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8000 - Miscellaneous Statutes and Regulations
§ 552a. Records maintained on individuals.
(a) DEFINITIONS.--For purpose of this section--
(1) the term "agency" means agency as defined in section
552(e) of this title;
(2) the term "individual" means a citizen of the United
States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence;
(3) the term "maintain" includes maintain, collect, use, or
disseminate;
(4) the term "record" means any item, collection, or
grouping of information about an individual that is maintained by an
agency, including, but not limited to, his education, financial
transactions, medical history, and criminal or employment history and
that contains his name, or the identifying number, symbol, or other
identifying particular assigned to the individual, such as a finger or
voice print or a photograph;
(5) the term "system of records" means a group of any
records under the control of any agency from which information is
retrieved by the name of the individual or by some identifying number,
symbol, or other identifying particular assigned to the
individual;
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(6) the term "statistical record" means a record in a
system of records maintained for statistical research or reporting
purposes only and not used in whole or in part in making any
determination about an identifiable individual, except as provided by
section 8 of title 13;
(7) the term "routine use" means, with respect to the
disclosure of a record, the use of such record for a purpose which is
compatible with the purpose for which it was collected;
(8) the term "matching program"--
(A) means any computerized comparison of--
(i) two or more automated systems of records or a system of
records with non-Federal records for the purpose of--
(I) establishing or verifying the eligibility of, or continuing
compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements by, applicants
for, recipients or beneficiaries of, participants in, or providers of
services with respect to, cash or in-kind assistance or payments under
Federal benefit programs, or
(II) recouping payments or delinquent debts under such Federal
benefit programs, or
(ii) two or more automated Federal personnel or payroll systems
of records or a system of Federal personnel or payroll records with
non-Federal records,
(B) but does not include--
(i) matches performed to produce aggregate statistical data
without any personal identifiers;
(ii) matches performed to support any research or statistical
project, the specific data of which may not be used to make decisions
concerning the rights, benefits, or privileges of specific individuals;
(iii) matches performed, by an agency (or component thereof)
which performs as its principal function any activity pertaining to the
enforcement of criminal laws, subsequent to the initiation of a
specific criminal or civil law enforcement investigation of a named
person or persons for the purpose of gathering evidence against such
person or persons;
(iv) matches of tax information (I) pursuant to section 6103(d)
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, (II) for purposes of tax
administration as defined in section 6103(b)(4) of such Code, (III) for
the purpose of intercepting a tax refund due an individual under
authority granted by section 404(e), 464, or 1137 of the Social
Security Act; or (IV) for the purpose of intercepting a tax refund due
an individual under any other tax refund intercept program authorized
by statute which has been determined by the Director of the Office of
Management and Budget to contain verification, notice, and hearing
requirements that are substantially similar to the procedures in
section 1137 of the Social Security Act;
(v) matches--
(I) using records predominantly relating to Federal personnel,
that are performed for routine administrative purposes (subject to
guidance provided by the Director of the Office of Management and
Budget pursuant to subsection (v)); or
(II) conducted by an agency using only records from systems of
records maintained by that agency;
if the purpose of the match is not to take any adverse financial,
personnel, disciplinary, or other adverse action against Federal
personnel;
(vi) matches performed for foreign counterintelligence purposes
or to produce background checks for security clearances of Federal
personnel or Federal contractor personnel; or
(vii) matches performed incident to a levy described in section
6103(k)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
(9) the term "recipient agency" means any agency, or
contractor thereof, receiving records contained in a system of records
from a source agency for use in a matching program;
(10) the term "non-Federal agency" means any State or local
government, or agency thereof, which receives records contained in a
system of records from a source agency for use in a matching
program;
{{2-29-08 p.8032.05}}
(11) the term "source agency" means any agency which
discloses records contained in a system of records to be used in a
matching program, or any State or local government, or agency thereof,
which discloses records to be used in a matching program;
(12) the term "Federal benefit program" means any program
administered or funded by the Federal Government, or by any agent or
State on behalf of the Federal Government, providing cash or in-kind
assistance in the form of payments, grants, loans, or loan guarantees
to individuals; and
(13) the term "Federal personnel" means officers and
employees of the Government of the United States, members of the
uniformed services (including members of the Reserve Components),
individuals entitled to receive immediate or deferred retirement
benefits under any retirement program of the Government of the United
States (including survivor benefits).
(b) CONDITIONS OF DISCLOSURE.--No agency shall disclose
any record which is contained in a system of records by any means of
communication to any person, or to another agency, except pursuant to a
written request by, or with the prior written consent of, the
individual to whom the record pertains, unless disclosure of the record
would be--
(1) to those officers and employees of the agency which maintains
the record who have a need for the record in the performance of their
duties;
(2) required under section
552 of this title;
(3) for a routine use as defined in subsection (a)(7) of this
section and described under subsection (e)(4)(D) of this section;
(4) to the Bureau of the Census for purposes of planning or
carrying out a census or survey or related activity pursuant to the
provisions of title 13;
(5) to a recipient who has provided the agency with advance
adequate written assurance that the record will be used solely as a
statistical research or reporting record, and the record is to be
transferred in a form that is not individually identifiable;
(6) to the National Archives and Records Administration as a
record which has sufficient historical or other value to warrant its
continued preservation by the United States Government, or for
evaluation by the Archivist of the United States or the designee of the
Archivist to determine whether the record has such value;
(7) to another agency or to an instrumentality of any
governmental jurisdiction within or under the control of the United
States for a civil or criminal law enforcement activity if the activity
is authorized by law, and if the head of the agency or instrumentality
has made a written request to the agency which maintains the record
specifying the particular portion desired and the law enforcement
activity for which the record is sought;
(8) to a person pursuant to a showing of compelling circumstances
affecting the health or safety of an individual if upon such disclosure
notification is transmitted to the last known address of such
individual;
(9) to either House of Congress, or, to the extent of matter
within its jurisdiction, any committee or subcommittee thereof, any
joint committee of Congress or subcommittee of any such joint
committee;
(10) to the Comptroller General, or any of his authorized
representatives, in the course of the performance of the duties of the
Government Accountability Office;
(11) pursuant to the order of a court of competent jurisdiction;
or
(12) to a consumer reporting agency in accordance with section
3711(e) of title 31.
(c) ACCOUNTING OF CERTAIN DISCLOSURES.--Each agency, with
respect to each system of records under its control, shall--
(1) except for disclosures made under subsection (b)(1) or (b)(2)
of this section, keep an accurate accounting of--
(A) the date, nature, and purpose of each disclosure of a record
to any person or to another agency made under subsection (b) of this
section; and
(B) the name and address of the person or agency to whom the
disclosure is made;
(2) retain the accounting made under paragraph (1) of this
subsection for at least five years or the life of the record, whichever
is longer, after the disclosure for which the accounting is made;
(3) except for disclosures made under subsection (b)(7) of this
section, make the accounting made under paragraph (1) of this
subsection available to the individual named in the record at his
request; and
{{2-29-08 p.8032.06}}
(4) inform any person or other agency about any correction or
notation of dispute made by the agency in accordance with subsection
(d) of this section of any record that has been disclosed to the person
or agency if an accounting of the disclosure was made.
(d) ACCESS TO RECORDS.--Each agency that maintains a
system of records shall--
(1) upon request by any individual to gain access to his record
or to any information pertaining to him which is contained in the
system, permit him and upon his request, a person of his own choosing
to accompany him, to review the record and have a copy made of all or
any portion thereof in a form comprehensible to him, except that the
agency may require the individual to furnish a written statement
authorizing discussion of that individual's record in the accompanying
person's presence;
(2) permit the individual to request amendment of a record
pertaining to him and--
(A) not later than 10 days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and
legal public holidays) after the date of receipt of such request,
acknowledge in writing such receipt; and
(B) promptly, either--
(i) make any correction of any portion thereof which the
individual believes is not accurate, relevant, timely, or complete; or
(ii) inform the individual of its refusal to amend the record in
accordance with his request, the reason for the refusal, the procedures
established by the agency for the individual to request a review of
that refusal by the head of the agency or an officer designated by the
head of the agency, and the name and business address of that official;
(3) permit the individual who disagrees with the refusal of the
agency to amend his record to request a review of such refusal, and not
later than 30 days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal public
holidays) from the date on which the individual requests such review,
complete such review and make a final determination unless, for good
cause shown, the head of the agency extends such 30-day period; and if,
after his review, the reviewing official also refuses to amend the
record in accordance with the request, permit the individual to file
with the agency a concise statement setting forth the reasons for his
disagreement with the refusal of the agency and notify the individual
of the provisions for judicial review of the reviewing official's
determination under subsection (g)(1)(A) of this section;
(4) in any disclosure, containing information about which the
individual has filed a statement of disagreement, occurring after the
filing of the statement under paragraph (3) of this subsection, clearly
note any portion of the record which is disputed and provide copies of
the statement and, if the agency deems it appropriate, copies of a
concise statement of the reasons of the agency for not making the
amendments requested, to persons or other agencies to whom the disputed
record has been disclosed; and
(5) nothing in this section shall allow an individual access to
any information compiled in reasonable anticipation of a civil action
or proceeding.
(e) AGENCY REQUIREMENTS.--Each agency that maintains a
system of records shall--
(1) maintain in its records only such information about an
individual as is relevant and necessary to accomplish a purpose of the
agency required to be accomplished by statute or by executive order of
the President;
{{12-30-88 p.8033}}
(2) collect information to the greatest extent practicable
directly from the subject individual when the information may result in
adverse determinations about an individual's rights, benefits, and
privileges under Federal programs;
(3) inform each individual whom it asks to supply information, on
the form which it uses to collect the information or on a separate form
that can be retained by the individual--
(A) the authority (whether granted by statute, or by executive
order of the President) which authorizes the solicitation of the
information and whether disclosure of such information is mandatory or
voluntary;
(B) the principal purpose or purposes for which the information
is intended to be used;
(C) the routine uses which may be made of the information, as
published pursuant to paragraph (4)(D) of this subsection; and
(D) the effects on him, if any, of not providing all or any part
of the requested information;
(4) subject to the provisions of paragraph (11) of this
subsection, publish in the FEDERAL REGISTER upon establishment or
revision a notice of the existence and character of the system of
records, which notice shall include--
(A) the name and location of the system;
(B) the categories of individuals on whom records are maintained
in the system;
(C) the categories of records maintained in the system;
(D) each routine use of the records contained in the system,
including the categories of users and the purpose of such use;
(E) the policies and practices of the agency regarding storage,
retrievability, access controls, retention, and disposal of the
records;
(F) the title and business address of the agency official who is
responsible for the system of records;
(G) the agency procedures whereby an individual can be notified
at his request if the system of records contains a record pertaining to
him;
(H) the agency procedures whereby an individual can be notified
at his request how he can gain access to any record pertaining to him
contained in the system of records, and how he can contest its content;
and
(I) the categories of sources of records in the system;
(5) maintain all records which are used by the agency in making
any determination about any individual with such accuracy, relevance,
timeliness, and completeness as is reasonably necessary to assure
fairness to the individual in the determination;
(6) prior to disseminating any record about an individual to any
person other than an agency, unless the dissemination is made pursuant
to subsection (b)(2) of this section, make reasonable efforts to assure
that such records are accurate, complete, timely, and relevant for
agency purposes;
(7) maintain no record describing how any individual exercises
rights guaranteed by the First Amendment unless expressly authorized by
statute or by the individual about whom the record is maintained or
unless pertinent to and within the scope of an authorized law
enforcement activity;
(8) make reasonable efforts to serve notice on an individual when
any record on such individual is made available to any person under
compulsory legal process when such process becomes a matter of public
record;
(9) establish rules of conduct for persons involved in the
design, development, operation, or maintenance of any system of
records, or in maintaining any record, and instruct each such person
with respect to such rules and the requirements of this section,
including any other rules and procedures adopted pursuant to this
section and the penalties for noncompliance;
(10) establish appropriate administrative, technical, and
physical safeguards to insure the security and confidentiality of
records and to protect against any anticipated threats
or
{{12-30-88 p.8034}}hazards to their security or
integrity which could result in substantial harm, embarrassment,
inconvenience, or unfairness to any individual on whom information is
maintained;
(11) at least 30 days prior to publication of information
under paragraph (4)(D) of this subsection, publish in the FEDERAL
REGISTER notice of any new use or intended use of the information in
the system, and provide an opportunity for interested persons to submit
written data, views, or arguments to the agency; and
(12) if such agency is a recipient agency or a source agency in a
matching program with a non-Federal agency, with respect to any
establishment or revision of a matching program, at least 30 days prior
to conducting such program, publish in the Federal Register notice of
such establishment or revision.
(f) AGENCY RULES.--In order to carry out the provisions of
this section, each agency that maintains a system of records shall
promulgate rules, in accordance with the requirements (including
general notice) of section 553
of this title, which shall--
(1) establish procedures whereby an individual can be notified in
response to his request if any system of records named by the
individual contains a record pertaining to him;
(2) define reasonable times, places, and requirements for
identifying an individual who requests his record or information
pertaining to him before the agency shall make the record or
information available to the individual;
(3) establish procedures for the disclosure to an individual upon
his request of his record or information pertaining to him, including
special procedure, if deemed necessary, for the disclosure to an
individual of medical records, including psychological records,
pertaining to him;
(4) establish procedures for reviewing a request from an
individual concerning the amendment of any record or information
pertaining to the individual, for making a determination on the
request, for an appeal within the agency of an initial adverse agency
determination, and for whatever additional means may be necessary for
each individual to be able to exercise fully his rights under this
section; and
(5) establish fees to be charged, if any, to any individual for
making copies of his record, excluding the cost of any search for and
review of the record.
The Office of the Federal Register shall biennially compile and
publish the rules promulgated under this subsection and agency notices
published under subsection (e)(4) of this section in a form available
to the public at low cost.
(g)(1) CIVIL REMEDIES.--Whenever any agency
(A) makes a determination under subsection (d)(3) of this section
not to amend an individual's record in accordance with his request, or
fails to make such review in conformity with that subsection;
(B) refuses to comply with an individual request under subsection
(d)(1) of this section;
(C) fails to maintain any record concerning any individual with
such accuracy, relevance, timeliness, and completeness as is necessary
to assure fairness in any determination relating to the qualifications,
charter, rights, or opportunities of, or benefits to the individual
that may be made on the basis of such record, and consequently a
determination is made which is adverse to the individual; or
(D) fails to comply with any other provision of this section, or
any rule promulgated thereunder, in such a way as to have an adverse
effect on an individual, the individual may bring a civil action
against the agency, and the direct courts of the United States shall
have jurisdiction in the matters under the provisions of this
subsection.
(2)(A) In any suit brought under the provisions of subsection
(g)(1)(A) of this section, the court may order the agency to amend the
individual's record in accordance with his request or in such other way
as the court may direct. In such a case the court shall determine the
matter de novo.
(B) The court may assess against the United States reasonable
attorney fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred in any
case under this paragraph in which the complainant has substantially
prevailed.
{{12-30-88 p.8035}}
(3)(A) In any suit brought under the provisions of subsection
(g)(1)(B) of this section, the court may enjoin the agency from
withholding the records and order the production to the complainant to
any agency records improperly withheld from him. In such a case the
court shall determine the matter de novo, and may examine the contents
of any agency records in camera to determine whether the records or any
portion thereof may be withheld under any of the exemptions set forth
in subsection (k) of this section, and the burden is on the agency to
sustain its action.
(B) The court may assess against the United States reasonable
attorney fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred in any
case under this paragraph in which the complainant has substantially
prevailed.
(4) In any suit brought under the provisions of subsection
(g)(1)(C) or (D) of this section in which the court determines that the
agency acted in a manner which was intentional or willful, the United
States shall be liable to the individual in an amount equal to the sum
of--
(A) actual damages sustained by the individual as a result of the
refusal or failure, but in no case shall a person entitled to recovery
receive less than the sum of $1,000; and
(B) the costs of the action together with reasonable attorney
fees as determined by the court.
(5) An action to enforce any liability created under this section
may be brought in the district court of the United States in the
district in which the complainant resides, or has his principal place
of business, or in which the agency records are situated, or in the
District of Columbia, without regard to the amount in controversy,
within two years from the date on which the cause of action arises,
except that where an agency has materially and willfully misrepresented
any information required under this section to be disclosed to an
individual and the information so misrepresented is material to
establishment of the liability of the agency to the individual under
this section, the action may be brought at any time within two years
after discovery by the individual of the misrepresentation. Nothing in
this section shall be construed to authorize any civil action by reason
of any injury sustained as the result of a disclosure of a record prior
to September 27, 1975.
(h) RIGHTS OF LEGAL GUARDIANS.--For the purposes of this
section, the parent of any minor, or the legal guardian of any
individual who has been declared to be incompetent due to physical or
mental incapacity or age by a court of competent jurisdiction, may act
on behalf of the individual.
(i)(1) CRIMINAL PENALITIES.--Any officer or employee of
an agency, who by virtue of his employment or official position, has
possession of, or access to, agency records which contain individually
identifiable information the disclosure of which is prohibited by this
section or by rules or regulations established thereunder, and who
knowing that disclosure of the specific material is so prohibited,
willfully discloses the material in any manner to any person or agency
not entitled to receive it, shall be guilty of a misdeameanor and fined
not more than $5,000.
(2) Any officer or employee of any agency who willfully maintains
a system of records without meeting the notice requirements of
subsection (e)(4) of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and
fined not more than $5,000.
(3) Any person who knowingly and willfully requests or obtains
any record concerning an individual from an agency under false
pretenses shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not more than
$5,000.
(j) GENERAL EXEMPTIONS.--The head of any agency may
promulgate rules, in accordance with the requirements (including
general notice) of sections
553(b)(1), (2), and (3), (c), and (e) of this title, to exempt
any system of records within the agency from any part of this section
except subsections (b), (c)(1) and (2), (e)(4) (A) through (F), (e)(6),
(7), (9), (10), and (11), and (i) if the system of records is--
(1) maintained by the Central Intelligence Agency; or
(2) maintained by an agency or component thereof
which performs as its principal function any activity pertaining to the
enforcement of criminal laws, including police efforts to prevent,
control, or reduce crime or to apprehend criminals, and the activities
of
{{12-30-88 p.8036}}prosecutors, courts,
correctional, probation, pardon, or parole authorities, and which
consists of (A) information compiled for the purpose of identifying
individual criminal offenders and alleged offenders and consisting only
of identifying data and notations of arrests, the nature and
disposition of criminal charges, sentencing, confinement, release, and
parole and probation status; (B) information compiled for the purpose
of a criminal investigation, including reports of informants and
investigators, and associated with an identifiable individual; or (C)
reports identifiable to an individual compiled at any stage of the
process of enforcement of the criminal laws from arrest or indictment
through release from supervision.
At the time rules are adopted under this subsection, the agency shall
include in the statement required under section 553(c) of this title,
the reasons why the system of records is to be exempted from a
provision of this section.
(k) SPECIFIC EXEMPTIONS.--The head of any agency may
promulgate rules, in accordance with the requirements (including
general notice) of sections 553(b)(1), (2), and (3), (c), and (e) of
this title, to exempt any system of records within the agency from
subsections (c)(3), (d), (e)(1), (e)(4)(G), (H), and (I) and (f) of
this section if the system of records is--
(1) subject to the provisions of
section 552(b)(1) of this title;
(2) investigatory material compiled for law enforcement
purposes, other than material within the scope of subsection (j)(2) of
this section: Provided, however, That if any individual is
denied any right, privilege, or benefit that we would otherwise be
entitled by Federal law, or for which he would otherwise be eligible,
as a result of the maintenance of such material, such material shall be
provided to such individual, except to the extent that the disclosure
of such material would reveal the identity of a source who furnished
information to the Government under an express promise that the
identity of the source would be held in confidence, or, prior to the
effective date of this section, under an implied promise that the
indentity of the source would be held in confidence;
(3) maintained in connection with providing protective
services to the President of the United States or other individuals
pursuant to section 3056 of
title 18;
(4) required by statute to be maintained and used solely
as statistical records;
(5) investigatory material compiled solely for the
purpose of determining suitability, eligibility, or qualifications for
Federal civilian employment, military service, Federal contracts, or
access to classified information, but only to the extent that the
disclosure of such material would reveal the identity of a source who
furnished information to the Government under an express promise that
the identity of the source would be held in confidence, or, prior to
the effective date of this section, under an implied promise that the
identity of the source would be held in confidence;
(6) testing or examination material used solely to
determine individual qualfications for appointment or promotion in the
Federal service the disclosure of which would compromise the
objectivity or fairness of the testing or examination process; or
(7) evaluation material used to determine potential for
promotion in the armed services, but only to the extent that the
disclosure of such material would reveal the identity of a source who
furnished information to the Government under an express promise that
the identity of the source would be held in confidence, or, prior to
the effective date of this section, under an implied promise that the
identity of the source would be held in confidence.
At the time rules are adopted under this subsection, the agency shall
include in the statement required under section 553(c) of this title,
the reasons why the system of records is to be exempted from a
provision of this section.
(l)(1) ARCHIVAL RECORDS.--Each
agency record which is accepted by the Archivist of the United States
for storage, processing, and servicing in accordance with section 3103
of title 44 shall, for the purpose of this section, be considered to be
maintained by the agency which deposited the record and shall be
subject to the provisions of this section. The Archivist of the United
States shall not disclose the record except to the agency
which
{{2-28-97 p.8036.01}}maintains the record, or under
rules established by that agency which are not inconsistent with the
provisions of this section.
(2) Each agency record pertaining to an identifiable individual
which was transferred to the National Archives of the United States as
a record which has sufficient historical or other value to warrant its
continued preservation by the United States Government, prior to the
effective date of this section, shall, for the purposes of this
section, be considered to be maintained by the National Archives and
shall not be subject to the provisions of this section, except that a
statement generally describing such records (modeled after the
requirements relating to records subject to subsections (e)(4)(A)
through (G) of this section) shall be published in the FEDERAL
REGISTER.
(3) Each agency record pertaining to an identifiable individual
which is transferred to the National Archives of the United States as a
record which has sufficient historical or other value to warrant its
continued preservation by the United States Government, on or after the
effective date of this section, shall for the purposes of this section,
be considered to be maintained by the National Archives and shall be
exempt from the requirements of this section except subsections
(e)(4)(A) through (G) and (e)(9) of this section.
(m)(1) GOVERNMENT CONTRACTORS.--When an agency provides by
a contract for the operation by or on behalf of the agency of a system
of records to accomplish an agency function, the agency shall,
consistent with its authority, cause the requirements of this section
to be applied to such system. For purposes of subsection (i) of this
section any such contractor and any employee of such contract, if such
contract is agreed to on or after the effective date of this section,
shall be considered to be an employee of an agency.
(2) A consumer reporting agency to which a record is disclosed
under section 3711(e) of title 31 shall not be considered a contractor
for the purposes of this section.
(n) MAILING LISTS.--An individual's name and address may
not be sold or rented by an agency unless such action is specifically
authorized by law. This provision shall not be construed to require the
withholding of names and addresses otherwise permitted to be made
public.
(o) MATCHING AGREEMENTS.--(1) No record which is
contained in a system of records may be disclosed to a recipient agency
or non-Federal agency for use in a computer matching program except
pursuant to a written agreement between the source agency and the
recipient agency or non-Federal agency specifying--
(A) the purpose and legal authority for conducting the program;
(B) the justification for the program and the anticipated
results, including a specific estimate of any savings;
(C) a description of the records that will be matched, including
each data element that will be used, the approximate number of records
that will be matched, and the projected starting and completion dates
of the matching program;
(D) procedures for providing individualized notice at the time of
application, and notice periodically thereafter as directed by the Data
Integrity Board of such agency (subject to guidance provided by the
Director of the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to subsection
(v)), to--
(i) applicants for and recipients of financial assistance or
payments under Federal benefit programs, and
(ii) applicants for and holders of positions as Federal
personnel,
that any information provided by such applicants, recipients,
holders, and individuals may be subject to verification through
matching programs;
(E) procedures for verifying information produced in such
matching program as required by subsection (p);
(F) procedures for the retention and timely destruction of
identifiable records created by a recipient agency or non-Federal
agency in such matching program;
(G) procedures for ensuring the administrative, technical, and
physical security of the records matched and the results of such
programs;
(H) prohibitions on duplication and redisclosure of records
provided by the source agency within or outside the recipient agency or
the non-Federal agency, except where required by law or essential to
the conduct of the matching program;
{{2-28-97 p.8036.02}}
(I) procedures governing the use by a recipient agency or
non-Federal agency of records provided in a matching program by a
source agency, including procedures governing return of the records to
the source agency or destruction of records used in such program;
(J) information on assessments that have been made on the
accuracy of the records that will be used in such matching program; and
(K) that the Comptroller General may have access to all records
of a recipient agency or a non-Federal agency that the Comptroller
General deems necessary in order to monitor or verify compliance with
the agreement.
(2)(A) A copy of each agreement entered into pursuant to
paragraph (1) shall--
(i) be transmitted to the Committee on Governmental Affairs of
the Senate and the Committee on Government Operations of the House of
Representatives; and
(ii) be available upon request to the public.
(B) No such agreement shall be effective until 30 days after the
date on which such a copy is transmitted pursuant to subparagraph
(A)(i).
(C) Such an agreement shall remain in effect only for such
period, not to exceed 18 months, as the Data Integrity Board of the
agency determines is appropriate in light of the purposes, and length
of time necessary for the conduct, of the matching program.
(D) Within 3 months prior to the expiration of such an agreement
pursuant to subparagraph (C), the Data Integrity Board of the agency
may, without additional review, renew the matching agreement for a
current, ongoing matching program for not more than one additional year
if--
(i) such program will be conducted without any change; and
(ii) each party to the agreement certifies to the Board in
writing that the program has been conducted in compliance with the
agreement.
(p) Verification and Opportunity To Contest
Findings.--(1) In order to protect any individual whose records
are used in matching programs, no recipient agency, non-Federal agency,
or source agency may suspend, terminate, reduce, or make a final denial
of any financial assistance or payment under a Federal benefit program
to such individual, or take other adverse action against such
individual as a result of information produced by such matching
programs, until an officer or employee of such agency has independently
verified such information. Such independent verification may be
satisfied by verification in accordance with (A) the requirements of
paragraph (2); and (B) any additional requirements governing
verification under such Federal benefit program.
(2) Independent verification referred to in paragraph (1)
requires independent investigation and confirmation of any information
used as a basis for an adverse action against an individual including,
where applicable--
(A) the amount of the asset or income involved,
(B) whether such individual actually has or had access to such
asset or income for such individual's own use, and
(C) the period or periods when the individual actually had such
asset or income.
(3) No recipient agency, non-Federal agency, or source agency may
suspend, terminate, reduce, or make a final denial of any financial
assistance or payment under a Federal benefit program to any individual
described in paragraph (1), or take other adverse action against such
individual as a result of information produced by a matching program,
(A) unless such individual has received notice from such agency
containing a statement of its findings and informing the individual of
the opportunity to contest such findings, and (B) until the subsequent
expiration of any notice period provided by the program's law or
regulations, or 30 days, whichever is later. Such opportunity to
contest may be satisfied by notice, hearing, and appeal rights
governing such Federal benefit program. The exercise of any such rights
shall not affect any rights available under this section.
(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), an agency may take any
appropriate action otherwise prohibited by such paragraph if the agency
determines that the public health or
{{12-30-88 p.8036.03}}public safety may be adversely
affected or significantly threatened during the notice period required
by such paragraph.
(q) SANCTIONS.--(1) Notwithstanding any other provision
of law, no source agency may disclose any record which is contained in
a system of records to a recipient agency or non-Federal agency for a
matching program if such source agency has reason to believe that the
requirements of subsection (p), or any matching agreement entered into
pursuant to subsection (o), or both, are not being met by such
recipient agency.
(2) No source agency may renew a matching agreement unless--
(A) the recipient agency or non-Federal agency has certified that
it has complied with the provisions of that agreement; and
(B) the source agency has no reason to believe that the
certification is inaccurate.
(r) REPORT ON NEW SYSTEMS AND MATCHING PROGRAMS.--Each
agency that proposes to establish or make a significant change in a
system of records or a matching program shall provide adequate advance
notice of any such proposal (in duplicate) to the Committee on
Government Operations of the House of Representatives, the Committee on
Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Office of Management and
Budget in order to permit an evaluation of the probable or potential
effect of such proposal on the privacy or other rights of individuals.
(s) BIENNIAL REPORT.--The President shall biennially
submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President
pro tempore of the Senate a report--
(1) describing the actions of the Director of the Office of
Management and Budget pursuant to section 6 of the Privacy Act of 1974
during the preceding 2 years;
(2) describing the exercise of individual rights of access and
amendment under this section during such years;
(3) identifying changes in or additions to systems of records;
(4) containing such other information concerning administration
of this section as may be necessary or useful to the Congress in
reviewing the effectiveness of this section in carrying out the
purposes of the Privacy Act of 1974.
(t)(1) EFFECT OF OTHER LAWS.--No agency shall rely on any
exemption contained in section 552 of this title to withhold from an
individual any record which is otherwise accessible to such individual
under the provisions of this section.
(2) No agency shall rely on any exemption in this section to
withhold from an individual any record which is otherwise accessible to
such individual under the provisions of section 552 of this title.
(u) DATA INTEGRITY BOARDS.--(1) Every agency conducting
or participating in a matching program shall establish a Data Integrity
Board to oversee and coordinate among the various components of such
agency the agency's implementation of this section.
(2) Each Data Integrity Board shall consist of senior officials
designated by the head of the agency, and shall include any senior
official designated by the head of the agency as responsible for
implementation of this section, and the inspector general of the
agency, if any. The inspector general shall not serve as chairman of
the Data Integrity Board.
(3) Each Data Integrity Board--
(A) shall review, approve, and maintain all written agreements
for receipt or disclosure of agency records for matching programs to
ensure compliance with subsection (o), and all relevant statutes,
regulations, and guidelines;
(B) shall review all matching programs in which the agency has
participated during the year, either as a source agency or recipient
agency, determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations,
guidelines, and agency agreements, and assess the costs and benefits of
such programs;
(C) shall review all recurring matching programs in which the
agency has participated during the year, either as a source agency or
recipient agency, for continued justification for such disclosures;
(D) shall compile an annual report, which shall be submitted to
the head of the agency and the Office of Management and Budget and make
available to the public on request, describing the matching activities
of the agency, including--
{{12-30-88 p.8036.04}}
(i) matching programs in which the agency has participated as a
source agency or recipient agency;
(ii) matching agreements proposed under subsection (o) that were
disapproved by the Board;
(iii) any changes in membership or structure of the Board in the
preceding year;
(iv) the reasons for any waiver of the requirement in paragraph
(4) of this section for completion and submission of a cost-benefit
analysis prior to the approval of a matching program;
(v) any violations of matching agreements that have been alleged
or identified and any corrective action taken; and
(vi) any other information required by the Director of the Office
of Management and Budget to be included in such report;
(E) shall serve as a clearinghouse for receiving and providing
information on the accuracy, completeness, and reliability of records
used in matching programs;
(F) shall provide interpretation and guidance to agency
components and personnel on the requirements of this section for
matching programs;
(G) shall review agency recordkeeping and disposal policies and
practices for matching programs to assure compliance with this section;
and
(H) may review and report on any agency matching activities that
are not matching programs.
(4)(A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), a Data
Integrity Board shall not approve any written agreement for a matching
program unless the agency has completed and submitted to such Board a
cost-benefit analysis of the proposed program and such analysis
demonstrates that the program is likely to be cost effective.
(B) The Board may waive the requirements of subparagraph (A) of
this paragraph if it determines in writing, in accordance with
guidelines prescribed by the Director of the Office of Management and
Budget, that a cost-benefit analysis is not required.
(C) A cost-benefit analysis shall not be required under
subparagraph (A) prior to the initial approval of a written agreement
for a matching program that is specifically required by statute. Any
subsequent written agreement for such a program shall not be approved
by the Data Integrity Board unless the agency has submitted a
cost-benefit analysis of the program as conducted under the preceding
approval of such agreement.
(5)(A) If a matching agreement is disapproved by a Data Integrity
Board, any party to such agreement may appeal the disapproval to the
Director of the Office of Management and Budget. Timely notice of the
filing of such an appeal shall be provided by the Director of the
Office of Management and Budget to the Committee on Governmental
Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Operations of the
House of Representatives.
(B) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget may
approve a matching agreement notwithstanding the disapproval of a Data
Integrity Board if the Director determines that--
(i) the matching program will be consistent with all applicable
legal, regulatory, and policy requirements;
(ii) there is adequate evidence that the matching agreement will
be cost-effective; and
(iii) the matching program is in the public interest.
(C) The decision of the Director to approve a matching agreement
shall not take effect until 30 days after it is reported to committees
described in subparagraph (A).
(D) If the Data Integrity Board and the Director of the Office of
Management and Budget disapprove a matching program proposed by the
inspector general of an agency, the inspector general may report the
disapproval to the head of the agency and to the Congress.
(6) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall,
annually during the first 3 years after the date of enactment of this
subsection and biennially thereafter, consolidate in a report to the
Congress the information contained in the reports from the various Data
Integrity Boards under paragraph (3)(D). Such report shall include
detailed information about costs and benefits of matching programs that
are conducted during the
{{2-29-08 p.8036.05}}period covered by such
consolidated report, and shall identify each waiver granted by a Data
Integrity Board of the requirement for completion and submission of a
cost-benefit analysis and the reasons for granting the waiver.
(7) In the reports required by paragraphs (3)(D) and (6), agency
matching activities that are not matching programs may be reported on
an aggregate basis, if and to the extent necessary to protect ongoing
law enforcement or counterintelligence investigations.
(v) OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET RESPONSIBILITIES.--The
Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall--
(1) develop and, after notice and opportunity for public comment,
prescribe guidelines and regulations for the use of agencies in
implementing the provisions of this section; and
(2) provide continuing assistance to and oversight of the
implementation of this section by agencies.
[Codified to 5 U.S.C. 552a]
[Source: Section 552a of the Act of September 6, 1966 (Pub. L. No.
89--554), as added by section 3 of the Act of December 31, 1974 (Pub.
L. No. 93--579; 88 Stat. 1897), effective September 27, 1975, and as
amended by section 2(2) of the Act of December 31, 1975 (Pub. L. No.
94--183; 89 Stat. 1057), effective December 31, 1975; section 2 of the
Act of October 25, 1982 (Pub. L. No. 97--365; 96 Stat. 1749), effective
October 25, 1982; section 201 of title II of the Act of December 21,
1982 (Pub. L. No. 97--375; 96 Stat. 1821), effective December 21, 1982;
section 2(a) of the Act of January 12, 1983 (Pub. L. No. 97--452; 96
Stat. 2478) effective January 12, 1983; section 2(c) of the Act of
October 15, 1984 (Pub. L. No. 98--477; 98 Stat. 2211--2212), effective
October 15, 1984; section 107(g) of title I of the Act of October 19,
1984 (Pub. L. No. 98--497; 98 Stat. 2292), effective April 1, 1985;
sections 2--6(a), 6(c), 7 and 8 of the Act of October 18, 1988 (Pub. L.
No. 100--503; 102 Stat. 2507--2514), effective July 18, 1989, except
amendments to subsections (f), (r), (s) and (v) which are effective
October 18, 1988; section 110(w) of title I of the Act of August 22,
1996 (Pub. L. No. 104--193; 110 Stat. 2175), effective August 22, 1996;
sections 1(b)(3)(A), (B), and (C) of the Act of October 2, 1996 (Pub.
L. No. 104--226; 110 Stat. 3033), effective October 2, 1996; section
115(g)(2)(B) of title I of the Act of October 19, 1996 (Pub. L. No.
104--316; 110 Stat. 3835), effective October 19, 1996; section
1026(b)(2) of title X of the Act of August 5, 1997 (Pub. L. No.
105--34; 111 Stat. 925, effectie date: section 552a(a)(8)(B)(vii)
applies to levies issued after August 5, 1997; section 8(b) of the Act
of July 7, 2004 (Pub. L. No. 108--171; 118 Stat. 814), effective July
7, 2004]
NOTES
Short title. Section 1 of the Act of December 31, 1974 (Pub.
L. No. 93--579; 88 Stat. 1896), which enacted section 552a of title 5,
United States Code, provides that the Act may be cited as the
"Privacy Act of 1974."
Findings and purpose of the "Privacy Act of
1974." Section 2 of the Act of December 31, 1974 (Pub. L.
No. 93--579; 88 Stat. 1896), which enacted section 552a of title 5,
United States Code, provides as follows:
SEC. 2. (a) The Congress finds that--
(1) The privacy of an individual is directly affected by the
collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of personal information
by Federal agencies;
(2) the increasing use of computers and sophisticated information
technology, while essential to the efficient
operations of the Government, has greatly magnified the harm to
individual privacy that can occur from any collection, maintenance,
use, or dissemination of personal information;
(3) the opportunities for an individual to secure employment,
insurance, and credit, and his right to due process, and other legal
protections are endangered by the misuse of certain information
systems;
(4) the right to privacy is a personal and fundamental right
protected by the Constitution of the United States; and
(5) in order to protect the privacy of individuals identified
in information systems maintained by Federal agencies, it is necessary
and proper for the Congress to regulate the collection, maintenance,
use,
{{2-29-08 p.8036.06}}and dissemination of information
by such agencies.
(b) The purpose of this Act is to provide certain safeguards for an
individual against an invasion of personal privacy by requiring Federal
agencies, except as otherwise provided by law, to--
(1) permit an individual to determine what records pertaining to
him are collected, maintained, used, or disseminated by such agencies;
(2) permit an individual to prevent records pertaining to him
obtained by such agencies for a particular purpose from being used or
made available for another purpose without his consent;
(3) permit an individual to gain access to information pertaining
to him in Federal agency records, to have a copy made of all or any
portion thereof, and to correct or amend such records;
(4) collect, maintain, use, or disseminate any record of
identifiable personal information in a manner that assures that such
action is for a necessary and lawful purpose, that the information is
current and accurate for its intended use, and that adequate safeguards
are provided to prevent misuse of such information;
(5) permit exemptions from the requirements with respect to
records provided in this Act only in those cases where there is an
important public policy need for such exemption as has been determined
by specific statutory authority; and
(6) be subject to civil suit for any damages which occur as a
result of willful or intentional action which violates any individual's
rights under this Act.
Disclosure of social security account numbers.
Section 7 of the Act of December 31, 1974 (Pub. L. No. 93--579; 88
Stat. 1909), effective December 31, 1974, provides as follows:
SEC. 7. (a)(1) It shall be unlawful for any Federal, State, or
local government agency to deny to any individual any right, benefit,
or privilege provided by law because of such individual's refusal to
disclose his social security account number.
(2) the provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not
apply with respect to--
(A) any disclosure which is required by Federal statute, or
(B) the disclosure of a social security number to any Federal,
State, or local agency maintaining a system of records in existence and
operating before January 1, 1975, if such disclosure was required under
statute or regulation adopted prior to such date to verify the identity
of an individual.
(b) Any Federal, State, or local government agency which requests
an individual to disclose his social security account number shall
inform that individual whether that disclosure is mandatory or
voluntary, by what statutory or other authority such number is
solicited, and what uses will be made of it.
Privacy Protection Study Commission. Section 5 of the
Act of December 31, 1974 (Pub. L. No. 93--579; 88 Stat. 1905),
effective December 31, 1974, as amended by the Act
of June 1, 1977 (Pub. L. No. 95--38; 91 Stat. 179), effective June
1, 1977, created a Privacy Protection Study Commission, whose
organization and functions are prescribed by statute as follows:
SEC. 5. (a)(1) There is established a Privacy Protection Study
Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "Commission") which
shall be composed of seven members as follows:
(A) three appointed by the President of the United States,
(B) two appointed by the President of the Senate, and
(C) two appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Members of the Commission shall be chosen from among persons who, by
reason of their knowledge and expertise in any of the following
areas--civil rights and liberties, law, social sciences, computer
technology, business, records management, and State and local
government--are well qualified for service on the Commission.
(2) The members of the Commission shall elect a Chairman from
among themselves.
{{11-1-83 p.8037}}
(3) Any vacancy in the membership of the Commission, as long as
there are four members in office, shall not impair the power of the
Commission but shall be filled in the same manner in which the original
appointment was made.
(4) A quorum of the Commission shall consist of a majority of the
members, except that the Commission may establish a lower number as a
quorum for the purpose of taking testimony. The Commission is
authorized to establish such committees and delegate such authority to
them as may be necessary to carry out its functions. Each member of the
Commission, including the Chairman, shall have equal responsibility and
authority in all decisions and actions of the Commission, shall have
full access to all information necessary to the performance of their
functions, and shall have one vote. Action of the Commission shall be
determined by a majority vote of the members present. The Chairman (or
a member designated by the Chairman to be acting Chairman) shall be the
official spokesman of the Commission in its relations with the
Congress, Government agencies, other persons, and the public, and, on
behalf of the Commission, shall see to the faithful execution of the
administrative policies and decisions of the Commission, and shall
report thereon to the Commission from time to time or as the Commission
may direct.
(5)(A) Whenever the Commission submits any budget estimate or
request to the President or the Office of Management and Budget, it
shall concurrently transmit a copy of that request to Congress.
(B) Whenever the Commission submits any legislative
recommendations, or testimony, or comments on legislation to the
President or Office of Management and Budget, it shall concurrently
transmit a copy thereof to the Congress. No officer or agency of the
United States shall have any authority to require the Commission to
submit its legislative recommendations, or testimony, or comments on
legislation, to any officer or agency of the United States for
approval, comments, or review, prior to the submission of such
recommendations, testimony, or comments to the Congress.
(b) The Commission shall--
(1) make a study of the data banks, automated data processing
programs, and information systems of governmental, regional, and
private organizations, in order to determine the standards and
procedures in force for the protection of personal information; and
(2) recommend to the President and the Congress the extent, if
any, to which the requirements and principles of section 552a of title
5, United States Code, should be applied to the information practices
of those organizations by legislation, administrative action, or
voluntary adoption of such requirements and principles, and report on
such other legislative recommendations as it may determine to be
necessary to protect the privacy of individuals while meeting the
legitimate needs of government and society for information.
(c)(1) In the course of conducting the study required under
subsection (b)(1) of this section, and in its reports thereon, the
Commission may research, examine, and analyze--
(A) interstate transfer of information about individuals that is
undertaken through manual files or by computer or other electronic or
telecommunications means;
(B) data banks and information programs and systems the operation
of which significantly or substantially affect the enjoyment of the
privacy and other personal and property rights of individuals;
(C) the use of social security numbers, license plate numbers,
universal identifiers, and other symbols to identify individuals in
data banks and to gain access to, integrate, or centralize information
systems and files; and
(D) the matching and analysis of statisical data, such as Federal
census data, with other sources of personal data, such as automobile
registries and telephone directories, in order to reconstruct
individual responses to statistical questionnaires for commercial or
other purposes, in a way which results in a violation of the implied or
explicitly recognized confidentiality of such information.
(2)(A) The Commission may include in its examination
personal information activities in the following areas: medical;
insurance; education; employment and personnel; credit, banking and
financial institutions; credit bureaus; the commercial
reporting
{{11-1-83 p.8038}}industry; cable television and
other telecommunications media; travel, hotel, and entertainment
reservations; and electronic check processing.
(B) The Commission shall include in its examination a study of--
(i) whether a person engaged in interstate commerce who maintains
a mailing list should be required to remove an individual's name and
address from such list upon request of that individual;
(ii) whether the Internal Revenue Service should be prohibited
from transfering 1
individually indentifiable 2
data to other agencies and to agencies of State governments;
(iii) whether the Federal Government should be liable for general
damages incurred by an individual as the result of a willful or
intentional violation of the provisions of sections 552a(g)(1)(C) or
(D) of title 5, United States Code; and
(iv) whether and how the standards for security and
confidentiality of records required under section 552a(e)(10) of such
title should be applied when a record is disclosed to a person other
than an agency.
(C) The Commission may study such other personal information
activities necessary to carry out the congressional policy embodied in
this Act, except that the Commission shall not investigate information
systems maintained by religious organizations.
(3) In conducting such study, the Commission shall--
(A) determine what laws, Executive orders, regulations,
directives, and judicial decisions govern the activities under study
and the extent to which they are consistent with the rights of privacy,
due process of law, and other guarantees in the Constitution;
(B) determine to what extent governmental and private information
systems affect Federal-State relations or the principle of separation
of powers;
(C) examine the standards and criteria governing programs,
policies, and practices relating to the collection, soliciting,
processing, use, access, integration, dissemination, and transmission
of personal information; and
(D) to the maximum extent practicable, collect and utilize
findings, reports, studies, hearing transcripts, and recommendations of
governmental, legislative and private bodies, institutions,
organizations, and individuals which pertain to the problems under
study by the Commission.
(d) In addition to its other functions the Commission may--
(1) request assistance of the heads of appropriate departments,
agencies, and instrumentalities of the Federal Government, of State and
local governments, and other persons in carrying out its functions
under this Act;
(2) upon request, assist Federal agencies in complying with the
requirements of section 552a of title 5, United States Code;
(3) determine what specific categories of information, the
collection of which would violate an individual's right of privacy,
should be prohibited by statute from collection by Federal agencies;
and
(4) upon request, prepare model legislation for use by State and
local governments in establishing procedures for handling, maintaining,
and disseminating personal information at the State and local level and
provide such technical assistance to State and local governments as
they may require in the preparation and implementation of such
legislation.
(e)(1) The Commission may, in carrying out its functions
under this section, conduct such inspections, sit and act at such times
and places, hold such hearings, take such testimony, require by subpena
the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such books,
records, papers, correspondence, and documents, administer such oaths,
have such printing and binding done, and make such expenditures as the
Commission deems advisable. A subpena shall be issued only upon an
affirmative vote of a majority of all members of the Commission.
Subpenas shall be issued under the signature of the Chairman or any
member of the Commission designated by the Chairman and shall be served
by any person designated by the Chairman or any such member. Any member
of the Com-
{{12-30-83 p.8039}}mission may administer oaths or
affirmations to witnesses appearing before the Commission.
(2)(A) Each department, agency, and instrumentality of the
executive branch of the Government is authorized to furnish to the
Commission, upon request made by the Chairman, such information, data,
reports and such other assistance as the Commission deems necessary to
carry out its functions under this section. Whenever the head of any
such department, agency, or instrumentality submits a report pursuant
to section 552a(o) of title 5, United States Code, a copy of such
report shall be transmitted to the Commission.
(B) In carrying out its functions and exercising its powers under
this section, the Commission may accept from any such department,
agency, independent instrumentality, or other person any individually
indentifiable 3
data if such data is necessary to carry out such powers and functions.
In any case in which the Commission accepts any such information, it
shall assure that the information is used only for the purpose for
which it is provided, and upon completion of that purpose such
information shall be destroyed or returned to such department, agency,
independent instrumentality, or person from which it is obtained, as
appropriate.
(3) The Commission shall have the power to--
(A) appoint and fix the compensation of an executive
director, and such additional staff personnel as may be necessary,
without regard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code,
governing appointments in the competitive service, and without regard
to chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating
to classification and General Schedule pay rates, but at rates not in
excess of the maximum rate for GS-18 of the General Schedule under
section 5332 of such title; and
(B) procure temporary and intermittent services to the
same extent as is authorized by section 3109 of title 5, United States
Code.
The Commission may delegate any of its functions to such personnel of
the Commission as the Commission may designate and may authorize such
successive redelegations of such functions as it may deem desirable.
(4) The Commission is authorized--
(A) to adopt, amend, and repeal rules and regulations governing
the manner of its operations, organization, and personnel;
(B) to enter into contracts or other arrangements or
modifications thereof, with any government, any department, agency, or
independent instrumentality of the United States, or with any person,
firm, association, or corporation, and such contracts or other
arrangements, or modifications thereof, may be entered into without
legal consideration, without performance or other bonds, and without
regard to section 3709 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (41 U.S.C.
5);
(C) to make advance, progress, and other payments which the
Commission deems necessary under this Act without regard to the
provisions of section 3648 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (31
U.S.C. 529); and
(D) to take such other action as may be necessary to carry out
its functions under this section.
(f)(1) Each [the] member of the Commission who is an officer or
employee of the United States shall serve without additional
compensation, but shall continue to receive the salary of his regular
position when engaged in the performance of the duties vested in the
Commission.
(2) A member of the Commission other than one to whom paragraph
(1) applies shall receive per diem at the maximum daily rate for
GS-18 of the General Schedule when engaged in the actual performance of
the duties vested in the Commission.
(3) All members of the Commission shall be reimbursed for travel,
subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the
performance of the duties vested in the Commission.
(g) The Commission shall, from time to time, and in an
annual report, report to the President and the Congress on its
activities in carrying out the provisions of this section. The
Commission shall make a final report to the President and to the
Congress on its
{{12-30-83 p.8040}}findings pursuant to the study
required to be made under subsection (b)(1) of this section not later
than two years from the date on which all of the members of the
Commission are appointed. The Commission shall cease to exist on
September 30, 1977.
(h)(1) Any member, officer, or employee of the Commission, who by
virtue of his employment or official position, has possession of, or
access to, agency records which contain individually identifiable
information the disclosure of which is prohibited by this section, and
who knowing that disclosure of the specific material is so prohibited,
willfully discloses the material in any manner to any person or agency
not entitled to receive it, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined
not more than $5,000.
(2) Any person who knowingly and willfully requests or obtains
any record concerning an individual from the Commission under false
pretenses shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not more than
$5,000.
1 So in original. Go Back to Text
2 So in original. Go Back to Text
3 So in original. Go Back to Text
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