When an insured institution fails, the FDIC is ordinarily appointed as
receiver. In that capacity, it assumes responsibility for efficiently recovering
the maximum amount possible from the disposition of the receivership’s
assets and the pursuit of the receivership’s claims. Funds collected
from the sale of assets and the disposition of valid claims is distributed
to the receivership’s creditors in accordance with the priorities
set by law.
The FDIC seeks to terminate receiverships in an orderly and expeditious
manner. Once the FDIC has completed the disposition of the receivership’s
assets and has resolved all obligations, claims, and other legal impediments,
the receivership is terminated, and a final distribution is made to its
creditors. Receivership creditors may include secured creditors, unsecured
creditors (including general trade creditors), holders of subordinated
debt, shareholders, uninsured depositors, and the DIF (as subrogee). The
FDIC is often the largest creditor of the receivership.
The following table depicts the strategic goal, strategic objectives and
annual performance goals for the Receivership Management Program.
Strategic
Goal
|
Strategic
Objectives
|
Annual
Performance Goals
|
Resolutions are orderly and receiverships are managed effectively.
|
Receiverships
are managed to maximize net return and terminated in an orderly
and timely manner.
|
Value,
manage and market assets of failed institutions and their subsidiaries
in a timely manner to maximize net return. |
Manage the receivership estate and its subsidiaries
toward an orderly termination.
|
|
Potential recoveries, including claims against professionals, are
investigated and resolved in a fair and cost-effective manner.
|
Conduct investigations into all potential professional liability
claim areas for all failed insured depository institutions,
and decide as promptly as possible to close or pursue each
claim, considering the size and complexity of the institution. |
Strategic
Goal 4:
Resolutions are orderly and receiverships are managed effectively.
Strategic
Objective 4.1
Receiverships are managed to maximize net
return and terminated in an orderly and timely manner.
Annual
Performance Goal 4.1-1
Value, manage and market assets of failed
institutions and their subsidiaries in a timely manner to maximize
net return.
Indicator
and Target
- Percentage of failed institution’s assets marketed
- 90 percent of the book value of a failed institution’s
marketable assets is marketed within 90 days of the failure date.
- Enhancements to contract management program
- Identify and implement program improvements
to ensure efficient and effective management of the contract
resources used to perform receivership management functions.
Means
and
Strategies
Operational
Processes (initiatives and strategies):
By quickly returning private assets to the private sector, the FDIC
maximizes net recoveries and minimizes disruption to the local community.
The FDIC expedites the return of the assets of the failed institution
to the private sector by marketing most assets soon after an insured
institution fails. Given adequate time, the FDIC prepares an information
package and an asset valuation review for each failing insured depository
institution to assist in the solicitation of bidders, analysis of
bids received for the assumption of deposits and sale of assets at
resolution or shortly thereafter. For asset sales, the failed institution’s
assets are grouped into pools that will be most appealing to acquirers
and are then marketed via the Internet. Potential asset purchasers
are allowed the opportunity to view all sales information electronically
prior to electronic bid submission. The FDIC also complements electronic
due diligence with hard-copy due diligence by allowing potential
bidders to view all hard-copy sale information at the actual sales
site.
After the resolution of the failed institution, the FDIC collects
and manages the remaining assets in a cost-effective manner to
maximize recoveries and preserve value until the assets can be
marketed. The FDIC will continue to update and refine its marketing
strategies in order to market assets as quickly and efficiently
as possible.
Where appropriate, the FDIC will manage and dispose of most of
the remaining assets from the failed bank location. The FDIC uses
the Standard Asset Valuation Estimation (SAVE) methodology to value
and make marketing and disposition decisions regarding most of
the assets of the failed institution. The SAVE methodology uses
standard assumptions and market information to ensure consistency
in valuing assets. The valuation process, methodology and assumptions
used to value assets are continually reviewed and, where necessary,
updated.
The FDIC makes extensive use of contractors in managing and selling
the assets of failed institutions. It has in place broad policies
and procedures related to contracting and the use of contractors
to provide services. These policies include every phase of the
contracting process. Individual FDIC divisions and offices must
apply these guidelines and establish controls and internal processes
to ensure that these policies and procedures are being strictly
followed.
Human
Resources (staffing and training):
The FDIC maintains a permanent staffing platform to carry
out its receivership management functions. When workload increases,
these resources are adjusted by the adding of non-permanent staff
and the use of contractor resources. On an interim basis, these resources
may also be expanded by the deployment of cross-trained employees
from elsewhere within the receivership management workload. Current
and projected workload is continually assessed to ensure that adequate
staff and contractor resources are available to fulfill the FDIC’s
receivership management responsibilities.
Authorized staffing for
the FDIC’s Division of Resolutions and Receiverships has been
increased dramatically to address the recent increase in workload,
from 223 at the beginning of 2008 to 847 currently. Additional staff
has also been authorized in other FDIC organizations to support this
work.
There has also been a significant increase in the deployment of
contractor resources to support the receivership management function.
In order to ensure that these resources are effectively managed,
the FDIC has added a substantial number of dedicated contract oversight
and management positions to its workforce. These additional staff
will oversee the development and implementation of internal operational
procedures to ensure the contracting function is being managed
properly. Training is being provided, as necessary, to ensure that
FDIC staff is educated about contracting policies and procedures
and their oversight management responsibilities.
Information
Technology:
The FDIC will continue to use new and refined technology to
make its asset management/servicing, sale strategies and other business
processes more efficient and to keep pace with changing market and
business practices. The Corporation will continue to use the Internet
to deliver asset marketing information to potential investors and
to auction/sell assets received from failed institutions. The FDIC
will also use its 4-C system for asset management reporting and data
reconciliation.
Verification
and Validation
Asset-marketing information is compiled from the actual sale initiatives that
are offered by the FDIC to bidders prior to and/or within 90 days of failure.
The offerings are compared to the beginning inventory of marketable assets
prepared by the FDIC at the time of the institution’s failure.
In addition, new requirements for contract reporting on a monthly and
quarterly basis will be established to ensure that the Corporation is managing
its contracts effectively.
2008
Performance Results
This annual
performance goal and performance indicator and target #1 are unchanged
from 2008. Performance indicator and target #2 are new for 2009,
reflecting the planned expansion in the use of contractor resources
for receivership management. The FDIC successfully met the 2008
performance target for this goal.
Annual
Performance Goal 4.1-2
Manage the receivership estate and its subsidiaries
toward an orderly termination.
Indicator
and Target
- Timely termination of new receiverships
- Terminate at least 75 percent of new
receiverships within three years of the date of failure.
Means
and Strategies
Operational
Processes (initiatives and strategies):
The oversight and prompt termination of a receivership preserves
value for the uninsured depositors and other receivership claimants
by reducing overhead and other holding costs. When the FDIC is appointed
as receiver, a unique action plan is established for each receivership.
That plan is executed by various asset, liability, finance, and legal
staff assigned to the receivership. Receivership staff oversee and
monitor the execution of each action plan, including goals and milestones.
In addition, an oversight committee, consisting of senior FDIC managers,
meets periodically to review and evaluate the quarterly progress
on each receivership action plan.
To be eligible for termination, a receivership must be free of
impediments that represent material financial or legal risks to
the FDIC. These impediments may include outstanding contractual
liabilities, outstanding offensive or defensive litigation, potential
representation and warranty asset sale claims, open employee benefit
plans, open subsidiary corporations where articles of dissolution
have not yet been approved, and known or potential environmental
contamination liabilities. Once the FDIC has disposed of all of
the assets of the receivership, resolved all liabilities, and ensured
that no material financial or legal risks to the FDIC remain, a
final distribution is made to the creditors of the receivership
and the receivership entity is terminated. To the extent that significant,
unresolved impediments remain for a substantial number of receiverships,
the FDIC may be unable to achieve this goal.
The FDIC continues to work on the resolution of impediments to
the termination of its remaining open receiverships. During 2008,
25 new receiverships were added to the FDIC’s inventory of
receiverships and 11 were inactivated, leaving a total of 49 active
receiverships at the end of 2008.
Human
Resources (staffing and training):
The FDIC has substantially increased its authorized staffing
for the receivership management function over the past year.
Workload and staffing requirements are assessed on an ongoing
basis to ensure that the FDIC has enough staff to successfully
carry out its receivership management responsibilities. As noted
earlier, the FDIC utilizes contractor resources and engages in
temporary hiring initiatives to supplement resolutions and receivership
management staff as workload increases.
Information
Technology:
Existing technology will be used to accomplish this goal.
No new technology or automated tools will be developed in support
of this goal in 2009.
Verification
and Validation
The process of inactivating a receivership is tracked in FDIC systems. Monthly
reports of deactivations are reviewed for accuracy. System users validate the
data, and any discrepancies are reconciled. Results are reported through established
management processes.
2008
Performance Results
This annual
performance goal and its associated performance indicator are
unchanged from 2008. The performance target has been revised
to be consistent with the performance target used in prior
years, when the FDIC was managing a large number of receiverships.
The FDIC successfully met the 2008 performance targets for
this goal.
Strategic
Objective 4.2
Potential recoveries, including claims
against professionals, are investigated and resolved in a fair
and cost-effective manner.
Annual
Performance Goal 4.2-1
Conduct investigations into all potential
professional liability claim areas for all failed insured depository
institutions, and decide as promptly as possible to close or
pursue each claim, considering the size and complexity of the
institution.
Indicator
and Target
- Percentage of investigated claim areas for which a decision has been
made to close or pursue the claim
- For 80 percent of all claim areas, a decision is made to
close or pursue claims within 18 months of the failure date.
Means
and
Strategies
Operational
Processes (initiatives and strategies):
The FDIC investigates potential claims against professionals (e.g.,
directors, officers, attorneys and others) whose actions may have
contributed to losses at the failed institution and assesses the
viability of insurance policies and the carriers that provide fidelity
insurance to the failed institution. Once the investigation is complete,
the FDIC determines whether it has viable, cost-effective claims
and whether it should pursue such claims. Most professional liability
investigations must be completed and viable claims filed within a
three-year statute of limitations period.
The FDIC's attorneys and investigators work together to ensure
that valid claims arising from the failure of an insured institution
are fully evaluated within the prescribed time period. The team
conducts a factual investigation of the events that contributed
to losses at the institution as well as legal research and analysis
of potential claims. The team prepares additional analysis to determine
the likelihood of a recovery exceeding the estimated cost of pursuing
each claim. The team then prepares a memorandum, reviewed and approved
by senior FDIC management, recommending that a claim be pursued
or that an investigation be closed.
Human Resources
(staffing and training):
Dedicated
staff in the Division of Resolutions and Receiverships and the
Legal Division are responsible for the investigations and pursuit
of professional liability claims. Workload requirements are regularly
reassessed to ensure that staffing is sufficient to fulfill these
responsibilities. The FDIC utilizes contractor resources (including
outside legal counsel) and engages in temporary hiring initiatives
to supplement staff, as needed.
Information Technology:
Data necessary to track failure dates of insured institutions, potential statutes
of limitation expiration dates and other pertinent dates are routinely collected
and stored in FDIC systems. Status information and decision events are also
tracked.
Verification
and Validation
Periodic data scrubs and audits are conducted to ensure accuracy and currency
of information from FDIC systems. Consistent maintenance of these systems ensures
that accurate data needed to measure compliance with the annual goal are readily
available. Progress in meeting this goal is reported through established management
processes.
2008
Performance Results
This annual
performance goal and its associated performance indicator and target
are unchanged from 2008. The FDIC successfully met this performance
target for this goal for the one receivership that reached the
18-month mark during 2008.