technology infrared infrared astrophysics infrared imaging inorganic in situ analysis in situ life detection instrumentation instruments international space station interstellar interstellar chemistry interstellar ice interstellar ices. interstellar medium interstellar molecules interviews in vitro evolution ionizing radiation ion microprobe iron iron –sulfides iron-sulfur enzymes iron-sulfur minerals iron concentrations iron formation iron isotope fractionation iron oxide iron oxidizing bacteria iron reduction kinetics irons-sulfur surfaces iron spectromicroscopy irradation irradiation ir spectroscopy isomerases isotope isotopes isotopic fractionation iss issol jack hills jakoba incarcerata jakoba libera jakobids jarosite journal:earth journal: journal of geophysical research journal of bacteriology journal of the american chemical society jpl jupiter kbo kbo size distribution kepler key nutrient metals kuiper belt kuiper belt objects laboratory laboratory investigation laboratory science lake lakes landsat tm data laser laser desorption lassen lassen volcanic national park late accretion late bombardment ldn 673 left-handed lefty level of analysis lexen program life life and environment life elsewhere in the universe life in extreme life in our solar system life on mars light lightning li isotopes lipids liquid liquid chromatography mass spectrometry lithic clasts lithophiles living in the microbial world: summer teacher enhancement - august 1999 lmt low-mass low-mass stars low albedo deposits lunar-like satellites lunar exploration lunar impacts m�ssbauer mafic maghemite magnesite magnet magnetic field magnetic fields magnetic fields - stars magnetite magnets main belt asteroids main belt comets maine malawimonas jakobiformis maps marco polo marine ecology marine sediments eukaryotes mars mars. mars analog mars analog. mars analogs mars analog site mars analogues mars atmosphere mars environmental chamber mars exploration mars express mars glaciers mars global surveyor mars habitability mars life mars maps mars methane mars orbiter mars reconnaissance orbiter mars rovers mars science laboratory mars time mars water martian analogues martian atmosphere martian channels martian dynamo martian meteorites martian oceans mass extinction mass extinctions mbcs mcmurdo dry valleys m dwarfs m dwarf stars media membranes mercury messenger metabolic chemistry metagenome metagenomics metal isotope fractionation metal sulfides metamorphism meteor meteorite meteorites meteoritic organics meteors meterite meterorites methane methane cycle methanococcus methanogen methanogenesis methanogens methanopyrus methodology mexico micro-oxic environment microbes microbial microbial communities microbial community microbial community population structures microbial diversity microbial ecology microbial ecosystem microbial ecosystems microbial evolution microbial evolutionary processes. microbial geochemistry microbialite microbialites microbial life microbial mat microbial mats microbiology microgravity microlensing microorganisms microscopy miller-urey miller-urey experiments mineral biosignature mineralogy mirs missions mitochondria mixed cation carbonates mo model interface models mojave molecular-level computer simulations molecular beam molecular biology and evolution (journal) molecular cloud molecular clouds molecular evolution molecular hydrogen molecular mechanics molecular spectroscopy molecular weight molecules molecules of life molybdenum molybdenum isotope fractionation monocarboxylic acids moon moon and planets moons mrna mro msl msl (mars science laboratory) m star m stars multi-realizable processes multiple-planet system murchison music mutualism mycobacterium tuberculosis mysql nad nai nai arc team nai asu team nai berkeley team nai cal team nai ciw team nai cub team nai gsfc team nai har team nai hawaii team nai iptai team nai mbl team nai minority institution research support nai mit team nai montana team nai msu team nai postdoctoral fellow nai psu team nai seti team nai ua team nai ucb team nai ucla team nai uh team nai uri team nai uw team nai virus focus group nai vpl at jpl nai vpl at jpl team nai vpl at uw team nai wisconsin team nano-fibers nano-satellite nanoparticles nasa arc nasa history nasa jpl nasa tv nasda nature (journal) ndvi variations near near earth asteroid rendezvous nebular organics neoproterozoic neteritics and planetary science (journal) new horizons new planets new york times nitrate nitrite nitrogenase nitrogen cycle nitrogen cycling nitrogen fixation nitrogen reduction non-el ni�o non-lte effects novel proteins npr ntiric oxide nucleic acids nucleobases numerical simulations obituary ocean ocean-bottom ocean crust ocean drilling program oceans odyssey olympus mons ophiolites opportunity optical microscopy orbital light curves oreos organic organic molecules organics organic synthesis origin of ion channels origin of life origin of transmembrane proteins origins of life origins of protein function orion nebula-like osmium isotopes outer solar system outgassing outreach oven ovens oxidation oxidative stress oxidize acetate anaerobicallly oxygen oxygenic photosynthesis oxygen isotopes ozone ozone production pah paleobiology paleoecology paleoproterozoic paleosol pan-starrs panspermia parachute parasitism past-ecosystem process model past-sea surface temperature past carbon cycle past climate past net primary production pavilion lake pbs pelagophytes pelobionts perchlorate perldbi permafrost permian peroxy defects petrology phage phenotypic changes philosophy phoenix phoenix mission phospholipid fatty acids phosphorus phosphorus limitation photo-dissociation photochemistry photosynthesis photosynthetic photosynthetic communities photsynthesis phyllosilicate phylogenetic phylogeny physiology pigments placozoa planetary accretion planetary disks planetary dynamics planetary formation planetary geology planetary geologyearly biosphere planetary habitability planetary oxidation planetary protection planetary science planetary systems: formation planetary systems: protoplanetary disks planet formation planet formation. planet detection. planetary dynamics. planet migration planets planets and satellites plankton plant-fungal symbioses plants plasticity plate tectonics. playa pnas podcast polar drilling polar wander poles pollen analysis poly(a)-rna polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons popularization population genetics poster pre–main‐sequence pre-biotic chemistry pre-main sequence stars prebiotic chemistry prebiotic molecules prebiotic soup precambrian precambrian redox environment precambrian research (journal) pre main-sequence - x-rays preservation primer probe proceedings of the national academy of sciences (journal) prokaryote prokaryotes propane protein enzymes protein evolution proteins proteobacteria proterozoic proterozoic-cambrian proterozoic doushantuo formation proterozoic nama group proterozoic sediments protiens proto-metabolism protocells protocellular protocellular catalysts protoplanetary disk ps1 psi_blast psychrotolerant public pyrite pyrosequencing pyroxenes and olivine. pyruvic acid quantifying quantum quantum mechanics quartet radiation radiation chemistry radiative-transfer models radiative transfer radiative transfer model radio radioactivity radiolysis raman microscope raman spectroscopy raman spectroscopy` rdna reclinomonas americana redox redox-sensitive metals redox evolution redox processes reduction remote-sensing remote-sensing techniques remote sensing remote sensing database reptiles ribosomal gene ribosomal rna ribosomal rna phylogeny rio tinto rise of oxygen rna rna display rna world robatic robot robotic robotics robots rover rovers rrna saline salt sam (sample analysis at mars) samples satellites saturn scanning electron microscopy science (journal) scientific american (journal) seafloor weathering sea surface temperature seawater second life sediment sediment-buried basement sediments seepage erosion segan medal serpentinization shoemaker short-lived radionucleides short-lived radionuclides siderite signatures of life silicon isotopes silurian sims sinkhole skaft��rkatlar lake sleep disruption slime world slime worlds sm-nd snow snowball earth so2 soft materials sogin soil soil moisture soil na soils solar-like young stars solar nebula solar panel solar system solar system: formation solar system chronology solar system ices south africa space shuttle space telescope science institute spark discharge spectral biosignatures spectroscopy spectroscopy. spirit spitzer space telescope spore sr isotopes stability stable isotopes star-formation star and planet formation stardust star formation star forming regions stars stars - x-rays stars: late-type steam atmosphere stellar flares steranes sterols stromatolites sub-permafrost ecosystem subglacial volcanic lake subseafloor subseafloor hyperthermophiles subsurface subsurface biosphere subsurface life subsurface microbiology subterranean plants sulfate sulfate reducing bacteria sulfate reduction sulfide sulfide minerals sulfides sulfidic cave sulfidic mesoproterozoic ocean sulfur sulfuric acid speleogenesis sulfur isotopes sulfur mif summer school sun sun-like stars super-earths super earths supergiant star supergiant stars supertrees surface temperature and relative humidity symbioses symbiosis-specific genes symbiotic synchrotron tardigrade targeted metal uptake tca cycle teachers technology worlds tectonics tega temperate-controlled mineral growth templates temporal frameworks teraforming terraforming terrestrial terrestrial atmospheres terrestrial planet finder (tpf) terrestrial planet formation terrestrial planets terrestrial subsurface thalassicolla nucleata theoretical/computational chemistry thermal and evolved-gas analyzer thermal emission spectrometer thermometer thermophiles thermus/deinococcus thioredoxins tholins time time-of-flight mass spectrometer timescale timetree tinto river titan titanium transiting planets tree of life tree rings tropical rainforest trunk river tubulins tweets twitter u-tube uk ultramafic ultrasmall cells uncultured archaea underwater united kingdom upsilon andromedae uv uv light uv radiation v733 cephei v1647 orionis vegetation vegetation red edge venus video viking viral metagenomes virus viruses visible-near infrared spectroscopy volatile delivery volatile elements volatile exchange volcanoes voyager vysos vysos (variable young stellar objects survey) wall street journal water water on mars water rock interaction weathering web 2.0 website websites well-skeletonized animals wet-chemistry workbook workshop workshop in molecular evolution at woods hole - august 1999 yeast yellowstone young binaries young stellar objects zircon zircons zoe
