Animal Production Program
01F65 |
F344/N
(Fisher, Fischer 344) |
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Origin: |
To N 1951 from Heston at F51. Curtis, Columbia University Institute
for Cancer Research, 1920; to Heston 1949. |
Genetics: |
B, c
Albino
Genes:
Es-1a, Es-2a, Es-3a, Es-4b.
Ag-Aa, RT11, RT2a.
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Disease Model |
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- Phenylketonuria (012)
- Interstitial cell tumor of the testis (098)
- Urinary bladder carcinoma (100)
- Peripheral retinal degeneration (387)
- Esophageal carcinoma (707)
- Yolk sac carcinoma (Endodermal sinus tumor) (115)
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Diseases |
Neoplastic (Spontaneous): |
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- High incidence of interstitial cell tumors of the testis (up
to 90%) at 18-24 months, usually associated with atrophy of the
contralateral testis and secondary sex glands, and, occaisionally,
gynecomastia. They apparently actively secrete hormone; an occasional
marked lymphocytic infiltrate suggest that immune reactions may
also be involved. (098,223,331)
- In males at approximately 110 weeks, the most common tumors
were interstitial cell tumors of the testis, 80.5%, lymphoma/leukemia,
12.3%, pituitary adenomas,
11.3%, and adrenal pheochromocytomas, 8.8%; in females the most common tumors
were pituitary adenomas, 29.2%, mammary fibroadenomas, 15.8%, uterine endometrial
stromal polyps, 12.7%, and lymphoma/leukemia, 9.9%. Incidence of other tumors
was less than 5%. (223)
- Tumors arising from the epidermis and adnexal structures were
uncommon; upper respiratory tract tumors were very rare. Primary
tumors of the heart and blood
vessels were uncommon, and except for liver tumors, digestive system neoplasms
were rare. Urinary system tumors, central nervous system tumors, and musculoskeletal
system tumors were uncommon. (223)
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Neoplastic (Induced): |
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- Carcinoma of the urinary bladder was induced by feeding N-((4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazoly1))-formamide
(FANFT); all rats died of bladder cancer before 20 months. (100)
- N-methyl-N-benzylnitrosamine induced esophageal neoplasms
in 100%. Multiple lesions were distributed from base of tongue
to anterior portion of stomach, but no proliferative
or neoplastic changes were induced in other organs or tissues. (707)
- Males were more sensitive than Buffalo or Marshall rats to
the hepatocarcinogenic or Cirrhotic effects of N-2-fluorenyldiacetamide,
but females were more resistant
to mammary tumorigenic effects of N-hydroxy-2-acetylfluorene than Sprague-Dawley
or Wistar rats. (121)
- N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, administered intrarectally, induced
colon neoplasms; over 90% were invasive tubulopapillary adenocarcinomas.
(774)
- An acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas induced by nafenapin
95% and no metastasis. (568)
- Parietovisceral yolk sac carcinoma was produced by transplanting
the extraembryonic portion of the 8-9 day egg cylinder or by
performing fetectomies
of 12-13
days pregnant dams without removal of fetal membranes; malignant tumors
develoed over a period of 3-6 months and most were transplantable.
(115)
- Males more susceptible to induction of intestinal tumors by
methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine than females. (058)
- Diethylstibestrol and x-rays were synergistic in the induction
of mammary adenocarcinomas in females. (295)
- Thiouracil induced tumors of the thyroid gland; 21 transplantable
lines were established. (806)
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Non-Neoplastic (Spontaneous): |
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- Resistant to spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. (242)
- Peripheral retinal degeneration in aged rats is characterized
by selective loss of photoreceptor cells from the far peripheral
retina and formation of microcrystoids;
incidence and severity of disease increased by moderate (32 foot-candle)
fluorescent light intensities. (387)
- Cardiomyopathy was common in older rats and characterized
by myocardial degeneration, fibrosis and chronic interstitial
myocarditis; incidence in males (33.1%) was
greater than in females (17.6%). (223,102)
- Nephropathy in older males (66.5%) and females (38.9%) mostly
represented part of the complex of chronic renal disease which
appears initially as a
disease
of basement membranes. (223,102)
- Low incidence of nephritis. (684)
- Severity of nephropathy in aging rats reduced by treatment
with arylsulfonylurea. (465)
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Non-Neoplastic (Induced): |
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- Susceptible to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (207)
- Susceptible to experimental allergic neuritis. (402)
- Resistant to induction of thyroiditis by 3-methylcholanthrene.
(219)
- Susceptible to autologous immune complex nephritis.
(782)
- Phenylketonuria induced by p-chloro-DL-phenylalanine plus
L-phenylalanine. (012)
- Bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis with histopathyology
similar to that reported in hamsters; treatment with
indomethacin reduced
the lung changes. (738)
- F-344 is often used for long term studies of xenobiotic
toxicity; pathological changes of aging F344 rats have
been extensively
characterized. (121,223,102)
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Other Characteristics |
Immunologic: |
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- High immune response to GA and GAT synthetic polypeptides. (020)
- Low immune response to GLT and GT synthetic polypeptides. (383,020)
- Intermediate response to TGAG synthetic polypeptides. (423)
- Intermediate and high antibody response to 1 and 10 micrograms
BSA, respectively. (020)
- Low antibody response to bovine gamma globulin, Group A streptococcal
vaccine, and sheep erythrocytes. (725,697)
- Poor producers of reaginic antibody in response to ovalbumin
in aluminum hydroxide. (501)
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Biochemical: |
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- Hepatic metabolism of aniline in males highest of 10 strains
tested, but in females, significantly lower than the mean of the
10 strains; hepatic metabolism of ethylmorphine in males second
highest of 10 strains. (531)
- Control and Phenobarbital-treated F-344 rats had significantly
lower hepatic microsomal epoxide hydratase activity than CD rats.
Microsomes from F344 produced
less dihydrodiols and quinines from benz(a)pyrene than corresponding preparations
from CD rats. The spectral characteristics of cytochrome P-450 also differed
between the two rats strains. (121)
- Microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was twice that in Sprague-Dawley
rats, and the induction with Phenobarbital was much less; the induction
of cytochrome
P-450 by phenobarbital was also less in F344 rats. (220)
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Neurologic: |
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- Used as an animal model for assessing neurobehavioral deficits
following low-level exposure to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs);
oral administration of a mixture of polybrominated biphenyls
led to a decrement in skeletomuscular functioning including a
drpression in locomotor activity, impaired forelimb grip strength,
and decreased hindlimb extensor responses. (742,740)
- Acrylamide produced marked deficits in hindlimb motor functioning.
(741)
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Behavioral: |
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- A series of studies are intended to provide standardization
data for the 12 inbred strains of rats (F344, ACI, MR, and MNR
included) most frequently cited in the behavioral literature.
(255,256,257,258,259,260,249,250,251,252,253,254)
- F344 was the slowest of 12 strains in an alternating closed
and open runway learning test. (252)
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Embry/Devel: |
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- Aspirin reduced fetal length and weight, and induced a wide variety
of skeletal malformations, but the frequency of visceral malformations
was much smaller than in aspirin-treated Wistar or Sprague-Dawley
rats. (132)
- Nickel carbonyl induced induced ocular anomalies, mainly bi-
or unilateral anophthalmia or microphthalmia, but few extraocular
anomalies; this specificity is unique
among known teratogenic agents. (719)
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