Routes of Administration	Rationale for Not Recommending
Intramuscular	Painful.
	Absorption unreliable.
	Should not be used in children or patients prone to develop dependent edema or patients with thrombocytopenia.
Transnasal	The only drug approved by the FDA for transnasal administration is butorphanol, an agonist-antagonist drug that generally is not recommended. (See opioid agonist-antagonists above.)