Sunglint (reflection of sunlight from the water surface
directly back to the camera or satellite sensor) off the Gulf of California
gives the water a silver-gray appearance rather than the normal azure color
in this astronaut photograph. (Read Sunglint in
Astronaut Photography of Earth for a more detailed explanation of
sunglint.) The sunglint allows us to see several active features which
wouldn’t be visible otherwise. The image captures a moment in time
displaying very active and complex ocean wave dynamics. In this view of
Punta Perihuete, Mexico, we can see three major features: biological or
man-made oils floating on the surface; the out-going tidal current; and
complex wave patterns. The oils on the surface are recognizable as
light-grey, curved and variable-width streamers shaped by the local winds
and currents. Plankton, fish, natural oil seeps, and boats dumping their
bilges are all potential sources for these oils.
This image was taken at 1:10 p.m. Mountain Daylight Time (19:10 Greenwich
Mean Time), and low tide occurred later at 2:44 p.m. Mountain Daylight Time
(20:44 Greenwich Mean Time). The outgoing, or ebb, current from Playa
Colorado Bay is visible at upper right (the Bay itself is not shown). The
current brings with it fresher and less dense water that appears as an
elongated lens-shape as it flows on top of saltier Gulf water. This density
difference causes obvious shear zones along the current boundary, and also a
dampening of the ocean wave sets. Offshore, complex wave patterns,
including intersecting wave sets, result from a variety of interactions of
the moving water with the coastline. The sunglint allows identification of
wave sets that are nearly perpendicular to the shoreline (bottom center),
another wave pattern parallel to the shore (top center), and wave patterns
caused by reflection and refraction (deflecting of the wave off a straight
path) along a shoal area that also marks the boundary of the fresh water
lens.
Astronaut photograph ISS013-E-16599 was acquired May 9, 2006, with a Kodak 760C
digital camera using an 800 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth
Observations experiment and the Image Science & Analysis Group, Johnson
Space Center. The image in this article has been cropped and enhanced to
improve contrast. Lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space
Station Program supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures
of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public,
and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images
taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of
Earth.