Table 2.  Vertical Dimension of Competence

Level

Knowledge-based

Skills-based

Lowest

Awareness of Information
(Able to describe)

Awareness of Method
(Able to describe)

Intermediate

Application of Knowledge
(Able to analyze, critique, explain, and predict)

Know How to Apply Method
(Can describe when a method should be used; use of method in supervised settings)

Highest

Integration of Knowledge
(Able to form innovative models and frameworks, and conduct novel analysis)

Independent Performance

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